VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Haswell+AES (306c3); 2013 Intel Core i7-4770; 4 x 3400MHz; speed2supercop, supercop-20250307

[Page version: 20250328 20:58:00]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
247362477224892
T:
lattisigns512
411964129241516crossrsdpg128small
416364178442012crossrsdpg128balanced
417324184042224crossrsdpg128fast
494124951649612aimer128f
548525526055608aimer128s
57256?57424?102792?ed25519
636926409264724T!!!dilithium2aes
869408710887276crossrsdpg192balanced
870048714887372crossrsdpg192fast
869248717287344crossrsdpg192small
874008837689924
T:
ecdonaldp256
901609035690580crossrsdp128small
902729042090676crossrsdp128fast
910729130491608crossrsdp128balanced
951809540095816dilithium2
101740102380104016dilithium3aes
113536113608113772aimer192f
113476113684113988aimer192s
145836146140146668crossrsdpg256balanced
145968146160146504crossrsdpg256small
148440148848149312crossrsdpg256fast
158200159288161052dilithium5aes
172104172244172616dilithium3
171148173696174920
T:
ecdonaldp224
174156174324174548
T:
ed448goldilocks
208584208840209344crossrsdp192fast
208724208920209956crossrsdp192small
209728209952210260crossrsdp192balanced
242848244468245620
T:
pass769
266272266548267108dilithium5
265872271784284400
T:
hector
288412291496292636
T:
pass863
299032300424303584nccsign1
300444300752301700aimer256f
300508300936301676aimer256s
361068361692362136crossrsdp256small
362404362880363272crossrsdp256balanced
364852365240365636crossrsdp256fast
387240390248393052nccsign3
470244474368483308nccsign1aes
370628?602784?1222588?haetae2
618940622896628032nccsign3aes
623376626036631908nccsign5
645036648172661180
T:
donald1024
783672785304786764
T:
mqdss48
817008818444822592
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
459240?819008?1180640?haetae3
831264836692849672
T:
ecdonaldp160
889172889784902392
T:
ecdonaldp521
892100899512913944
T:
ecdonaldk163
904628906856915344
T:
ecdonaldb163
930724931472939176
T:
ecdonaldp384
961428967792974312nccsign5aes
100526810066121010028
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
102006410256241038172
T:
ecdonaldp192
864188?1173888?1925952?
T:
qtesla1
119365211964041206472
T:
ecdonaldk233
120905212210361223356
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
123454812400241255244
T:
ecdonaldb233
637160?1244744?2093900?haetae5
151064015300481546472
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
181191618129401821808
T:
mqdss64
197036019756481990104
T:
ecdonaldk283
206840020730602094708
T:
ecdonaldb283
214660821556602174448
T:
donald2048
270651627103442722188
T:
sphincs256
2713724?2929272?4015548?
T:
qtesla3f
316804031840683228188
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
326044832656443280216
T:
ecdonaldk409
326873232863283393516
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
346500434770483498388
T:
ecdonaldb409
410128041137124132552
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
464479246508524665252
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
554441255619965719164
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
4952172?6447800?7475240?
T:
qtesla1p
5259364?6557784?9127380?
T:
qtesla3s
703174870400287076004
T:
ecdonaldk571
755459275620047576084
T:
ecdonaldb571
833252883382368346132
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
833716484686248485916
T:
3icp
103619481043891210600848
T:
mqsignlr2567246
103194841044562410617208mqsignlr2567246
116644241172459611764568mqsignrr2567246
116703401172929211809368
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
117167081174222011765600
T:
mqsignrr2567246
124772401248616012517584
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
172447921726355217492092
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
173031561747612017525648
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
174465401751329217708472
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
12703568?18711272?22832448?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
188543641945618622439100
T:
falcon512dyn
186831202001460021769472
T:
falcon512tree
214238842144403621566440
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
261521242638167626538656
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
16949084?26583732?36761948?
T:
ronald512
286850882880508028832360
T:
tts6440
329357563295912833516820
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
31363176?36331252?43740440?
