VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Core 2 65nm (6fb); 2007 Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600; 4 x 2404MHz; margaux, supercop-20241022

[Page version: 20241215 22:59:18]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: old (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
705371177303picnicl1full
813682248556picnic3l1
9959997310074picnic3l3
99711004010231picnicl3full
131661323513389picnicl5full
131671326413383picnic3l5
170301722517371
T:
picnic2l1fs
175101759117726picnicl1ur
174581760517801picnicl1fs
314963165431874
T:
picnic2l3fs
322323230432389picnicl3ur
322213234732513picnicl3fs
418784202542285
T:
picnic2l5fs
430064311343515picnicl5fs
430644317543465picnicl5ur
102636103015103726ed25519
130721130761131088aimer128s
130753130907136167aimer128f
323388323510323764aimer192f
323417323721324903aimer192s
329400330098337311
T:
ed448goldilocks
394678406069419903
T:
hector
419949420293420627T!!!dilithium2
434485436584439730nccsign1
565179567227568455
T:
pass769
599126601969604448nccsign3
673450674801678064
T:
pass863
672168675726680473nccsign1aes
762321763402764532T!!!dilithium3
793527794127795944aimer256s
796332804331805801aimer256f
883688887309890160nccsign5
930661936223945143nccsign3aes
948652953519956341T!!!dilithium2aes
118118911828921193963T!!!dilithium5
133093313368561345837nccsign5aes
139792014001901402526
T:
mqdss48
819824?1433706?2381270?haetae2
172083017292471735822T!!!dilithium3aes
178705118063271835088
T:
donald2048
1327722?2161475?5016120?haetae5
1688152?2428852?3889085?haetae3
290894329155652921123T!!!dilithium5aes
2405852?3155803?3924443?
T:
qtesla1
323959132423583244078
T:
mqdss64
3950062?5754173?7572277?
T:
qtesla3f
7187791?9465093?14042850?
T:
qtesla3s
7957273?10332196?10376007?
T:
qtesla1p
110854891108621011087554
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
124073061241066312411721
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
152420731525193115264888
T:
sphincs256
162635121630386616314569
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
182284321825285318258870
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
210949692109563321097385
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
231817832322013123306548
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
250183772506094225098211
T:
luov4849242
250578592510939125146101
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
310100413101165531012714
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
325766713264527732688726
T:
luov863256
334999713358257233666221
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
363025483860239142007105
T:
falcon512dyn
361664633901588943987653
T:
falcon512tree
428599554291239242992853
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
439765314402030844734982
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
446536194467586244700695
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
447729054518636045573470
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
486959094873569848841440
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
42663111?49701290?60328829?
T:
qtesla3p
792448777935317879511205
T:
luov6468330
813235418133360881440252
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
907007149070481890737832
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
110100416116816321128093544
T:
falcon1024dyn
110790997121710462132621383
T:
falcon1024tree
121874062122023270122427829
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
122905441123084004123233316
T:
luov890351
148384696148609013148760187
T:
luov8086399
187291288187506704187713112mqsignlr2567246
218726164218807326218855941
T:
redgemss128v2
222214295222390563222630189
T:
luov8117404
237440908237713250237906138mqsignrr2567246
267006355267287206270268746
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
280695407281337439285213171
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
301697982301898696301978236
T:
bluegemss128v2
350477319350561189350796623
T:
gemss128v2
354810927354821808354824025
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
394071385394105716394266208
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
454889622455315735460156130
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
522958104524561750524953151
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
583076315583080657583909771
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
673120907673124086673238257
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
685749134685924671685927109
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
698950768699203251702277226mqsignlr25611272
710728385712857407719524948
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
737279421737362885739434254
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
749455551753421553753533667
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
773589179775083709775216887
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
906594244906853853906978040mqsignrr25611272
987872377987877067987880774
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
105708365910589490011068450927
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
108801964510880362161088124533
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
110582674711060124191106576239
T:
redgemss192v2
129864429713005976151300756126
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
141620886814341504791437839130
T:
redgemss128
145226917114522809011452308614
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
174698465217484906131751907722mqsignlr25614896
200867264520094386352010203895
T:
bluegemss192v2
205732848920649131142076235309
T:
bluegemss128
223269772222343189472236092388mqsignrr25614896
283795548028428641322846979975
T:
gemss128
500186833950241343395027123784
T:
redgemss256v2
602044184060442711886073639435
T:
bluegemss256v2
606207856760798370976167397154
T:
redgemss192
822385819082629186578292031585
T:
bluegemss192
806668840383051215898489651180
T:
pqrsa15
160116921461602843473216043618287
T:
redgemss256
211830409722120302946521286147140
T:
bluegemss256
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
368653706837564
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
796698131090930
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
113294113413113623ed25519
269149270149271899
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
278520279401280320
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
341047341509342212
T:
ed448goldilocks
426817435120451362
T:
hector
655800?688984?1941716?
