Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Sandy Bridge+AES (206a7); 2011 Intel Xeon E3-1225; 4 x 3100MHz; hydra7, supercop-20250922
[Page version: 20251103 11:56:25]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key signature systems:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to sign a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to open a signed short message,
i.e., to verify a (larger) signed message and recover the original short message.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Space for a signature on a 0-byte message.
- Space for a signature on a 23-byte message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus 23 bytes.
- Space for a signature on a long message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus the message length.
For signature systems that support "message recovery",
the space for a signature on a long message
is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements,
the median of many speed measurements,
the third quartile of many speed measurements, and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each signature system and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new signature systems
and new implementations of existing signature systems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
NISTPQC graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, picnic3l1, picnic3l3, picnic3l5, picnicl1fs, picnicl1full, picnicl1ur, picnicl3fs, picnicl3full, picnicl3ur, picnicl5fs, picnicl5full, picnicl5ur, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256, rainbowbinary16242020
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 13276 | 13315 | 13361 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 25312 | 25411 | 26173 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 30953 | 31039 | 31118 | T: lattisigns512 |
| 32660 | 33344 | 33671 | T: picnic2l5fs |
| 54286 | 54456 | 54725 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 54193 | 54470 | 54739 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 54245 | 54473 | 54681 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 70019 | 70232 | 70400 | ed25519 |
| 111911 | 112100 | 112438 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 111907 | 112111 | 112592 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 111958 | 112195 | 112440 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 113361 | 113684 | 114024 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 113612 | 113873 | 114109 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 113742 | 114079 | 114305 | crossrsdp128small |
| 122703 | 122833 | 123080 | aimer128s |
| 122758 | 122907 | 123137 | aimer128f |
| 139154 | 140342 | 142205 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 190231 | 190521 | 191157 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 190503 | 190728 | 191224 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 190370 | 190967 | 191409 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 203414 | 204582 | 207850 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 215581 | 215911 | 216246 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 258949 | 259291 | 260416 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 259078 | 259672 | 260134 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 259410 | 259819 | 260433 | crossrsdp192small |
| 297606 | 297885 | 298293 | aimer192f |
| 294341 | 299516 | 318390 | T: hector |
| 308534 | 308655 | 309059 | aimer192s |
| 369058 | 369247 | 369950 | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 372491 | 375119 | 378489 | nccsign1 |
| 434326 | 435461 | 437602 | T: pass769 |
| 461067 | 461742 | 462489 | crossrsdp256small |
| 461273 | 461756 | 462541 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 461195 | 461959 | 462813 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 497584 | 500285 | 502499 | nccsign3 |
| 547353 | 549471 | 551778 | T: pass863 |
| 601178 | 605242 | 612710 | nccsign1aes |
| 682450 | 684394 | 687800 | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 714996 | 716978 | 719450 | aimer256f |
| 721186 | 722320 | 723286 | aimer256s |
| 761548 | 766149 | 769393 | nccsign5 |
| 803037 | 806237 | 811231 | T: donald1024 |
| 808962 | 812152 | 819821 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 815099 | 821977 | 832382 | nccsign3aes |
| 824987 | 827998 | 831212 | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 877555 | 878989 | 879967 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 980755 | 985534 | 990835 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 985847 | 987155 | 992671 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 989729 | 996083 | 1001838 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 1010963 | 1012954 | 1025329 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 1044585 | 1045294 | 1047106 | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 1065990 | 1083156 | 1103910 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 1103666 | 1111351 | 1124372 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 1135840 | 1137494 | 1139953 | T: mqdss48 |
| 1208467 | 1212990 | 1221124 | nccsign5aes |
| 863641? | 1255767? | 2600051? | haetae2 |
| 1267494 | 1268203 | 1269048 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 1352798 | 1369781 | 1387127 | T: donald2048 |