T:
qtesla3p
386180003893505239383764
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
456101924567325645918812
T:
mqsignlr25611272
457260284606237646719048mqsignlr25611272
488781364900296849052372
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
496925965002328851410252mqsignrr25611272
497614885074298452291744
T:
mqsignrr25611272
36639208?51277596?68820892?
T:
ronald768
521680845247061653166240
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
559929485672623257292536
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
573054765853908863343756
T:
falcon1024dyn
594937126042752062147736
T:
rainbow5640
576351646094900065965060
T:
falcon1024tree
651948446556507667447068
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
57860904?87645440?129761784?
T:
ronald1024
990316889923716499616176
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
100809464100851260100986828
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
101956764102217904103081036
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
106594788107008416107438460
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
109285808109695908110806512
T:
mqsignlr25614896
109679264110378652111512776mqsignlr25614896
119322564119497320119681540
T:
rainbow6440
139512900139871068140721764mqsignrr25614896
139462212140089904140666788
T:
mqsignrr25614896
148154700148214116148276100
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
153469780153532124153774096
T:
sflashv2
177019672177087392177313568
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
195288128195515468195842892
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
266294224266340072267034456
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
301049776301797468307655136
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
244676468?307768064?386813812?
T:
ronald1536
313828084314221100315628064
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
335177048336951672340823868
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
347588028347642104347698480
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
294232972?408968684?580959100?
T:
ronald2048
180156812818019403321803662700
T:
gravitysphincss
1617180076?2414405248?5004930996?
T:
ronald3072
3884064872?4970308444?7584271556?
T:
ronald4096
288306769842886269088829549413504
T:
gravitysphincsl
576146481645762446610857682917552
T:
gravitysphincsm
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
186161873619256
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
309603111231348
T:
tts6440
370403745638208
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
604966056460704ed25519
635926426879236
T:
rainbow5640
844288478088032
T:
rainbow6440
842168484485780
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
848448659288144
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
862249025694224
T:
sflashv2
910289271694448
T:
mqsignlr2567246
111392115060120936mqsignlr2567246
138144138628139032
T:
ecdonaldp256
133864142432145496
T:
mqsignrr2567246
157256164552165932mqsignrr2567246
182104182216182648
T:
ed448goldilocks
167040?240044?355244?T!!!dilithium2aes
259304260340263384
T:
ecdonaldp224
201604?261096?595248?dilithium3aes
269284271996277964
T:
mqsignlr25611272
288856295736306264
T:
hector
284324?311392?579628?
T:
pass769
193992?312260?498624?dilithium2
329884337356340884mqsignlr25611272
150060?361896?696556?
T:
3icp
226772?364116?583764?dilithium5aes
388892398044404116
T:
mqsignrr25611272
291024?400632?502396?dilithium3
402964404044411024
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
399668404184407468
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
399764404388420424
T:
falcon512tree
198824?448180?823112?
T:
lattisigns512
452108463596496460mqsignrr25611272
470312476972492136
T:
ronald512
197060?485456?918084?
T:
qtesla1
505976508524512240
T:
donald1024
417724?523396?677648?dilithium5
517340527616535788
T:
mqsignlr25614896
624680630852638216mqsignlr25614896
336460?667724?998976?
T:
pass863
683800?686252?997684?nccsign1
412480?743472?1164488?
T:
qtesla3f
750704756496774004
T:
mqsignrr25614896
753240759244764256
T:
falcon512dyn
790164800348809392
T:
ronald768
537072?839228?1278288?
T:
qtesla1p
835892848188882856
T:
falcon1024tree
846472852928877408mqsignrr25614896
893216902540921260
T:
ecdonaldp160
934852940912949348
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
954604959976967484
T:
ecdonaldk163
961420963388969120
T:
ecdonaldb163
965248972040979472
T:
rwb0fuz1024
107727210788521085428
T:
ecdonaldp192
106563610810721093712
T:
ronald1024
109603611016921103868
T:
ecdonaldp384
117019211740121184056
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
602272?1213092?2291376?
