| Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Zen 4 (a70f41); 2023 AMD Ryzen 5 7640HS; 6 x 4300MHz; phoenix, supercop-20250922
[Page version: 20251028 08:35:44] 
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key signature systems:
 
Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
Time to sign a short message (59 bytes).
Time to open a signed short message,
i.e., to verify a (larger) signed message and recover the original short message.
Space (bytes) for a secret key.
Space for a public key.
Space for a signature on a 0-byte message.
Space for a signature on a 23-byte message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus 23 bytes.
Space for a signature on a long message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus the message length.
 
For signature systems that support "message recovery",
the space for a signature on a long message
is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.
 
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements,
the median of many speed measurements,
the third quartile of many speed measurements, and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
 
There is a
separate page
with more information about each signature system and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new signature systems
and new implementations of existing signature systems
should read the call for submissions.
 
 Test results Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
 NISTPQC graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
 Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256 
| 
| 
| Cycles to generate a key pair | 
|---|
 | 25% | 50% | 75% | system | 
|---|
 | 2221? | 2242? | 2896? | picnic3l1 |  | 2226 | 2244 | 2336 | picnicl1full |  | 3076 | 3090 | 3162 | picnicl3full |  | 3086 | 3094 | 3150 | picnic3l3 |  | 3957 | 3972 | 4140 | picnicl5full |  | 4025 | 4076 | 4336 | T:picnic2l1fs |  | 4266 | 4310 | 4403 | picnic3l5 |  | 4513 | 4532 | 4589 | picnicl1fs |  | 4678 | 4732 | 4813 | picnicl1ur |  | 5485 | 5554 | 5749 | T:picnic2l3fs |  | 5899 | 5922 | 5993 | picnicl3fs |  | 5903 | 5941 | 6034 | picnicl3ur |  | 7272 | 7305 | 7374 | T:picnic2l5fs |  | 7747 | 7793 | 7887 | picnicl5fs |  | 7742 | 7807 | 7935 | picnicl5ur |  | 15292 | 15332 | 15460 | T:lattisigns512 |  | 30679 | 30920 | 31080 | crossrsdpg128small |  | 30786 | 31016 | 31237 | crossrsdpg128balanced |  | 30752 | 31060 | 31313 | crossrsdpg128fast |  | 32643 | 32842 | 33332 | dilithium2aes |  | 43001 | 43290 | 43728 | ed25519 |  | 44231 | 44311 | 44554 | aimer128s |  | 44283 | 44376 | 44552 | aimer128f |  | 51569 | 51841 | 52204 | dilithium3aes |  | 55283 | 55628 | 56425 | T:ecdonaldp256 |  | 61728 | 61863 | 62551 | dilithium2 |  | 63096 | 63550 | 63856 | crossrsdpg192small |  | 63257 | 63606 | 64232 | crossrsdpg192balanced |  | 63520 | 64092 | 64654 | crossrsdpg192fast |  | 74063 | 74507 | 74755 | crossrsdp128balanced |  | 74315 | 74622 | 75094 | crossrsdp128small |  | 74292 | 74666 | 75280 | crossrsdp128fast |  | 77160 | 77467 | 77882 | dilithium5aes |  | 100196 | 100592 | 101125 | crossrsdpg256small |  | 100161 | 100652 | 101186 | crossrsdpg256fast |  | 100151 | 100671 | 101127 | crossrsdpg256balanced |  | 101349 | 101485 | 101766 | aimer192s |  | 105928 | 106141 | 106357 | aimer192f |  | 113094 | 113302 | 113603 | dilithium3 |  | 121988 | 122758 | 125671 | T:ecdonaldp224 |  | 153004 | 154656 | 156426 | nccsign1aes |  | 157798 | 158315 | 158805 | T:ed448goldilocks |  | 164569 | 165072 | 165524 | crossrsdp192fast |  | 164764 | 165138 | 165677 | crossrsdp192balanced |  | 164857 | 165165 | 165651 | crossrsdp192small |  | 163871 | 171389 | 179680 | T:hector |  | 173648 | 174937 | 176183 | dilithium5 |  | 190479 | 191795 | 193064 | nccsign1 |  | 201663 | 203063 | 204539 | nccsign3aes |  | 215797 | 223015 | 226313 | T:pass863 |  | 239842 | 240743 | 242331 | T:pass769 |  | 249794 | 250122 | 250452 | aimer256s |  | 250248 | 250695 | 251186 | aimer256f |  | 249698 | 251551 | 254432 | nccsign3 |  | 274241 | 274834 | 275610 | crossrsdp256small |  | 274783 | 275121 | 275713 | crossrsdp256balanced |  | 274785 | 275336 | 275913 | crossrsdp256fast |  | 308334 | 310008 | 311066 | nccsign5aes |  | 219876? | 338942? | 628085? | haetae2 |  | 388880 | 391317 | 394664 | nccsign5 |  | 419574 | 420804 | 424141 | T:donald1024 |  | 426355 | 427490 | 440554 | T:sphincsf128harakasimple |  | 499615 | 499823 | 500228 | T:sphincsf128harakarobust |  | 588591 | 590034 | 595474 | T:ecdonaldk163 |  | 589248 | 592274 | 595755 | T:ecdonaldp160 |  | 606458 | 608027 | 615265 | T:ecdonaldb163 |  | 616210 | 617587 | 619947 | T:mqdss48 |  | 630558 | 633140 | 640128 | T:ecdonaldp521 |  | 640151 | 642408 | 663223 | T:sphincsf192harakasimple |  | 651415 | 655919 | 659672 | T:edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |  | 710632? | 717337? | 913804? | T:ecdonaldp192 |  | 749783 | 757091 | 767272 | T:ecdonaldp384 |  | 400443? | 798165? | 1359014? | haetae3 |  | 803751 | 806106 | 811094 | T:ecdonaldk233 |  | 826652 | 829922 | 834341 | T:ecdonaldb233 |  | 834827 | 835737 | 841865 | T:sphincsf192harakarobust |  | 587516? | 876291? | 1650076? | haetae5 |  | 951929 | 952517 | 956963 | T:sphincsf128sha256simple |  | 953538? | 1257255? | 1589486? | T:qtesla1 |  | 1367458 | 1370136 | 1392489 | T:sphincsf192sha256simple |  | 1374820 | 1379260 | 1387890 | T:ecdonaldk283 |  | 1385375 | 1387694 | 1393272 | T:donald2048 |  | 1420418 | 1423930 | 1427859 | T:mqdss64 |  | 1444323 | 1449381 | 1456204 | T:ecdonaldb283 |  | 1660861 | 1661912 | 1676407 | T:sphincsf256harakasimple |  | 1919266 | 1922187 | 1924708 | T:sphincsf128sha256robust |  | 2015969 | 2021810 | 2028647 | T:edons128ref |  | 2022474 | 2033073 | 2037704 | T:sphincsf128shake256simple |  | 2178107 | 2183095 | 2186550 | T:sphincsf256harakarobust |  | 2202924 | 2204156 | 2206409 | T:sphincs256 |  | 2383317 | 2387094 | 2393642 | T:ecdonaldk409 |  | 2519924 | 2527055 | 2535149 | T:ecdonaldb409 |  | 2721792 | 2725137 | 2732769 | T:sphincsf192sha256robust |  | 2046945? | 2990383? | 3967257? | T:qtesla3f |  | 3143223 | 3159781 | 3168250 | T:sphincsf192shake256simple |  | 3492166 | 3497792 | 3503716 | T:sphincsf256sha256simple |  | 3868862 | 3878259 | 3885969 | T:sphincsf128shake256robust |  | 4011749 | 4031248 | 4061080 | T:luov863256 |  | 3071065? | 4058772? | 6023806? | T:qtesla3s |  | 5105180 | 5112606 | 5128550 | T:ecdonaldk571 |  | 5126971 | 5141978 | 5203309 | mqsignlr2567246 |  | 4688434? | 5333839? | 6599234? | T:qtesla1p |  | 5417631 | 5433979 | 5834194 | T:ecdonaldb571 |  | 5514187 | 5520760 | 5526538 | T:mqsignlr2567246 |  | 5936509 | 5938731 | 5943911 | T:sphincsf192shake256robust |  | 6283010 | 6300140 | 6343186 | T:mqsignrr2567246 |  | 6270366 | 6305861 | 6353749 | mqsignrr2567246 |  | 6880884 | 6900659 | 6924940 | T:rainbowbinary256181212 |  | 6975223 | 6990520 | 7005070 | T:luov863256pc |  | 7874315 | 7883816 | 7896168 | T:sphincsf256shake256simple |  | 10249298 | 10343575 | 10347896 | T:3icp |  | 8602037? | 11865761? | 15467863? | T:rwb0fuz1024 |  | 12065658 | 12101527 | 12185976 | T:rainbow1acompres363232 |  | 12117366 | 12128250 | 12146762 | T:sphincsf256sha256robust |  | 12139882 | 12169809 | 12222484 | T:rainbow1acyclicc363232 |  | 12429275 | 12444194 | 12489357 | T:rainbow1aclassic363232 |  | 13501882 | 13523612 | 13550756 | T:sphincsf256shake256robust |  | 13983049 | 14339472 | 14377538 | T:sphincss128harakasimple |  | 14639952 | 15246112 | 16283473 | T:falcon512tree |  | 11740805? | 15643018? | 25020467? | T:ronald512 |  | 14536235 | 15991798 | 17969421 | T:falcon512dyn |  | 16093128 | 16554824 | 16568195 | T:sphincss128harakarobust |  | 16977859 | 17003265 | 17045562 | T:luov4849242 |  | 18155753 | 18195775 | 18223068 | T:luov890351 |  | 20314744 | 20384776 | 20457304 | mqsignlr25611272 |  | 20185800 | 20590204 | 20716159 | T:mqsignlr25611272 |  | 21283363 | 21401340 | 22102606 | T:sphincss192harakasimple |  | 21404473 | 21449533 | 21494214 | T:mqsignrr25611272 |  | 21459346 | 21863680 | 21960073 | mqsignrr25611272 |  | 24841953 | 24862213 | 25799562 | T:sphincss192harakarobust |  | 19963446? | 25452595? | 31072097? | T:qtesla3p |  | 27334036 | 27387070 | 27821927 | T:luov890351pc |  | 26997229 | 27662409 | 27779579 | T:sphincss256harakasimple |  | 29482934 | 29565966 | 29636915 | T:rainbowbinary16242020 |  | 29388532 | 29654355 | 29666927 | T:tts6440 |  | 30390053 | 30433216 | 30513407 | T:sphincss128sha256simple |  | 30752101 | 30793892 | 30819854 | T:luov8117404 |  | 32083836 | 32138273 | 32211292 | T:pflash1 |  | 32497399 | 32691340 | 33011857 | T:rainbow5640 |  | 27584401? | 33131335? | 49108627? | T:ronald768 |  | 33513576 | 33979918 | 39496116 | T:sphincss256harakarobust |  | 43490014 | 43797448 | 43924401 | T:sphincss192sha256simple |  | 47315005 | 47374569 | 47442695 | T:luov8117404pc |  | 32308666? | 47640562? | 65119684? | T:ronald1024 |  | 46592332 | 47890565 | 51857629 | T:falcon1024tree |  | 45969859 | 47924974 | 50617402 | T:falcon1024dyn |  | 48056030 | 48096672 | 48287929 | T:gemss128v2 |  | 48926712 | 48950376 | 49026272 | T:redgemss128v2 |  | 49010316 | 49078720 | 49122601 | T:bluegemss128v2 |  | 50376199 | 50544626 | 50847075 | T:mqsignlr25614896 |  | 50287223 | 50675938 | 51020532 | mqsignlr25614896 |  | 55510454 | 55543710 | 55591502 | T:gemss128 |  | 55572343 | 55644413 | 55757273 | T:luov6468330 |  | 55217721 | 55698839 | 55794184 | T:sphincss256sha256simple |  | 55705362 | 55782218 | 56064452 | T:rainbow6440 |  | 56475187 | 56931544 | 57011073 | T:bluegemss128 |  | 58827576 | 58862725 | 58918055 | T:redgemss128 |  | 63735770 | 63764902 | 63872829 | T:sphincss128sha256robust |  | 68272514 | 68337081 | 68403050 | T:sphincss128shake256simple |  | 70740358 | 70926641 | 71067505 | T:rainbow3cclassic683248 |  | 71733147 | 72011992 | 72461815 | T:mqsignrr25614896 |  | 71911108 | 72186951 | 72533774 | mqsignrr25614896 |  | 71967717 | 72206634 | 72355183 | T:rainbow3ccompres683248 |  | 72099441 | 72390575 | 73334846 | T:rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |  | 91300809 | 91370687 | 91449689 | T:sphincss192sha256robust |  | 101140068 | 101230132 | 101392791 | T:sphincss192shake256simple |  | 105752702 | 105804271 | 105873022 | T:luov8086399 |  | 121221116 | 121380969 | 121509902 | T:sphincss128shake256robust |  | 126204750 | 126337786 | 127972015 | T:sflashv2 |  | 131781799 | 132049870 | 132448824 | T:sphincss256shake256simple |  | 168460135 | 169238130 | 170575373 | T:redgemss192 |  | 186018106 | 186176292 | 186265170 | T:sphincss192shake256robust |  | 194402295 | 194516694 | 196607570 | T:sphincss256sha256robust |  | 220008140 | 220418367 | 220820139 | T:sphincss256shake256robust |  | 227663996 | 227996464 | 228442999 | T:rainbow5cclassic963664 |  | 186802581? | 238324388? | 326929568? | T:ronald1536 |  | 240209202 | 240476013 | 240816263 | T:rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |  | 243312338 | 243626019 | 244392186 | T:redgemss192v2 |  | 244047754 | 244817920 | 245127768 | T:gemss192v2 |  | 245154033 | 245418660 | 245633088 | T:bluegemss192v2 |  | 249486068 | 250096978 | 251688675 | T:rainbow5ccompres963664 |  | 295315451 | 295561289 | 295749284 | T:bluegemss192 |  | 295722014 | 295790297 | 295864387 | T:gemss192 |  | 287139994? | 408520362? | 581197658? | T:ronald2048 |  | 665670009 | 667168972 | 668595808 | T:bluegemss256v2 |  | 676827503 | 677663053 | 679723988 | T:bluegemss256 |  | 677163306 | 677680591 | 678093869 | T:gravitysphincss |  | 698883395 | 700542312 | 702047426 | T:gemss256v2 |  | 729138752 | 731267307 | 733029687 | T:redgemss256v2 |  | 787333808 | 788889074 | 792167735 | T:redgemss256 |  | 804175289 | 804689243 | 805449708 | T:gemss256 |  | 1014245500? | 1714946019? | 2655298426? | T:ronald3072 |  | 2715754968 | 2796392994 | 2854936894 | T:pqrsa15 |  | 3077512435? | 4310343412? | 5903111509? | T:ronald4096 |  | 10834565172 | 10840042628 | 10846335849 | T:gravitysphincsl |  | 21677855743 | 21683834846 | 21692882885 | T:gravitysphincsm |  | 
| Cycles to sign 59 bytes | 
|---|
 | 25% | 50% | 75% | system | 
|---|