| 1448027 | 1455446 | 1467324 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 1512718 | 1517046 | 1528157 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 1512498 | 1517217 | 1527385 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 1513497 | 1519063 | 1523015 | T!!!dilithium3aes |
| 1147220? | 1787333? | 3407463? | haetae3 |
| 1267029? | 1813645? | 2932480? | T: qtesla1 |
| 1381379? | 2355375? | 3090062? | haetae5 |
| 2524326 | 2529489 | 2535991 | T!!!dilithium5aes |
| 2569151 | 2596778 | 2765423 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 2633139 | 2635122 | 2636724 | T: mqdss64 |
| 2723889 | 2732412 | 2789543 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 2928709 | 2934233 | 2940069 | T: edons128ref |
| 3297835 | 3299584 | 3308565 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 3830731 | 3842860 | 3880089 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 4009084 | 4010114 | 4011998 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 4599577 | 4631602 | 4650695 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 4940096 | 4979595 | 5042883 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 3894482? | 5724725? | 7552190? | T: qtesla3f |
| 6628010 | 6630006 | 6634362 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 7961989? | 9026799? | 10081659? | T: qtesla1p |
| 9455221 | 9467053 | 9474512 | T: 3icp |
| 5785087? | 9488132? | 13218598? | T: qtesla3s |
| 9598626 | 9599040 | 9599857 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 9651891 | 9661964 | 9670748 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 10055903 | 10349295 | 10412984 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 10909257 | 11159194 | 11259568 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 12474097 | 12487674 | 12527037 | T: sphincs256 |
| 12714555 | 12719662 | 12723546 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 13940660 | 14003748 | 14119210 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 14182850 | 14185134 | 14196203 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 18140090 | 18142637 | 18148241 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 18942577 | 19206141 | 19212052 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 13102079? | 21193063? | 27922550? | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 15364796? | 21707150? | 33102929? | T: ronald512 |
| 22462742 | 22488353 | 22837921 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 23152326 | 23203454 | 23262594 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 23195663 | 23233242 | 23279988 | T: luov4849242 |
| 23681921 | 23704356 | 23712562 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 25594930 | 25698772 | 25714855 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 24002580? | 26765170? | 30265454? | T: falcon512tree |
| 26947788 | 26974795 | 26984602 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 27105008 | 27108980 | 27134652 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 25965022? | 28604622? | 35203623? | T: falcon512dyn |
| 31689585 | 31754801 | 31858842 | T: luov863256 |
| 32763516 | 32783907 | 32852360 | T: tts6440 |
| 33137939 | 33144986 | 33169523 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 37625124 | 37631036 | 37646054 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 40562534 | 41260792 | 41299096 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 49135195 | 49183478 | 49524300 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 45145630? | 52238268? | 62744886? | T: qtesla3p |
| 53332732 | 53681834 | 53711422 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 41636466? | 58103430? | 88653755? | T: ronald768 |
| 64062085 | 64217524 | 64238556 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 69158317 | 69229409 | 69452439 | T: pflash1 |
| 70194315 | 70201384 | 70221293 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 71033196 | 71132375 | 71233063 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 72279578 | 72492624 | 73416451 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 73141500 | 73259359 | 73416206 | T: luov6468330 |
| 74233100 | 78547853 | 90399501 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 80606068 | 80693912 | 80769784 | T: redgemss128 |
| 84267320 | 84316097 | 84362605 | T: bluegemss128 |
| 78126363 | 85991827 | 96899748 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 86032483 | 86100348 | 86232721 | T: gemss128 |
| 91799499 | 91849118 | 91896559 | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 65133614? | 94044610? | 121667758? | T: ronald1024 |
| 95764542 | 95841179 | 95923989 | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 96595484 | 96634982 | 96689520 | T: gemss128v2 |
| 120900889 | 121079154 | 121284234 | T: luov890351 |
| 138267722 | 138351513 | 138492515 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 140061009 | 140500745 | 141124731 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 141919795 | 142655678 | 142737570 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 146436004 | 146746509 | 147098825 | T: luov8086399 |
| 155940483 | 156009114 | 157130173 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 169375872 | 169463197 | 169583408 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 201780127 | 201816239 | 201929222 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 211362626 | 211375479 | 211467849 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 218254340 | 218778510 | 219695590 | T: luov8117404 |
| 253927530 | 253977693 | 254033388 | T: sflashv2 |