T:
qtesla3s
870516?1224472?2509364?nccsign3
896044?1238128?1567920?nccsign1aes
128486812863281286884crossrsdpg128fast
128400412915281312176
T:
ecdonaldk233
132065213289441336832
T:
ecdonaldb233
133828013389361345976
T:
ecdonaldp521
136046413653361378136
T:
donald2048
143740014416441448372aimer128f
154374815507761559252
T:
falcon1024dyn
1152676?1588068?2027540?nccsign3aes
1432940?2029800?2935868?nccsign5
1107036?2034060?3935528?haetae3
209025220935362104124
T:
ecdonaldk283
209848421001162107912crossrsdp128fast
218772421999522210804
T:
ecdonaldb283
1211116?2212836?4239864?haetae5
1401664?2369976?3339948?haetae2
1854112?2564160?3586440?nccsign5aes
284242828453642854388crossrsdpg128balanced
286248828769442892428
T:
ronald1536
301429630173643029408crossrsdpg192fast
338924833922243402000aimer192f
350513235229083564464
T:
ecdonaldk409
370206437131603731388
T:
ecdonaldb409
369870837138363730944
T:
ronald2048
402360840268724043092crossrsdp128balanced
2427844?4087392?6042652?
T:
qtesla3p
427478042802564294528crossrsdpg192balanced
477701647854804793800crossrsdp192fast
486179248712284891340
T:
mqdss48
501212850240445032176crossrsdpg256fast
555852455680725577224crossrsdpg128small
684386068544046864688crossrsdpg256balanced
689593669092966914344aimer256f
749658875172087560620
T:
ecdonaldk571
795665279632567969844crossrsdp128small
801300880291448175400
T:
ecdonaldb571
809334081052408115204crossrsdpg192small
850321285079888520160crossrsdp192balanced
854281285515288554560crossrsdp256fast
109549041095942010978124aimer128s
117268201198167212733800
T:
mqdss64
121477401215264812162252crossrsdpg256small
125420281255008412555312crossrsdp192small
127640201279781612905140
T:
ronald3072
137100121372676813791852
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
144587081447350414488316crossrsdp256balanced
147976401480415614831760
T:
gravitysphincss
230784442309233623100308crossrsdp256small
258264962585030426031432aimer192s
263039202634300026363668
T:
gravitysphincsm
269881042704866027296104
T:
ronald4096
295321202954750429579140
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
313702043140384031417200
T:
gravitysphincsl
353227443537458035452600
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
379616803798456438056108
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
462577204640906046527144
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
487705484881151248859684
T:
sphincs256
496431884965782449726232aimer256s
825713448331012484762756
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
843478728440800084478532
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
104835212105086580105497004
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
110477896110542196110702472
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
134488492134699980135769504
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
176934332177151904181239892
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
201267676203518608213515608
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
236066896236283760236423788
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
292215400292743100292989632
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
491021720491574708492449744
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
498215816499659464501591512
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
650170848652040152652514572
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
737097504737424896738170968
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
974276520978679232980557236
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
107989666810810291801082278796
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
153552732415362761761547563352
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
160892761616093633761611263348
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
237897412823822757682385011676
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
263410829226349342602651260212
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
336171385233810976323382147016
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
401687099240174555644018330132
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
548602654454868113165495740228
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
800080888232
T:
rwb0fuz1024
166241680416924
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
300403071231356
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
314323160031992
T:
ronald512
321443261633264
T:
ronald768
333283342433552
T:
3icp
332443440435440
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
357643589636060
T:
rainbow5640
380243822038744
T:
ronald1024
405964094841164
T:
lattisigns512
461684630446564
T:
rainbow6440
509685130051660
T:
ronald1536
512645166452148
T:
tts6440
677486811268708
T:
ronald2048
673687041682044mqsignlr2567246
689567193276000
T:
mqsignlr2567246
769287797678408
T:
falcon512tree
776007802878272T!!!dilithium2aes
832808334083544
T:
sflashv2
756808382487056mqsignrr2567246
74316?88980?93556?