 | 10255 | 10470 | 10893 | T:rainbowbinary256181212 |  | 20496? | 21296? | 34739? | T:rainbowbinary16242020 |  | 24185 | 24347 | 24508 | T:tts6440 |  | 41349 | 41841 | 47700 | T:rainbow5640 |  | 43376 | 43662 | 44513 | T:rainbow6440 |  | 47188 | 47255 | 47424 | ed25519 |  | 51624 | 56141 | 58729 | T:rainbow1aclassic363232 |  | 64971 | 65180 | 67575 | T:sflashv2 |  | 65790 | 66720 | 69594 | T:mqsignlr2567246 |  | 57062? | 72117? | 77393? | T:rainbow1acyclicc363232 |  | 74104 | 74243 | 74759 | mqsignlr2567246 |  | 87472 | 87644 | 88157 | T:ecdonaldp256 |  | 100678 | 105768 | 111867 | T:mqsignrr2567246 |  | 105777 | 106952 | 108900 | mqsignrr2567246 |  | 77242? | 123467? | 176224? | dilithium2aes |  | 75842? | 138994? | 250950? | dilithium3aes |  | 88284? | 153375? | 231458? | dilithium2 |  | 163960 | 164211 | 164473 | T:ed448goldilocks |  | 175313 | 182166 | 190272 | T:hector |  | 185643 | 186027 | 186704 | T:ecdonaldp224 |  | 118802? | 191870? | 373328? | T:lattisigns512 |  | 138562? | 208364? | 273290? | dilithium5aes |  | 214075 | 218125 | 226126 | T:luov863256pc |  | 174975? | 225390? | 285158? | dilithium3 |  | 229549? | 232092? | 450221? | nccsign1aes |  | 236946 | 243817 | 249557 | T:mqsignlr25611272 |  | 257713 | 266377 | 274608 | mqsignlr25611272 |  | 175703? | 284840? | 537185? | T:qtesla1 |  | 280905? | 285624? | 838895? | T:pass863 |  | 280239 | 285713 | 301165 | T:rainbow3cclassic683248 |  | 286277? | 292977? | 429565? | nccsign1 |  | 297717 | 302349 | 305810 | T:ronald512 |  | 315797? | 318866? | 729507? | nccsign3aes |  | 255712? | 325576? | 546050? | dilithium5 |  | 323809 | 325987 | 328366 | T:donald1024 |  | 323407 | 327342 | 331897 | T:falcon512tree |  | 307589 | 354254 | 364212 | T:mqsignrr25611272 |  | 369467 | 377681 | 383903 | mqsignrr25611272 |  | 189091? | 393696? | 628188? | T:qtesla3f |  | 182229? | 450617? | 612198? | T:3icp |  | 470112 | 473720 | 477900 | T:mqsignlr25614896 |  | 366490? | 484461? | 541577? | T:rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |  | 507493 | 509955 | 513115 | mqsignlr25614896 |  | 259420? | 515200? | 526946? | T:pass769 |  | 551200 | 557518 | 561377 | T:ronald768 |  | 388735? | 571875? | 868715? | nccsign3 |  | 248723? | 585048? | 1068135? | T:pflash1 |  | 600619 | 602955 | 607356 | T:falcon512dyn |  | 606753 | 613679 | 616768 | T:luov890351pc |  | 605303 | 629311 | 639054 | T:mqsignrr25614896 |  | 628772 | 631417 | 635057 | T:ecdonaldk163 |  | 627702 | 632055 | 636163 | T:ecdonaldp160 |  | 644670 | 646642 | 647961 | T:ecdonaldb163 |  | 648360 | 654648 | 661121 | T:falcon1024tree |  | 660807 | 672750 | 681147 | mqsignrr25614896 |  | 674075 | 680622 | 692178 | T:ronald1024 |  | 676837 | 682865 | 684820 | T:rwb0fuz1024 |  | 502494? | 693365? | 883261? | nccsign5aes |  | 748511 | 750783 | 755212 | T:ecdonaldp192 |  | 769326 | 770382 | 771092 | crossrsdpg128fast |  | 828753 | 846202 | 852301 | T:rainbow5cclassic963664 |  | 366625? | 849885? | 1568281? | T:qtesla3s |  | 856069 | 856872 | 858008 | aimer128f |  | 555073? | 868076? | 1367703? | T:qtesla1p |  | 868771 | 872647 | 877644 | T:ecdonaldk233 |  | 871698 | 874217 | 877235 | T:donald2048 |  | 612765? | 891341? | 1401966? | nccsign5 |  | 881377 | 892032 | 898573 | T:ecdonaldp384 |  | 892169 | 895673 | 903617 | T:ecdonaldb233 |  | 888212 | 901569 | 913343 | T:luov8117404pc |  | 948872 | 965586 | 990164 | T:edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |  | 1009347 | 1012492 | 1015259 | T:ecdonaldp521 |  | 724918? | 1150693? | 1790671? | haetae2 |  | 1221923 | 1229676 | 1236310 | T:falcon1024dyn |  | 1260383 | 1292556 | 1359769 | T:rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |  | 1055437? | 1375626? | 2930281? | haetae3 |  | 1392215 | 1393737 | 1396534 | crossrsdpg128balanced |  | 1466158 | 1469691 | 1489297 | T:ecdonaldk283 |  | 1528826 | 1532519 | 1538245 | T:ecdonaldb283 |  | 1563580 | 1567040 | 1570835 | crossrsdp128fast |  | 1759047 | 1761731 | 1764088 | crossrsdpg192fast |  | 808018? | 1780889? | 3086960? | haetae5 |  | 1845811 | 1855314 | 1868770 | T:ronald2048 |  | 1956539 | 1969205 | 1979769 | T:ronald1536 |  | 2141569 | 2144449 | 2147583 | crossrsdpg192balanced |  | 2301660 | 2325477 | 2405328 | T:edons128ref |  | 2345499 | 2346810 | 2347997 | aimer192f |  | 2494176 | 2497413 | 2499810 | picnicl1full |  | 2578858 | 2584203 | 2702649 | T:ecdonaldk409 |  | 2579567 | 2584322 | 2589147 | crossrsdp128balanced |  | 2717276 | 2722106 | 2732908 | T:ecdonaldb409 |  | 2739701 | 2742249 | 2746086 | crossrsdpg128small |  | 2264377? | 2750943? | 4697721? | T:qtesla3p |  | 2962734 | 2966156 | 2983713 | crossrsdpg256fast |  | 3320423 | 3338380 | 3355510 | T:luov863256 |  | 3511010 | 3515526 | 3519713 | crossrsdpg256balanced |  | 3514521 | 3520408 | 3524498 | picnicl1fs |  | 3519177 | 3523466 | 3528586 | crossrsdp192fast |  | 3633678 | 3646940 | 3674017 | T:mqdss48 |  | 3248359? | 3698111? | 4324066? | T:redgemss128v2 |  | 3228105? | 3897611? | 4509393? | T:redgemss128 |  | 3981722 | 3988445 | 3996140 | crossrsdpg192small |  | 4338555 | 4362576 | 4380022 | T:ronald3072 |  | 4616233 | 4617162 | 4618821 | aimer256f |  | 4721461 | 4727461 | 4734020 | picnicl1ur |  | 4763627 | 4765700 | 4768582 | T:gravitysphincss |  | 4929664 | 4940355 | 4950656 | picnicl3full |  | 5121085 | 5131340 | 5139089 | crossrsdp128small |  | 5488186 | 5497246 | 5510415 | T:ecdonaldk571 |  | 5591556 | 5594235 | 5602367 | crossrsdp192balanced |  | 5792246 | 5798622 | 5804199 | T:ecdonaldb571 |  | 6184134 | 6206347 | 6219201 | aimer128s |  | 6232593 | 6237785 | 6244590 | crossrsdpg256small |  | 6275667 | 6280932 | 6299554 | crossrsdp256fast |  | 7222857 | 7234594 | 7244267 | picnicl3fs |  | 8139424 | 8150651 | 8168173 | picnicl5full |  | 8244211 | 8268569 | 8291541 | T:ronald4096 |  | 8345094 | 8353911 | 8363576 | crossrsdp192small |  | 8766681 | 8780024 | 8901238 | T:mqdss64 |  | 9421050 | 9478960 | 9685326 | T:rainbow1acompres363232 |  | 9793688 | 9850712 | 9868267 | picnicl3ur |  | 9836822 | 9851167 | 9860082 | crossrsdp256balanced |  | 8185050? | 10106667? | 11107520? | T:redgemss192v2 |  | 9478731 | 10285035 | 10338142 | T:gravitysphincsm |  | 10709127 | 10731064 | 10749664 | T:luov890351 |  | 9257802? | 10905902? | 13321194? | T:redgemss192 |  | 11308758 | 11347694 | 11383211 | T:gravitysphincsl |  | 12153392 | 12171676 | 12186988 | picnic3l1 |  | 12514787 | 12535743 | 12549059 | picnicl5fs |  | 15734200 | 15747874 | 15762561 | crossrsdp256small |  | 15611453 | 15813278 | 15835517 | T:sphincsf128harakasimple |  | 15889864 | 15952506 | 15987124 | picnicl5ur |  | 17248630 | 17253631 | 17278684 | aimer192s |  | 15183288? | 17860014? | 21651644? | T:redgemss256v2 |  | 18192549 | 18224666 | 18266633 | T:luov8117404 |  | 19130991 | 19161228 | 19224609 | T:sphincsf128harakarobust |  | 18826937 | 19372875 | 19448597 | T:sphincsf192harakasimple |  | 16516772? | 22734640? | 25508233? | T:redgemss256 |  | 24364836 | 24406260 | 24503719 | picnic3l3 |  | 25526206 | 25546982 | 25576185 | T:sphincsf192harakarobust |  | 32151948 | 32216102 | 32449226 | T:sphincsf128sha256simple |  | 32593425 | 32627648 | 32682975 | aimer256s |  | 35541859 | 35582676 | 35625348 | T:luov4849242 |  | 37366391 | 37460725 | 37500263 | T:sphincs256 |  | 43042199 | 43178934 | 44057480 | picnic3l5 |  | 42902961 | 43605176 | 43756114 | T:sphincsf256harakasimple |  | 43595368 | 43794599 | 43864857 | T:sphincsf192sha256simple |  | 56906940 | 57015505 | 57070477 | T:sphincsf256harakarobust |  | 57033258 | 57166836 | 57332406 | T:rainbow3ccompres683248 |  | 62467140 | 62585500 | 62813653 | T:sphincsf128sha256robust |  | 68353730 | 68797690 | 69554232 | T:sphincsf128shake256simple |  | 85126200 | 85318355 | 85511596 | T:sphincsf192sha256robust |  | 87471034 | 87833260 | 88050734 | T:sphincsf256sha256simple |  | 92467245 | 92726938 | 93554375 | T:picnic2l1fs |  | 92388703 | 92767415 | 93154057 | T:sphincsf192shake256simple |  | 104608142 | 104688677 | 104806332 | T:pqrsa15 |  | 110857108 | 110933431 | 110983053 | T:luov6468330 |  | 101553928? | 121619110? | 142091533? | T:bluegemss128v2 |  | 124706108 | 125068585 | 125386957 | T:sphincsf128shake256robust |  | 116606906? | 139882490? | 163351550? | T:bluegemss128 |  | 148885091 | 149187276 | 149713253 | T:rainbow5ccompres963664 |  | 169976310 | 170268482 | 170584523 | T:sphincsf192shake256robust |  | 184507131 | 184705319 | 184922122 | T:sphincsf256shake256simple |  | 215421558 | 215518804 | 215793809 | T:luov8086399 |  | 268357553 | 270256666 | 270721577 | T:sphincss128harakasimple |  | 269152323 | 270977680 | 274985408 | T:picnic2l3fs |  | 277135812 | 279785070 | 280022301 | T:sphincsf256sha256robust |  | 311648181 | 313667278 | 322196086 | T:sphincsf256shake256robust |  | 311173659 | 316175755 | 318139348 | T:sphincss128harakarobust |  | 264989684? | 319808562? | 422487626? | T:bluegemss192v2 |  | 381486227 | 382750225 | 393585221 | T:sphincss256harakasimple |  | 362607439? | 431147990? | 508375431? | T:bluegemss192 |  | 475787636 | 480665188 | 481527290 | T:sphincss256harakarobust |  | 523298150 | 525439413 | 533481391 | T:sphincss128sha256simple |  | 544169861 | 545286284 | 546516606 | T:picnic2l5fs |  | 579908022 | 582117098 | 583374676 | T:sphincss192harakasimple |  | 491362884? | 588974389? | 686930567? | T:bluegemss256v2 |  | 512516414? | 640268991? | 895935891? | T:bluegemss256 |  | 693367058 | 700275062 | 701340652 | T:sphincss256sha256simple |  | 717264309? | 720677015? | 1003850435? | T:gemss128 |  | 625036913? | 750246122? | 879960299? | T:gemss128v2 |  | 781559135 | 783934273 | 791205030 | T:sphincss192harakarobust |  | 982099624 | 987592853 | 991607387 | T:sphincss192sha256simple |  | 1015928374 | 1024113864 | 1024708043 | T:sphincss128sha256robust |  | 1069135941 | 1069905084 | 1077064610 | T:sphincss128shake256simple |  | 1579141331 | 1585524570 | 1589083751 | T:sphincss256shake256simple |  | 1811093142 | 1812122583 | 1815729861 | T:sphincss128shake256robust |  | 1985954258 | 1988110858 | 1989033412 | T:sphincss192sha256robust |  | 2169735798 | 2177454081 | 2198695988 | T:sphincss256sha256robust |  | 1809097754? | 2185361454? | 2568053780? | T:gemss192v2 |  | 2286478965 | 2289921150 | 2293228629 | T:sphincss192shake256simple |  | 2529706435 | 2532894629 | 2549546621 | T:sphincss256shake256robust |  | 1966198416? | 2937750187? | 3433327227? | T:gemss192 |  | 3060931152? | 3672936724? | 4299201502? | T:gemss256v2 |  | 3808013269 | 3817491807 | 3846219415 | T:sphincss192shake256robust |  | 4412239772? | 5290657056? | 6179784228? | T:gemss256 |  | 
| Cycles to verify 59 bytes | 
|---|
 | 25% | 50% | 75% | system | 
|---|
 | 5487 | 5655 | 5744 | T:rwb0fuz1024 |  | 8069 | 8157 | 8293 | T:rainbowbinary256181212 |  | 14430? | 14567? | 21410? | T:rainbowbinary16242020 |  | 15426 | 15831 | 17696 | T:3icp |  | 16274 | 16507 | 16597 | T:rainbow5640 |  | 18702 | 18960 | 19236 | T:ronald512 |  | 20769 | 20852 | 20939 | T:rainbow6440 |  | 21143 | 21439 | 21665 | T:ronald768 |  | 24591 | 24673 | 24786 | T:tts6440 |  | 24516 | 24868 | 25258 | T:ronald1024 |  | 25066 | 25239 | 25523 | T:lattisigns512 |  | 23624 | 25935 | 28178 | T:rainbow1aclassic363232 |  | 33029 | 33332 | 33729 | T:ronald1536 |  | 35084 | 35277 | 35647 | mqsignlr2567246 |  | 35850 | 36430 | 37206 | T:mqsignlr2567246 |  | 36621 | 37220 | 37688 | mqsignrr2567246 |  | 37499 | 38849 | 39674 | T:mqsignrr2567246 |  | 42532 | 42614 | 42846 | dilithium2aes |  | 44585 | 44977 | 45446 | T:ronald2048 |  | 49827 | 50949 | 52356 | T:gravitysphincss |  | 58269 | 58481 | 60275 | T:sflashv2 |  | 60295 | 60543 | 60812 | dilithium3aes |  | 60273 | 61104 | 61737 | T:falcon512tree |  | 68648 | 68713 | 68827 | dilithium2 |  | 69583 | 70524 | 71436 | T:qtesla1 |  | 73030 | 73927 | 74484 | T:falcon512dyn |  | 77672 | 78027 | 78651 | T:ronald3072 |  | 87300 | 87517 | 87835 | dilithium5aes |  | 102423 | 102703 | 103134 | haetae2 |  | 112986 | 113132 | 113272 | dilithium3 |  | 115908 | 119046 | 123472 | T:pflash1 |  | 121327 | 121879 | 122483 | T:ronald4096 |  | 123050 | 123950 | 125086 | T:falcon1024tree |  | 96116? | 133521? | 152150? | T:luov863256pc |  | 143051 | 144017 | 145182 | T:qtesla3f |  | 145356 | 146092 | 147089 | T:qtesla3s |  | 149051 | 149882 | 151083 | T:falcon1024dyn |  | 154552 | 155084 | 155445 | haetae3 |  | 153881 | 155630 | 157296 | nccsign1aes |  | 159600 | 160333 | 160831 | ed25519 |  | 178586 | 178912 | 179456 | dilithium5 |  | 176528 | 183022 | 202638 | T:rainbow3cclassic683248 |  | 185103 | 185262 | 185670 | haetae5 |  | 191953 | 193652 | 195037 | nccsign1 |  | 196366? | 205788? | 398575? | T:bluegemss128 |  | 198744? | 209103? | 371443? | T:bluegemss128v2 |  | 221285 | 222559 | 223498 | nccsign3aes |  | 227782 | 231833 | 239693 | T:gravitysphincsm |  | 234928 | 235260 | 235670 | T:ecdonaldp256 |  | 213966 | 241512 | 250788 | T:redgemss128 |  | 236992 | 246899 | 254202 | T:mqsignlr25611272 |  | 242055 | 248349 | 254780 | mqsignlr25611272 |  | 233368 | 252445 | 276301 | T:redgemss128v2 |  | 261015 | 263396 | 266386 | T:donald1024 |  | 265583 | 268060 | 269316 | nccsign3 |  | 205510? | 278718? | 285539? | T:mqsignrr25611272 |  | 271629 | 279314 | 281920 | mqsignrr25611272 |  | 311550 | 321356 | 335583 | T:gravitysphincsl |  | 328182 | 335181 | 342353 | T:luov890351pc |  | 287562? | 335208? | 368121? | T:gemss128v2 |  | 336551 | 340830 | 344421 | T:pass863 |  | 339487 | 340864 | 342222 | T:qtesla1p |  | 338875 | 345776 | 353149 | T:sphincss128harakasimple |  | 346218 | 347921 | 348883 | nccsign5aes |  | 364663 | 365363 | 367742 | T:ecdonaldp224 |  | 371787 | 373482 | 375776 | T:edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |  | 372126 | 375396 | 376694 | T:pass769 |  | 413870 | 415000 | 418337 | nccsign5 |  | 455670 | 459511 | 463682 | T:rainbow5cclassic963664 |  | 465740 | 475503 | 483742 | T:luov8117404pc |  | 480449 | 483347 | 487741 | T:mqsignlr25614896 |  | 480007 | 484117 | 489222 | T:mqsignrr25614896 |  | 480126 | 484241 | 488389 | mqsignlr25614896 |  | 480841 | 485174 | 489443 | mqsignrr25614896 |  | 411941? | 489336? | 567732? | T:gemss128 |  | 518692 | 519912 | 524388 | crossrsdpg128fast |  | 521114 | 529663 | 538107 | T:sphincss128harakarobust |  | 521172? | 539987? | 705976? | T:sphincss192harakasimple |  | 563890 | 565862 | 567572 | T:ed448goldilocks |  | 573018 | 589148 | 592315 | T:edons128ref |  | 619753 | 624443 | 629717 | T:ecdonaldp160 |  | 706477 | 712440 | 718637 | T:hector |  | 715808 | 726651 | 734849 | T:sphincss256harakasimple |  | 724489 | 727573 | 731502 | T:ecdonaldp192 |  | 779417 | 784554 | 791738 | T:donald2048 |  | 794549 | 802772 | 814618 | T:sphincsf128harakasimple |  | 842693 | 849411 | 858487 | T:sphincss192harakarobust |  | 851151 | 852137 | 853860 | aimer128f |  | 696057? | 884803? | 1157474? | T:bluegemss192v2 |  | 982561 | 984898 | 988143 | crossrsdp128fast |  | 884535 | 1009369 | 1077711 | T:redgemss192v2 |  | 918551? | 1016069? | 1150147? | T:gemss192v2 |  | 1025946 | 1027731 | 1031660 | crossrsdpg128balanced |  | 1108172 | 1116736 | 1123946 | T:sphincs256 |  | 1175350 | 1191606 | 1202501 | T:sphincss256harakarobust |  | 1073568? | 1196900? | 2917436? | T:bluegemss256 |  | 1197346 | 1199612 | 1204481 | T:ecdonaldk163 |  | 1209727 | 1211248 | 1212986 | crossrsdpg192fast |  | 1200708 | 1219248 | 1238695 | T:sphincsf128harakarobust |  | 1183036? | 1230863? | 2780156? | T:redgemss256 |  | 1197083? | 1241060? | 3083502? | T:gemss256v2 |  | 1237873 | 1241067 | 1246406 | T:ecdonaldb163 |  | 1186812? | 1241416? | 2976795? | T:redgemss256v2 |  | 1213499? | 1260230? | 3103504? | T:bluegemss256v2 |  | 1246065 | 1262907 | 1274607 | T:sphincsf192harakasimple |  | 1104964? | 1268726? | 3008122? | T:gemss256 |  | 1394222 | 1401820 | 1416635 | T:sphincsf256harakasimple |  | 603641? | 1560772? | 1916469? | T:redgemss192 |  | 1559247 | 1562596 | 1565965 | crossrsdpg192balanced |  | 1141488? | 1640919? | 1938464? | T:bluegemss192 |  | 1662139 | 1666092 | 1673303 | T:ecdonaldk233 |  | 1694502 | 1701349 | 1707006 | T:qtesla3p |  | 1708195 | 1710285 | 1717983 | T:ecdonaldb233 |  | 1871460 | 1873797 | 1875466 | T:ecdonaldp521 |  | 1874864 | 1879970 | 1882845 | crossrsdp128balanced |  | 1555753? | 1955118? | 2047537? | T:gemss192 |  | 1962089 | 1968880 | 1978759 | T:ecdonaldp384 |  | 2042869 | 2055695 | 2067369 | picnicl1full |  | 2076641 | 2079413 | 2083780 | crossrsdpg128small |  | 2076991 | 2097726 | 2118896 | T:sphincsf192harakarobust |  | 2118510 | 2121184 | 2123746 | crossrsdpg256fast |  | 2086622 | 2131260 | 2165141 | T:sphincss128sha256simple |  | 2226407 | 2229770 | 2234010 | crossrsdp192fast |  | 