| 309114832 | 309173307 | 309236030 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 310822206 | 310828980 | 310839011 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 390115481 | 390579341 | 412901219 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 405482864 | 405503175 | 405514753 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 414364326 | 414955100 | 415607164 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 406185055 | 421700722 | 426255159 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 424086105 | 424277855 | 425397261 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 330203892? | 436533522? | 635966797? | T: ronald1536 |
| 452203382 | 452403949 | 452471166 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 499984738 | 500746397 | 501180155 | T: redgemss192 |
| 512299201 | 512891859 | 513511243 | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 534147007 | 534276104 | 534926101 | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 536917880 | 537131123 | 537817212 | T: bluegemss192 |
| 542514329 | 542866366 | 543003469 | T: gemss192v2 |
| 561491629 | 561630759 | 561767596 | T: gemss192 |
| 584507676 | 584934228 | 585226388 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 586067343 | 586154826 | 589186474 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 594761524 | 595832886 | 596362642 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 603915968 | 604377921 | 607386844 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 769381904 | 769644129 | 769833822 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 858507963 | 858634840 | 858675002 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
| 1085388951 | 1088618935 | 1090874729 | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 1135504264 | 1135531490 | 1135867903 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 1136302577 | 1137948032 | 1137998126 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 1445047379 | 1445252476 | 1446742778 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 1453695091 | 1456609067 | 1457592229 | T: redgemss256 |
| 1562659504 | 1563294451 | 1566676620 | T: gemss256v2 |
| 1562653429 | 1567336262 | 1568074837 | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 1566986564 | 1570458029 | 1574097608 | T: bluegemss256 |
| 1579639626 | 1579701143 | 1579850937 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 1624456494 | 1626448024 | 1627026895 | T: gemss256 |
| 1139078601? | 1640666167? | 2389598156? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1870634755 | 1871186586 | 1872257224 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 3618837811? | 4755087164? | 6451180356? | T: ronald3072 |
| 4819689783 | 4925449873 | 5105495629 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 6601697872? | 10019567410? | 15291724658? | T: ronald4096 |
| 25265634215 | 25273795218 | 25280034756 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 50473246396 | 50474118269 | 50474733349 | T: gravitysphincsm |
|
| Cycles to sign 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 21492 | 21690 | 22121 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 35261 | 35576 | 36011 | T: tts6440 |
| 70920 | 71352 | 72194 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 78131 | 78673 | 78931 | ed25519 |
| 122169 | 123194 | 130336 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 121642 | 125108 | 133105 | T: sflashv2 |
| 148822 | 149412 | 150460 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 153927 | 154738 | 157416 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 200839 | 201199 | 202229 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 225424 | 225745 | 225992 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 291356 | 291781 | 293079 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 319484 | 328545 | 332650 | T: hector |
| 173336? | 344936? | 812397? | T: lattisigns512 |
| 489433 | 497016 | 502517 | T: ronald512 |
| 526349? | 546694? | 1063906? | T: pass769 |
| 544582 | 548968 | 551792 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 551183 | 552254 | 554876 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 599448 | 601979 | 604670 | T: donald1024 |
| 244186? | 759178? | 1136771? | T: 3icp |
| 782588 | 791607 | 798396 | T: falcon512tree |
| 399467? | 844675? | 1321456? | T: qtesla1 |
| 866709 | 869165 | 872054 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 880338 | 888209 | 893549 | T: ronald768 |
| 936768 | 938056 | 939586 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 435544? | 996854? | 1796200? | T: qtesla3f |
| 1042826 | 1045322 | 1049667 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 1123857 | 1131825 | 1135444 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 1126839? | 1134575? | 2094525? | nccsign1aes |
| 1164341 | 1169264 | 1175173 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 1199724 | 1205587 | 1215470 | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 857764? | 1219659? | 1315571? | nccsign1 |
| 1212444 | 1228410 | 1237763 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1262050 | 1264782 | 1268196 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 1257830 | 1270773 | 1275897 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 1269862 | 1272790 | 1276932 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 685756? | 1273766? | 1857823? | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 665157? | 1314729? | 1994320? | T: pass863 |
| 1353799 | 1368111 | 1387574 | T: donald2048 |
