VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Core 2 65nm (6fb); 2007 Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600; 4 x 2404MHz; margaux, supercop-20240909

[Page version: 20241011 15:42:08]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: old (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
719473037466picnicl1full
810281728492picnic3l1
99801000410124picnicl3full
115541157711650picnic3l3
131251318613332picnicl5full
131871324113360picnic3l5
170301722517371
T:
picnic2l1fs
175071760517735picnicl1fs
175091767518674picnicl1ur
314963165431874
T:
picnic2l3fs
321223228632582picnicl3ur
322233233232500picnicl3fs
418784202542285
T:
picnic2l5fs
430084314843393picnicl5fs
430164319843403picnicl5ur
102668102868103167ed25519
130744130867131074aimer128s
130768130874131543aimer128f
323376323440323734aimer192f
323527323640323792aimer192s
329400330098337311
T:
ed448goldilocks
419892420171420659T!!!dilithium2
437962440191443704nccsign1
565179567227568455
T:
pass769
600987604922610516nccsign3
670212674729679896nccsign1aes
673450674801678064
T:
pass863
761904763167764200T!!!dilithium3
793472793810795714aimer256s
793748794307796365aimer256f
892523895955900313nccsign5
928936935976945853nccsign3aes
946773952230957838T!!!dilithium2aes
118074811814551183357T!!!dilithium5
132629913384341348735nccsign5aes
139792014001901402526
T:
mqdss48
169635717225831730589T!!!dilithium3aes
178705118063271835088
T:
donald2048
823273?1876791?3212429?haetae2
1329012?2443393?3272296?haetae5
290506929132322919853T!!!dilithium5aes
1691601?3153039?4990190?haetae3
2405852?3155803?3924443?
T:
qtesla1
323959132423583244078
T:
mqdss64
3950062?5754173?7572277?
T:
qtesla3f
7187791?9465093?14042850?
T:
qtesla3s
7957273?10332196?10376007?
T:
qtesla1p
110854891108621011087554
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
124073061241066312411721
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
152288411524737315261111
T:
sphincs256
162635121630386616314569
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
182284321825285318258870
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
210949692109563321097385
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
231817832322013123306548
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
250183772506094225098211
T:
luov4849242
250578592510939125146101
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
310100413101165531012714
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
325766713264527732688726
T:
luov863256
334999713358257233666221
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
363025483860239142007105
T:
falcon512dyn
361664633901588943987653
T:
falcon512tree
428599554291239242992853
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
436858624399779644509028
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
445667174468268644743661
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
446559764472357544806469
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
486959094873569848841440
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
42663111?49701290?60328829?
T:
qtesla3p
792448777935317879511205
T:
luov6468330
813235418133360881440252
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
907007149070481890737832
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
110100416116816321128093544
T:
falcon1024dyn
110790997121710462132621383
T:
falcon1024tree
121874062122023270122427829
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
122905441123084004123233316
T:
luov890351
148384696148609013148760187
T:
luov8086399
187166217187303133188321047mqsignlr2567246
218726164218807326218855941
T:
redgemss128v2
222214295222390563222630189
T:
luov8117404
237376677237538839238269329mqsignrr2567246
266825801268002298270533555
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
278699625279042010279989766
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
281779046282854730283478957
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
301697982301898696301978236
T:
bluegemss128v2
350477319350561189350796623
T:
gemss128v2
354810927354821808354824025
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
394071385394105716394266208
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
522958104524561750524953151
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
583076315583080657583909771
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
673120907673124086673238257
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
685749134685924671685927109
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
698750246699010694699172090mqsignlr25611272
711601162712231007713277957
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
737279421737362885739434254
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
751254695760901520763932211
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
773589179775083709775216887
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
906841565907964287910586851mqsignrr25611272
987872377987877067987880774
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
108801964510880362161088124533
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
110582674711060124191106576239
T:
redgemss192v2
128009295512816846021291352243
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
129864429713005976151300756126
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
141620886814341504791437839130
T:
redgemss128
145226917114522809011452308614
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
173851982317475001181752506728mqsignlr25614896
200867264520094386352010203895
T:
bluegemss192v2
205732848920649131142076235309
T:
bluegemss128
223016861022306908622231457177mqsignrr25614896
283795548028428641322846979975
T:
gemss128
500186833950241343395027123784
T:
redgemss256v2
602044184060442711886073639435
T:
bluegemss256v2
606207856760798370976167397154
T:
redgemss192
822385819082629186578292031585
T:
bluegemss192
806668840383051215898489651180
T:
pqrsa15
160116921461602843473216043618287
T:
redgemss256
211830409722120302946521286147140
T:
bluegemss256
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
368653706837564
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
796698131090930
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
112985113366113693ed25519
267909269236290148
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
269368270892274322
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
341047341509342212
T:
ed448goldilocks
655800?688984?1941716?