2232463 | 2245263 | 2261507 | T:mqdss48 |  | 2242778 | 2268000 | 2290254 | T:sphincsf256harakarobust |  | 2329065 | 2333700 | 2355806 | aimer192f |  | 2545098 | 2597888 | 2656629 | T:sphincss128shake256simple |  | 2645066 | 2652296 | 2656579 | crossrsdpg256balanced |  | 2726419 | 2746047 | 2764712 | T:luov863256 |  | 2838608 | 2853507 | 2903022 | T:ecdonaldk283 |  | 2879046 | 2915697 | 2949131 | T:sphincss192sha256simple |  | 2965710 | 2975483 | 2993466 | picnicl1fs |  | 2974620 | 2988556 | 2997754 | T:ecdonaldb283 |  | 3123155 | 3132131 | 3144405 | crossrsdpg192small |  | 3805071 | 3841217 | 3893326 | T:sphincss256sha256simple |  | 3763444 | 3847367 | 3944821 | T:sphincss192shake256simple |  | 3886316 | 3900274 | 3926635 | picnicl1ur |  | 3933352 | 3939369 | 3947373 | crossrsdp128small |  | 3970563 | 3979490 | 3988494 | crossrsdp256fast |  | 3872909 | 4011022 | 4114838 | T:sphincss128sha256robust |  | 4063086 | 4071973 | 4081018 | picnicl3full |  | 4204257 | 4211710 | 4220331 | crossrsdp192balanced |  | 4409508 | 4445459 | 4512960 | T:sphincsf128sha256simple |  | 4585118 | 4587103 | 4592466 | aimer256f |  | 4843064 | 4929647 | 4998875 | T:sphincss256shake256simple |  | 4979978 | 4992485 | 5416317 | T:ecdonaldk409 |  | 5019390 | 5024559 | 5028029 | crossrsdpg256small |  | 5046474 | 5113936 | 5246527 | T:sphincss128shake256robust |  | 5255278 | 5260955 | 5272899 | T:ecdonaldb409 |  | 5675601 | 5713471 | 5752325 | T:mqdss64 |  | 5841783 | 5848109 | 5877067 | picnicl3fs |  | 6077641 | 6146027 | 6172344 | aimer128s |  | 6137764 | 6222603 | 6297007 | T:sphincss192sha256robust |  | 6185910 | 6241348 | 6371949 | T:sphincsf128shake256simple |  | 6347792 | 6354639 | 6362137 | crossrsdp192small |  | 6707402 | 6736017 | 6751441 | picnicl5full |  | 7155981 | 7165545 | 7176512 | crossrsdp256balanced |  | 7263971 | 7280611 | 7314386 | T:rainbow1acyclicc363232 |  | 7304947 | 7321699 | 7328860 | T:rainbow1acompres363232 |  | 7481119 | 7564494 | 7669241 | T:sphincsf256sha256simple |  | 7534317 | 7639637 | 7703693 | T:sphincss192shake256robust |  | 7789278 | 7842456 | 7919752 | T:sphincsf192sha256simple |  | 8032532 | 8068448 | 8139378 | picnicl3ur |  | 8827651 | 9005378 | 9122173 | T:sphincsf128sha256robust |  | 9640221 | 9678715 | 9709313 | T:luov890351 |  | 9669643 | 9707614 | 9762009 | picnic3l1 |  | 9563329 | 9769578 | 9971428 | T:sphincss256shake256robust |  | 9852255 | 9931176 | 10030928 | T:sphincsf192shake256simple |  | 9918366 | 10044327 | 10155511 | T:sphincsf256shake256simple |  | 10184196 | 10228936 | 10254837 | picnicl5fs |  | 10637842 | 10666990 | 10707314 | T:ecdonaldk571 |  | 11254710 | 11268118 | 11285619 | T:ecdonaldb571 |  | 11574520 | 11765219 | 11923727 | T:sphincss256sha256robust |  | 11952756 | 11962343 | 11976970 | crossrsdp256small |  | 12226830 | 12538843 | 12779392 | T:sphincsf128shake256robust |  | 13379125 | 13436910 | 13468783 | T:pqrsa15 |  | 13503006 | 13544929 | 13763777 | picnicl5ur |  | 15335209 | 15450754 | 15570282 | T:sphincsf192sha256robust |  | 16569328 | 16599278 | 16633858 | T:luov8117404 |  | 16911282 | 16912969 | 16918877 | aimer192s |  | 19296965 | 19521459 | 19773574 | T:sphincsf256shake256robust |  | 19495228 | 19754149 | 19974144 | T:sphincsf192shake256robust |  | 19881907 | 19904133 | 19935616 | picnic3l3 |  | 23197324 | 23388694 | 23758539 | T:sphincsf256sha256robust |  | 25155203 | 25187929 | 25266683 | T:luov4849242 |  | 32214285 | 32219256 | 32255717 | aimer256s |  | 32895962 | 32945022 | 33123579 | picnic3l5 |  | 43441668 | 43650308 | 43845742 | T:picnic2l1fs |  | 44139856 | 44222511 | 44294398 | T:rainbow3ccompres683248 |  | 44162784 | 44625275 | 45771852 | T:rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |  | 67055044 | 67204611 | 68188988 | T:luov6468330 |  | 95433531 | 95611276 | 95717012 | T:picnic2l3fs |  | 99508748 | 99786284 | 101427797 | T:rainbow5ccompres963664 |  | 100026596 | 100227410 | 100502506 | T:rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |  | 123071220 | 123130078 | 123814547 | T:luov8086399 |  | 161307634 | 161406657 | 161485951 | T:picnic2l5fs |  | 
 |  |