| 1478640 | 1481659 | 1484237 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 1531507 | 1536512 | 1557854 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 1576759 | 1583334 | 1603559 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 1584947 | 1587145 | 1588698 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 1584734 | 1589399 | 1594486 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 692392? | 1601869? | 2515094? | T: pflash1 |
| 1643872 | 1646009 | 1652196 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 854926? | 1764024? | 2957375? | T: qtesla1p |
| 1135602? | 1840347? | 3472371? | T: qtesla3s |
| 1456664? | 1858113? | 2829227? | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 1506344? | 2097735? | 3355104? | nccsign3aes |
| 1553057? | 2101619? | 2904762? | nccsign3 |
| 1042333? | 2213854? | 3487133? | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 2512498 | 2516138 | 2518244 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 1771256? | 2528575? | 3470215? | nccsign5 |
| 2548535 | 2562994 | 2572943 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 2649948 | 2652535 | 2654377 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 2137105? | 2663032? | 3437490? | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 2698016 | 2701726 | 2730870 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 2850798 | 2854722 | 2883743 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 2316260? | 3210458? | 4503785? | nccsign5aes |
| 2397814? | 3306389? | 5395241? | T!!!dilithium3aes |
| 3421720 | 3423677 | 3426091 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 3548127 | 3559023 | 3576472 | T: ronald1536 |
| 3752223? | 3770724? | 5679418? | T: edons128ref |
| 4037802 | 4047173 | 4063723 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 4052441 | 4055596 | 4069648 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 3739098? | 4522317? | 6839850? | T!!!dilithium5aes |
| 2503740? | 4763006? | 8187888? | haetae2 |
| 4845414 | 4900381 | 4933624 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 5137677 | 5177562 | 5221144 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 5257659 | 5260909 | 5289993 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 5511439 | 5514772 | 5516667 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 5804300 | 5813371 | 5821510 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 5834055 | 5849420 | 5872237 | T: ronald2048 |
| 5948321 | 5949346 | 5955029 | aimer128f |
| 6460081 | 6462647 | 6476539 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 5151643? | 7066082? | 11972126? | T: qtesla3p |
| 3841677? | 7292482? | 12453610? | haetae3 |
| 7891840 | 7895563 | 7898153 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 7973146 | 7980451 | 7987621 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 8284770 | 8288960 | 8292525 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 4739910? | 9011033? | 15365769? | haetae5 |
| 7830198? | 9140786? | 11644670? | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 9532368 | 9542791 | 9551786 | T: luov863256 |
| 8061707? | 9649938? | 11257254? | T: redgemss128 |
| 9856434 | 9860403 | 9864361 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 10542214 | 10592404 | 10697377 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 10968903 | 10972463 | 10975357 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 11584612 | 11641260 | 11676084 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 12956617 | 12960545 | 12964933 | crossrsdp128small |
| 12962145 | 12968917 | 12974741 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 13238227 | 13252976 | 13262493 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 14548249 | 14559750 | 14663274 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 14938968 | 14943009 | 14949529 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 15231659 | 15233906 | 15237943 | aimer192f |
| 15472085 | 15476124 | 15484946 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 16114276 | 16136782 | 16172468 | T: ronald3072 |
| 18976663 | 18997315 | 19051569 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 21707976 | 21715996 | 21722694 | crossrsdp192small |
| 23165251 | 23171445 | 23186985 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 23465383 | 23480711 | 23494377 | T: gravitysphincsm |
| 26127501 | 26139329 | 26148550 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 23341035? | 27671499? | 31790189? | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 27997925 | 28027134 | 28050329 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 28343210 | 28354200 | 28366632 | T: mqdss48 |
| 29611294 | 29707995 | 29737197 | aimer256f |
| 31019590 | 31086464 | 31114777 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 32459895 | 32478806 | 32490825 | T: luov890351 |
| 34628372 | 34671606 | 34720168 | T: ronald4096 |
| 29140550? | 35588260? | 46579117? | T: redgemss192 |
| 36779085 | 36834227 | 36879378 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 37546208 | 37643758 | 37685456 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 42025650 | 42033779 | 42063997 | crossrsdp256small |
| 40175453? | 45867080? | 54888643? | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 46153734 | 46203189 | 46225722 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 46901413 | 46912915 | 46931605 | aimer128s |
| 49734236 | 49798615 | 49839999 | T: luov4849242 |
| 55416937 | 55431624 | 55592014 | T: luov8117404 |
| 54611571? | 66700905? | 81564713? | T: redgemss256 |