T:
pass769
788092?819179?2336005?
T:
pass863
102598010325401038441
T:
falcon512tree
1082732?1086661?1668033?nccsign1
109105910934541096341
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
113950011415321145328
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
118437911860071198448mqsignlr2567246
728565?1189043?2652189?
T:
qtesla1
1097101?1463295?2814018?T!!!dilithium2
168505516952411702861
T:
falcon512dyn
179086318057631823932
T:
donald2048
1378690?1927137?2477513?nccsign1aes
1144808?1934992?3587280?
T:
qtesla3f
204501420499212053162mqsignrr2567246
206408620802042088042
T:
falcon1024tree
1375799?2146634?2772579?nccsign3
1750987?2203241?3022427?T!!!dilithium2aes
228614622995992309508
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
1785196?2643075?4231608?nccsign3aes
1591839?2688833?3900651?T!!!dilithium3
2102001?2947868?4939498?
T:
qtesla1p
317970831953233215908mqsignlr25611272
2427291?3270856?4695745?T!!!dilithium5
344176634521903464335
T:
falcon1024dyn
2280249?3502324?5457617?nccsign5
2817787?3940248?5536963?nccsign5aes
2647071?4267285?5681366?T!!!dilithium3aes
2240807?5064750?8633236?
T:
qtesla3s
3570742?5096229?7769447?T!!!dilithium5aes
508253851207555165555mqsignrr25611272
609023560987426106037
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
624590162507576264723aimer128f
676553867864326809082mqsignlr25614896
4231282?6890632?10892808?haetae2
102264471024088910244968mqsignrr25614896
5496744?10401893?20185263?haetae5
4458781?10522461?16525579?haetae3
8618235?11360957?16453859?
T:
qtesla3p
113747451141296411426301
T:
luov863256
160023111600750216140608aimer192f
184390141852971918533970picnicl1full
230638682311726223142994picnicl1fs
310161503102155831026320picnicl1ur
341627263420561134260561aimer256f
346563623468696534732059
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
353571763537009335385273picnicl3full
396439183965591239668728
T:
luov890351
493947094960008949622505aimer128s
539051265391153653945140picnicl3fs
543289155438513354418919
T:
luov4849242
554742085551727855527245picnicl5full
706853307072203170730016
T:
mqdss48
707048547086791371421635
T:
luov8117404
61357278?71571529?82438175?
T:
redgemss128
769317947697035777006815picnicl3ur
66517626?79161565?105126938?
T:
redgemss128v2
915217639155436291574922picnicl5fs
936972179380477193832338picnic3l1
123022962123052655123091073picnicl5ur
124664294124702747125118672aimer192s
122026491?153471525?190432361?
T:
redgemss192
158527437158682637158755847
T:
luov6468330
168323087?193130502?242796269?
T:
redgemss256
212648113212737909212812049picnic3l3
215939401216562043218152715
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
223026517225031846225150548
T:
mqdss64
205362355?247999221?291730894?
T:
redgemss192v2
261035108261511454262112627aimer256s
261437308261537268263045020
T:
pqrsa15
287191922287334118287389636
T:
sphincs256
341187692341377831341450056picnic3l5
351224353351337193351780427
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
358803229358972786380324440
T:
luov8086399
359895608?423154722?502215472?
T:
redgemss256v2
437026398437319706437759981
T:
picnic2l1fs
444390638444742557445040957
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
460069923460162777460364679
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
532189035532838124533271934
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
530797362540114536543855868
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
635524147635896158636236587
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
805015919805374248805922412
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
828636310829250422867078639
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
983130554983670385984497945
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
983660147985532075986581541
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
125253535012531856941253324930
T:
picnic2l3fs
132296226913255180231326135472
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
180199159418025853921803964547
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
237148366923739459142374746995
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
267478139026758776462690808093
T:
picnic2l5fs
2554537807?3069341853?3576654215?
T:
bluegemss128
2994581756?3594222399?4196587942?
T:
bluegemss128v2
530240228953025233965303262593
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
739511797174016380227402525549
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
6612966542?7940767580?9253086987?
T:
bluegemss192
820605332682073280448207687640
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
939403193393944596439395287797
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
8365195463?10035244590?11718901791?
T:
bluegemss256
111253502561112605023411126773967
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
9352740224?11229649968?13100297073?
T:
bluegemss192v2
117547883041176000228911763087585
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
126209226661262222667512638305625
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
148188045061482120251514823618776
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
165932037741659421639516621967580
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
15790818015?18928488927?22089462847?