T:
pass769
788092?819179?2336005?
T:
pass863
102598010325401038441
T:
falcon512tree
1081176?1085799?2130856?nccsign1
108869410959471100514
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
728565?1189043?2652189?
T:
qtesla1
118794111899661198379mqsignlr2567246
1372855?1381508?2924603?nccsign3
1095153?1468939?2736414?T!!!dilithium2
168505516952411702861
T:
falcon512dyn
1317856?1767991?2881141?T!!!dilithium2aes
179086318057631823932
T:
donald2048
1380765?1928733?2593559?nccsign1aes
1144808?1934992?3587280?
T:
qtesla3f
204590820491682051758mqsignrr2567246
206408620802042088042
T:
falcon1024tree
1593543?2096580?3581872?T!!!dilithium3
228441222948582309225
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
229361423054572320430
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
1767471?2497123?3219511?nccsign3aes
283324428502942876345
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
2102001?2947868?4939498?
T:
qtesla1p
2429588?3014346?3979523?T!!!dilithium5
319201232155993218854mqsignlr25611272
2251276?3222623?5398297?nccsign5
344176634521903464335
T:
falcon1024dyn
2718364?3658789?4971313?T!!!dilithium3aes
2817603?3949982?5067892?nccsign5aes
2240807?5064750?8633236?
T:
qtesla3s
509478051175895121680mqsignrr25611272
4321584?5296021?7774274?T!!!dilithium5aes
2965847?5657648?13770373?haetae2
626555462923446314583aimer128f
674070867443216748026mqsignlr25614896
4454280?8454924?16434844?haetae3
101990681021726910254921mqsignrr25614896
8618235?11360957?16453859?
T:
qtesla3p
113747451141296411426301
T:
luov863256
7934192?15306384?25143189?haetae5
159949041599984416215305aimer192f
184814121848443718494003picnicl1full
230688632312296423130656picnicl1fs
309442333097869130985999picnicl1ur
342191493426172934301706aimer256f
348807523491711434980436
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
353719363537392235375969picnicl3full
396439183965591239668728
T:
luov890351
493649874938635549433668aimer128s
539144915392891653938282picnicl3fs
543289155438513354418919
T:
luov4849242
555182935554769455592950picnicl5full
706853307072203170730016
T:
mqdss48
707048547086791371421635
T:
luov8117404
61357278?71571529?82438175?
T:
redgemss128
768577477689094276895696picnicl3ur
66517626?79161565?105126938?
T:
redgemss128v2
916055179161329091618332picnicl5fs
937584719378542793971397picnic3l1
122998688123038392123372720picnicl5ur
124656857124699693124765076aimer192s
122026491?153471525?190432361?
T:
redgemss192
158527437158682637158755847
T:
luov6468330
168323087?193130502?242796269?
T:
redgemss256
212547087212699058212804153picnic3l3
215332116215650021221077355
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
223026517225031846225150548
T:
mqdss64
205362355?247999221?291730894?
T:
redgemss192v2
261471817261536755261695864aimer256s
261437308261537268263045020
T:
pqrsa15
287202700287275000287362377
T:
sphincs256
341009062341079094341131033picnic3l5
351224353351337193351780427
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
358803229358972786380324440
T:
luov8086399
359895608?423154722?502215472?
T:
redgemss256v2
437026398437319706437759981
T:
picnic2l1fs
444390638444742557445040957
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
460069923460162777460364679
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
532189035532838124533271934
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
544884546547025613558412648
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
635524147635896158636236587
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
805015919805374248805922412
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
828636310829250422867078639
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
983130554983670385984497945
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
983660147985532075986581541
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
125253535012531856941253324930
T:
picnic2l3fs
132296226913255180231326135472
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
180199159418025853921803964547
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
237148366923739459142374746995
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
267478139026758776462690808093
T:
picnic2l5fs
2554537807?3069341853?3576654215?
T:
bluegemss128
2994581756?3594222399?4196587942?
T:
bluegemss128v2
530240228953025233965303262593
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
739511797174016380227402525549
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
6612966542?7940767580?9253086987?
T:
bluegemss192
820605332682073280448207687640
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
939403193393944596439395287797
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
8365195463?10035244590?11718901791?
T:
bluegemss256
111253502561112605023411126773967
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
9352740224?11229649968?13100297073?
T:
bluegemss192v2
117547883041176000228911763087585
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
126209226661262222667512638305625
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
148188045061482120251514823618776
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
165932037741659421639516621967580
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
15790818015?18928488927?22089462847?