| 82063014 | 82098168 | 82112715 | T: mqdss64 |
| 83744212 | 84115847 | 84362441 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 104922775 | 105848311 | 106122729 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 114961383 | 115046910 | 116990913 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 118797544 | 118953594 | 119408025 | aimer192s |
| 155030972 | 155225706 | 155310696 | T: luov6468330 |
| 177658759 | 177727857 | 177821555 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 209836623 | 209957694 | 210140646 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 226786713 | 226901437 | 227333640 | aimer256s |
| 233318355 | 233504291 | 234251873 | T: sphincs256 |
| 273260604 | 273576283 | 273873102 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 286792342 | 288570622 | 291254758 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 303451784 | 303643838 | 303860081 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 314876394 | 315939304 | 316274629 | T: luov8086399 |
| 279900013? | 335141615? | 391388778? | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 366180377 | 366367140 | 368417301 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 312462643? | 377077963? | 500262251? | T: bluegemss128 |
| 381917250 | 382556281 | 383025189 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 387537666 | 387719244 | 387886375 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 506531806 | 506766418 | 507367433 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 526536819 | 531749027 | 532211882 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 546005493 | 546394811 | 546926585 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 623759491 | 624408214 | 626214653 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 638913046 | 639190866 | 639428648 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 720246037 | 720863084 | 721446994 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 749166516 | 749781243 | 750131089 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 862043086 | 862326714 | 862610832 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 940529245 | 940915254 | 941764078 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 1054080550 | 1054164827 | 1054385092 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 1135720983 | 1136535576 | 1140747280 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 858453996? | 1197587370? | 1369098985? | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 1097375189? | 1366268831? | 1637865082? | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 1217876882? | 1461614214? | 1706023707? | T: bluegemss192 |
| 1515522110 | 1516190254 | 1517266841 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 1555251686 | 1555833468 | 1557031506 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 1658525496 | 1659267594 | 1661971314 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 1791525171? | 2149650539? | 2508484216? | T: gemss128v2 |
| 2233056414 | 2233456752 | 2234648631 | T: picnic2l5fs |
| 1942839634? | 2331701828? | 2732492023? | T: gemss128 |
| 2162741078? | 2594085260? | 3030594473? | T: bluegemss256 |
| 3145249133 | 3145415187 | 3145528465 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 4610065624 | 4610483086 | 4611106567 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 5371351558 | 5373901425 | 5375208785 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 5622437285 | 5622668626 | 5622974394 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 4629127536? | 6934515031? | 8095554466? | T: gemss192v2 |
| 7110803033 | 7120015552 | 7121703768 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 7674445628 | 7674673558 | 7674851142 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 8145283406 | 8149226810 | 8166087744 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 9624177365 | 9626004237 | 9626392067 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 9638925768? | 11578107531? | 13507383405? | T: gemss256v2 |
| 8285337402? | 11597750786? | 13256690079? | T: gemss192 |
| 12944844294 | 12946006557 | 12948004827 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 13882620404 | 13900326372 | 13962266821 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 13971417204 | 13971848337 | 13987083674 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 16625328469 | 16626352850 | 16640191248 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
| 15440068858? | 18533771165? | 24705607157? | T: gemss256 |
|
| Cycles to verify 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 9655 | 9822 | 10024 | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 18964 | 19109 | 19175 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 32616 | 33068 | 33332 | T: ronald768 |
| 33337 | 33533 | 34104 | T: ronald512 |
| 35734 | 35864 | 36009 | T: 3icp |
| 39455 | 39780 | 40222 | T: ronald1024 |
| 42733 | 42858 | 43067 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 45921 | 46932 | 47715 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 48326 | 48925 | 50948 | T: lattisigns512 |
| 54358 | 54551 | 54751 | T: tts6440 |
| 54862 | 55094 | 55474 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 56547 | 57053 | 57998 | T: ronald1536 |
| 79130 | 79566 | 80272 | T: ronald2048 |
| 116085 | 116375 | 116880 | T: sflashv2 |
| 115286 | 116539 | 117146 | T: falcon512tree |
| 117863 | 120151 | 122477 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 138239 | 138580 | 139551 | T: qtesla1 |