T:
mqsignrr2567246
923489375694264
T:
falcon512dyn
101348101740102380
T:
qtesla1
107020107304109084dilithium2
107868110836113620
T:
gravitysphincss
114344115048115856
T:
ronald3072
114672115184116820dilithium3aes
134024134760135400haetae2
155360155988156656
T:
falcon1024tree
172116172816175184dilithium5aes
175100175372175672dilithium3
178404179164179832
T:
ronald4096
186568187268188560ed25519
186872187872188972
T:
falcon1024dyn
203228204232205208haetae3
205028205428206428
T:
qtesla3f
207108207588208568
T:
qtesla3s
208368212580216088
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
246892247676249108haetae5
276156283504290376dilithium5
290956297260308300
T:
mqsignrr25611272
291296297460306948
T:
mqsignlr25611272
290640307064334568mqsignlr25611272
296268310836351432mqsignrr25611272
341952342384342924
T:
ecdonaldp256
355840366856367672
T:
pass769
404328406288413100
T:
donald1024
430988432824434660nccsign1
421024432944448312
T:
pass863
447940457672470352
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
465864474256479400
T:
gravitysphincsm
481900482412483692
T:
ecdonaldp224
495204496276498116
T:
qtesla1p
543916546432549104nccsign3
576632584516607036mqsignrr25614896
579148585400588196nccsign1aes
577512586788610332
T:
mqsignrr25614896
575836590376611636
T:
mqsignlr25614896
590740592344601176
T:
ed448goldilocks
576372593540612688mqsignlr25614896
598036612972628388
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
615468626428634316
T:
gravitysphincsl
750120752736760984nccsign3aes
803216804600806264crossrsdpg128fast
893992896664900864nccsign5
907476917900934540
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
900532919576934776
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
911148921748929144
T:
ecdonaldp160
105724410619721073824
T:
ecdonaldp192
108791211007681122152
T:
hector
119389212009961205876nccsign5aes
121803212338761248404
T:
donald2048
125751212718161284884
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
128711212883881292000crossrsdp128fast
136513213717281380812
T:
sphincs256
141442414182401420088aimer128f
140428414211761440284
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
140380414217361441532
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
180601218107121820804
T:
ecdonaldk163
183499618382961850184
T:
ecdonaldb163
187270818769161882272crossrsdpg128balanced
190698419089401912728crossrsdpg192fast
196150819954722013956
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
208781221193402161492
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
227413222858962308768
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
230968423202122328892
T:
qtesla3p
241021224271842433288
T:
ecdonaldp384
238965224408482456312
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
245284024577722464588
T:
ecdonaldk233
252842025307522539596
T:
ecdonaldb233
253884425414282558228
T:
ecdonaldp521
280698428110482821688crossrsdpg192balanced
281012028121082825040crossrsdp128balanced
297870029806362988200crossrsdp192fast
312022031396963168956
T:
mqdss48
320467632103283218128crossrsdpg256fast
322426433074483393464
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
333661633428563348224aimer192f
341412434494523483760
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
371379637486803780244
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
374531237520843761212crossrsdpg128small
405718440739444090488
T:
ecdonaldk283
423862842589644290924
T:
ecdonaldb283
444524044517524460728crossrsdpg256balanced
472444048243644983664
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
531901253243685336288crossrsdp256fast
559960056107765621444crossrsdpg192small
577555257833925793148crossrsdp128small
596158859674885979516crossrsdp192balanced
624588063405006440984
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
631824464500446586412
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
675379267854247262572
T:
ecdonaldk409
678888468026966822320aimer256f
716302471751207189812
T:
ecdonaldb409
780647278550008586540
T:
mqdss64
799988081273168286124
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
821922482313728240848crossrsdpg256small
912172891338129143948crossrsdp192small
920613293394009455052
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
101682201017615210179980crossrsdp256balanced
104611041046800010480616
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
104655401054408410570852
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
108529801087138810885592aimer128s
124441081256980812698860
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
122758521258965212892112
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
127134721288418013076220
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
145276401455643614592236
T:
ecdonaldk571
148696161506118815425528
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
155708121558512415614228
T:
ecdonaldb571
168517201686110816870652crossrsdp256small
241169162432169224507824
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
250356242530894025588904
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
259557282606059226282084aimer192s
494443524961188849642896aimer256s
627310806281466062967496
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
630256766615324069373564
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
142152060142283688142414868
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
142674476142908916152321748
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664