T:
bluegemss256v2
191368241221913723958419137828138
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
208448767442085442798520862044717
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
19041678573?22861805170?26744025043?
T:
gemss128v2
19536796862?23445994203?27356549933?
T:
gemss128
298533671142985672098029861723274
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
330993342433670
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
661776858170475
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
852068705187944
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
147152149894153322
T:
falcon512tree
182324183419185870
T:
falcon512dyn
238722239124239633
T:
qtesla1
298602299533300851
T:
falcon1024tree
313079313372314128haetae2
365824367047368166
T:
falcon1024dyn
370866372690374899ed25519
391779399727410207
T:
bluegemss128v2
476532476954477228T!!!dilithium2
470282477076483614
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
489490490236491021
T:
qtesla3f
497016511063520955
T:
redgemss128v2
511549530707548180
T:
gemss128v2
556746557548558396haetae3
561322561710562312
T:
qtesla3s
670792673758677630nccsign1
697228697901698962haetae5
766733767015767547T!!!dilithium3
844312847368851276
T:
pass769
888326896762905313nccsign1aes
914821917447920755nccsign3
897847919623927074T!!!dilithium2aes
101475910180961021643
T:
pass863
111948311248281129812
T:
ed448goldilocks
119039711917451196768
T:
qtesla1p
120178812144761225008nccsign3aes
125925112596591260679T!!!dilithium5
131385713230251338210
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
138145513845751386978nccsign5
146710915055581530976
T:
redgemss192v2
158535015929181599306T!!!dilithium3aes
164350616771501694987
T:
hector
174910917842141835008
T:
bluegemss192v2
178030417866821792274nccsign5aes
201339720137942020372mqsignlr2567246
202902120299392035692mqsignrr2567246
210747321202272141747
T:
donald2048
280243428111092822421T!!!dilithium5aes
320166732398963360818
T:
bluegemss256v2
322739332928843381539
T:
redgemss256v2
361990036632453696775
T:
sphincs256
541266254219925425260mqsignrr25611272
541542754222925428042mqsignlr25611272
570679957282845739537
T:
qtesla3p
582249858251165903592aimer128f
574252258562086038971
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
769927278111438018168
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
855059186582518870669
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
952801795360389545134
T:
luov863256
954650595531929592388mqsignrr25614896
957854396073719618865mqsignlr25614896
110683641131452411401304
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
112622211152745711662821
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
111699301158687411816163
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
134414681348099813532375picnicl1full
139073891433686714451830
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
143042901460449514835889
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
149441241495488714963586aimer192f
158811381609953616219038
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
166138901697390717263851
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
177306101792320918149383
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
178784481793651617944580picnicl1fs
219308902216030422449346
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
219918142221092822465633
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
224269402271998122909566
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
225321972288292523097195
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
235535092365643423690156picnicl1ur
258511792585681825864582picnicl3full
264074252650427826723340
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
266837322683934327347590
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
273657202755225227954675
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
274196402784686028348569
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
295057763005267230270928
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
300272023028502030813659
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
320360413204247932048136aimer256f
334273333358218135528789
T:
gemss128
336462773369245033724304
T:
pqrsa15
333882533392645134385285
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
342136223427971634336797
T:
luov890351
343295663443085334926228
T:
bluegemss128
353115043548578236280107
T:
redgemss128
361789063618974036210758
T:
luov4849242
410187174105586141139932picnicl5full
425089114254328042579206picnicl3fs
439506454445681445188048
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
442124334465859245332649
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
489864234910288049340943aimer128s
509784265160798452540168
T:
mqdss48
534523365386023954548370
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
566307845713824457559715
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
592179575925221359350412picnicl3ur
615415376159210961615808
T:
luov8117404
730276317303600873174776picnicl5fs
794509147949915479754688picnic3l1
967356149675333196785732
T:
luov6468330
988475749888789699083659picnicl5ur
112703955113110790113494105
T:
bluegemss192
115762058116039528116301530
T:
redgemss192
123950709123978674124021064aimer192s
160196425160462797164323515
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
159106109161154472164499884
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
163365439164898823167307621
T:
mqdss64
177451776177554613177652201picnic3l3
219310174219511694219730643
T:
picnic2l1fs
219075335220014908250177327
T:
luov8086399
231188421231404980231656830
T:
redgemss256
231440736231681736231993721
T:
bluegemss256
259770242259930232260325711aimer256s
268877863268977712269104571picnic3l5
361058018361480614363930248
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
367220166377914549379548852
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
493831143494257795496388423
T:
picnic2l3fs
873415698876998981878495205
T:
picnic2l5fs