| 139676 | 140797 | 141989 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 140372 | 140888 | 141964 | T: ronald3072 |
| 222673 | 223836 | 224583 | T: ronald4096 |
| 225246 | 226824 | 228127 | ed25519 |
| 236146 | 237976 | 239349 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 247734 | 249238 | 252076 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 255404 | 265391 | 273153 | T: pflash1 |
| 274844 | 275050 | 275398 | haetae2 |
| 268302 | 278443 | 282742 | T: bluegemss128 |
| 272534 | 278606 | 286495 | T: gemss128 |
| 280357 | 281252 | 282022 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 276170 | 283968 | 289421 | T: redgemss128 |
| 277324 | 286085 | 297608 | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 293882 | 294609 | 295774 | T: qtesla3s |
| 299554 | 300619 | 301847 | T: qtesla3f |
| 298235 | 306169 | 313907 | T: gemss128v2 |
| 311931 | 315778 | 318650 | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 411541 | 411953 | 412247 | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 470411 | 473366 | 475069 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 474404 | 475030 | 476944 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 481689 | 481944 | 482723 | haetae3 |
| 479526 | 483607 | 487366 | T: donald1024 |
| 499153 | 510246 | 519419 | T: gravitysphincsm |
| 537351 | 540535 | 543851 | nccsign1 |
| 555864 | 556632 | 558564 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 598790 | 599543 | 600184 | haetae5 |
| 609187 | 629156 | 637775 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 645714 | 649084 | 652961 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 645559 | 656362 | 675947 | T: gemss192 |
| 646610 | 660157 | 675621 | T: bluegemss192 |
| 662778 | 665791 | 667415 | T: pass769 |
| 672296 | 672839 | 673232 | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 686059 | 688190 | 691565 | nccsign3 |
| 675805 | 688928 | 702135 | T: redgemss192 |
| 680062 | 689138 | 698357 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 701024 | 713003 | 731266 | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 720976 | 724453 | 726472 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 712208 | 731157 | 750632 | T: gemss192v2 |
| 734545 | 736322 | 738657 | T: qtesla1p |
| 737263 | 741789 | 746718 | nccsign1aes |
| 725818 | 743692 | 755000 | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 797197 | 800460 | 805908 | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 821757 | 825340 | 828806 | T: pass863 |
| 853905 | 856303 | 859379 | T: edons128ref |
| 853134 | 857033 | 865762 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 944172 | 961732 | 978860 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 960522 | 974182 | 983940 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 983485 | 990152 | 996276 | nccsign3aes |
| 995161 | 1002177 | 1006090 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 1107252 | 1107835 | 1108444 | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 1105935 | 1109851 | 1111670 | nccsign5 |
| 1273266 | 1285446 | 1306848 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 1283197 | 1288590 | 1299070 | T: hector |
| 1335870 | 1356652 | 1393606 | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 1360272 | 1392506 | 1413908 | T: gemss256v2 |
| 1394089 | 1400286 | 1410149 | T!!!dilithium3aes |
| 1395491 | 1414985 | 1439972 | T: gemss256 |
| 1407592 | 1431372 | 1447544 | T: redgemss256 |
| 1409344 | 1439881 | 1462434 | T: bluegemss256 |
| 1460241 | 1481165 | 1511296 | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 1491505 | 1501150 | 1526843 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 1500208 | 1504518 | 1512152 | nccsign5aes |
| 1568446 | 1569707 | 1570647 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 1542433 | 1570335 | 1591421 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 1590518 | 1599716 | 1617259 | T: donald2048 |
| 1681108 | 1682211 | 1684136 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 1686606 | 1687653 | 1690468 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 1948440 | 1974382 | 2009159 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 2059843 | 2061022 | 2062762 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 2148780 | 2167574 | 2184599 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 2157278 | 2173413 | 2209535 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 2240581 | 2247096 | 2253021 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 2267582 | 2296113 | 2345246 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 2407186 | 2416017 | 2441294 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 2450953 | 2456776 | 2462548 | T!!!dilithium5aes |
| 2833563 | 2835841 | 2839836 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 2942549 | 2959366 | 2983538 | T: sphincs256 |
| 2958498 | 2971530 | 2983996 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 3062177 | 3064684 | 3068550 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 3213193 | 3216756 | 3219053 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 3314483 | 3329902 | 3340200 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 3485686 | 3519463 | 3547745 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 3512162 | 3523453 | 3530942 | T: qtesla3p |