T:
bluegemss256v2
191368241221913723958419137828138
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
208448767442085442798520862044717
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
19041678573?22861805170?26744025043?
T:
gemss128v2
19536796862?23445994203?27356549933?
T:
gemss128
298533671142985672098029861723274
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
330993342433670
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
661776858170475
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
846238591987965
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
147152149894153322
T:
falcon512tree
182324183419185870
T:
falcon512dyn
238722239124239633
T:
qtesla1
298602299533300851
T:
falcon1024tree
312872313172313436haetae2
365824367047368166
T:
falcon1024dyn
371283373554376061ed25519
391779399727410207
T:
bluegemss128v2
471728475133477610
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
476610476983477378T!!!dilithium2
489490490236491021
T:
qtesla3f
497016511063520955
T:
redgemss128v2
511549530707548180
T:
gemss128v2
557398558015558562haetae3
561322561710562312
T:
qtesla3s
669690672103673707nccsign1
697352698126698776haetae5
766752767586773305T!!!dilithium3
844312847368851276
T:
pass769
885333888664893262nccsign1aes
910138916706926290T!!!dilithium2aes
916518918037920684nccsign3
101475910180961021643
T:
pass863
111948311248281129812
T:
ed448goldilocks
119039711917451196768
T:
qtesla1p
119594512023151212604nccsign3aes
125906512595011260144T!!!dilithium5
131680813238531334647
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
139099213937801397062nccsign5
146710915055581530976
T:
redgemss192v2
158313715899521595552T!!!dilithium3aes
174910917842141835008
T:
bluegemss192v2
177794817862401797693nccsign5aes
201089720117162018319mqsignlr2567246
202881620292842035144mqsignrr2567246
210747321202272141747
T:
donald2048
280341828141282823018T!!!dilithium5aes
320166732398963360818
T:
bluegemss256v2
322739332928843381539
T:
redgemss256v2
360522336503493681141
T:
sphincs256
541633654227245429152mqsignlr25611272
541467654241665428666mqsignrr25611272
570679957282845739537
T:
qtesla3p
583350358362745843229aimer128f
574252258562086038971
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
769927278111438018168
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
855059186582518870669
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
952801795360389545134
T:
luov863256
956831995737319604360mqsignlr25614896
955305795903739606679mqsignrr25614896
110683641131452411401304
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
112622211152745711662821
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
111699301158687411816163
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
134279661344542513560829picnicl1full
139073891433686714451830
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
143042901460449514835889
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
149380251494429114963181aimer192f
158811381609953616219038
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
166138901697390717263851
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
177306101792320918149383
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
178596551793364717939220picnicl1fs
219308902216030422449346
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
219918142221092822465633
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
224269402271998122909566
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
225321972288292523097195
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
235583682365843923682072picnicl1ur
258487602585121825953812picnicl3full
262418622627973626299664
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
263710212640535726614552
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
273657202755225227954675
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
274196402784686028348569
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
295057763005267230270928
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
300272023028502030813659
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
320321573205991632083834aimer256f
334273333358218135528789
T:
gemss128
336462773369245033724304
T:
pqrsa15
333882533392645134385285
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
342136223427971634336797
T:
luov890351
343295663443085334926228
T:
bluegemss128
353115043548578236280107
T:
redgemss128
361789063618974036210758
T:
luov4849242
410394934109152741152853picnicl5full
425318084255796442592244picnicl3fs
439506454445681445188048
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
442124334465859245332649
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
489472594898219849090069aimer128s
509784265160798452540168
T:
mqdss48
534523365386023954548370
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
566307845713824457559715
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
591199805918683559291585picnicl3ur
615415376159210961615808
T:
luov8117404
730110277302495373167707picnicl5fs
794495367947278579507012picnic3l1
967356149675333196785732
T:
luov6468330
988544769887153698893243picnicl5ur
112703955113110790113494105
T:
bluegemss192
115762058116039528116301530
T:
redgemss192
124152229124195136124338194aimer192s
159831622159968113160796589
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
160623663160815438160997797
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
163365439164898823167307621
T:
mqdss64
176998861177088812177204875picnic3l3
219310174219511694219730643
T:
picnic2l1fs
219075335220014908250177327
T:
luov8086399
231188421231404980231656830
T:
redgemss256
231440736231681736231993721
T:
bluegemss256
260220289260358518260607040aimer256s
268904238269057480269171619picnic3l5
361820664364208671371484939
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
359855172372845793374214458
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
493831143494257795496388423
T:
picnic2l3fs
873415698876998981878495205
T:
picnic2l5fs