| 3474104 | 3538158 | 3622762 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 3593270 | 3594967 | 3596000 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 3696430 | 3728691 | 3770227 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 4208923 | 4211165 | 4216513 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 4269530 | 4276277 | 4278746 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 4286497 | 4292367 | 4294553 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 4839252 | 4842043 | 4845373 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 4943045 | 4947003 | 4949205 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 4989204 | 5116310 | 5318300 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 5258137 | 5274919 | 5322350 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 5533627 | 5535086 | 5537508 | aimer128f |
| 5470625 | 5559247 | 5646653 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 5570427 | 5599197 | 5639757 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 5990203 | 5991948 | 5993638 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 6360786 | 6363814 | 6366399 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 6940576 | 7118912 | 7250022 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 7244767 | 7381650 | 7447903 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 7391597 | 7495599 | 7611222 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 7561959 | 7569306 | 7573345 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 7595568 | 7598778 | 7601264 | T: luov863256 |
| 7788386 | 7792187 | 7805519 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 7795558 | 7799726 | 7807285 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 8659173 | 8666453 | 8669740 | crossrsdp128small |
| 8541591 | 8715443 | 8824621 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 8939607 | 8943083 | 8948949 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 8994941 | 8997856 | 9003709 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 9268360 | 9270662 | 9274416 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 9496931 | 9570340 | 9675601 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 9627976 | 9817327 | 9966536 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 9861188 | 10047405 | 10235722 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 10042833 | 10065789 | 10141551 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 11182355 | 11306597 | 11399764 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 12146981 | 12313273 | 12502602 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 13297080 | 13303022 | 13321529 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 13538774 | 13544771 | 13627149 | crossrsdp192small |
| 13876691 | 14049322 | 14201892 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 14195118 | 14197056 | 14199419 | aimer192f |
| 14194416 | 14332603 | 14453142 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 14371373 | 14555506 | 14747490 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
| 14915087 | 14941964 | 15024774 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 14966111 | 14974001 | 15041048 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 15410038 | 15414677 | 15423124 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 16840617 | 17162903 | 17422837 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 18935843 | 19316176 | 19571034 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 19477596 | 19619195 | 19799390 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 19851794 | 20087075 | 20313125 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 20073898 | 20244638 | 20488313 | T: mqdss48 |
| 20572787 | 20615552 | 20829124 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 21128273 | 21364092 | 21549625 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 22291021 | 22305146 | 22454019 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 23847328 | 23864028 | 23879304 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 23580835 | 24212790 | 24568440 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 24937662 | 24948863 | 24955372 | crossrsdp256small |
| 26557715 | 26573557 | 26929375 | T: luov890351 |
| 27709030 | 27724172 | 27794366 | aimer256f |
| 28516920 | 28883513 | 29183413 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 34285221 | 34307167 | 34426262 | T: luov4849242 |
| 38019924 | 38465809 | 38792282 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 38374589 | 38619128 | 38873559 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 41745068 | 42270350 | 42556361 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 46287967 | 46298896 | 46319433 | T: luov8117404 |
| 46396287 | 46407124 | 46422315 | aimer128s |
| 59018616 | 59825685 | 60335088 | T: mqdss64 |
| 90294767 | 90348646 | 90545171 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 90404799 | 90591076 | 91034164 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 93820626 | 93888573 | 94113890 | T: luov6468330 |
| 117893806 | 118094659 | 118569868 | aimer192s |
| 167253826 | 167385823 | 167566017 | T: luov8086399 |
| 182128825 | 182238000 | 182293176 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 204109333 | 204287546 | 207048552 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 204053232 | 219831451 | 223061459 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 225420904 | 226058839 | 226991764 | aimer256s |
| 411355875 | 411735245 | 412030508 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 727386542 | 728514999 | 728795490 | T: picnic2l5fs |
|
|
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