VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Coffee Lake (806ea); 2018 Intel Core i3-8109U; 2 x 3000MHz; like, supercop-20250415

[Page version: 20250425 10:21:21]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
264512652626577
T:
lattisigns512
409644113041377crossrsdpg128small
410024115541457crossrsdpg128balanced
411334125541475crossrsdpg128fast
447944494145066T!!!ed25519
457204578845954aimer128f
486024878249092dilithium2aes
524015259552750aimer128s
662216646667624
T:
ecdonaldp256
772157739277791dilithium3aes
784887875179013T!!!dilithium2
854328559885939crossrsdpg192fast
855558567986005crossrsdpg192balanced
856888578886124crossrsdpg192small
915399172992030crossrsdp128small
916689181792404crossrsdp128balanced
916939185792346crossrsdp128fast
114645116031116277aimer192f
117686118006118328dilithium5aes
118347118453118732aimer192s
143755144096144567T!!!dilithium3
145956146127146415crossrsdpg256small
146045146218146904crossrsdpg256fast
146100146218146541crossrsdpg256balanced
148903149600157522
T:
ecdonaldp224
152289152547152803
T:
ed448goldilocks
176675178190179919nccsign1aes
209264209564209909crossrsdp192small
209594209889210292crossrsdp192fast
209598209976210393crossrsdp192balanced
214644215464217334
T:
pass769
218937219173219529dilithium5
231531233844236025nccsign1
241346245579263582
T:
hector
246705248600249809nccsign3aes
257234258924260140
T:
pass863
275058275443275976aimer256f
304552306345307907nccsign3
329161329564330582aimer256s
364215364421365133crossrsdp256fast
362883364495367156nccsign5aes
364453364806365175crossrsdp256small
365332365717366543crossrsdp256balanced
280706?431961?882572?haetae2
447506452023456304
T:
donald1024
470411473322477246nccsign5
703152704921707817
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
746976747573751261
T:
ecdonaldp521
767300775835783053
T:
ecdonaldp160
775960776543784491
T:
ecdonaldp384
810397813398819011
T:
ecdonaldk163
837137840089843221
T:
ecdonaldb163
838848840350841954
T:
mqdss48
863036865515867560
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
926774929064933748
T:
ecdonaldp192
447828?929873?1431276?haetae3
102407910266261029636
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
668149?1071862?1730932?haetae5
108589810948161104045
T:
ecdonaldk233
111937511222131129261
T:
ecdonaldb233
128020312845931289068
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
137794513875101395767
T:
donald2048
1217426?1620504?2391938?
T:
qtesla1
180647518094291814635
T:
ecdonaldk283
189668318992321907804
T:
ecdonaldb283
194803219512081954466
T:
mqdss64
229934623035072309949
T:
sphincs256
282665328358202847633
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
298231929902582996690
T:
ecdonaldk409
314431631498083155859
T:
ecdonaldb409
348493334872603489123
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
2677942?3937787?5191941?
T:
qtesla3f
402646140300084032512
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
4002192?4071740?7872852?
T:
qtesla3s
596542759788576022801
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
647995064910666507850
T:
ecdonaldk571
5441778?6878097?7623678?
T:
qtesla1p
694371969512796962341
T:
ecdonaldb571
729704573062107325947mqsignlr2567246
730382873143327325885
T:
mqsignlr2567246
731463373172337322430
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
768851776990207712884
T:
3icp
968555797112559727361mqsignrr2567246
973915697446769762971
T:
mqsignrr2567246
103613971039190010440718
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
108933081089678310901589
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
8922950?13106451?22758544?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
158182781584138115858988
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
160302301603580616051441
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
160394531605776016098764
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
165404871661825716896913
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
183306181882188620314153
T:
falcon512dyn
185332011923859421241524
T:
falcon512tree
16600546?20577208?30776987?
T:
ronald512
221218952213177822150669
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
275658082760642128138578
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
280039102806829928195506
T:
tts6440
286420592864721628655185
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
25949729?30816347?38075062?
T:
qtesla3p
327182473273582933572721
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
347058933476939634841731mqsignlr25611272
347527093479734934834188
T:
mqsignlr25611272
408891544090413340935394
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
410859494113946141227122mqsignrr25611272
411103144117692541283359
T:
mqsignrr25611272
448560004489239245285101
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
454896524629639546907785
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
42388057?50704372?83648301?
T:
ronald1024
524553815250790252533671
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
544270085545740755668028
T:
rainbow5640
38352619?57912564?78380151?
T:
ronald768
571247225966186463553705
T:
falcon1024dyn
567722236011076465648866
T:
falcon1024tree
838256108606033186904286
T:
mqsignlr25614896
842759378671732987192446mqsignlr25614896
868545278692748587007946
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
928345529304130393374848
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
945547519506122497226551
T:
rainbow6440
9903612199511515100914603
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
117872949118229457118685569
T:
mqsignrr25614896
117854186118430629118770527mqsignrr25614896
127877604127912179128110210
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
191273079191339457191433167
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
202063711202102440202140451
T:
sflashv2
234654698234714835241615662
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
255968816256055195256082180
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
270935368271567019274450785
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
198055236?287823751?421009348?
T:
ronald1536
287734077287976455288302602
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
290779664290878883291015801
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
349453579349656737349780059
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
265333401?377083415?460770341?
T:
ronald2048
458296806458427181460157221
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
109431116910944589401096886579
T:
gravitysphincss
1028566376?1627529533?2223405057?
T:
ronald3072
2121730190?3672553830?5293077247?
T:
ronald4096
170254788371702965201017037298155
T:
gravitysphincsl
350073416713501587311935027962672
T:
gravitysphincsm
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
163511666917348
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
293852969029988
T:
tts6440
343523624037569
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
473994751447595T!!!ed25519
548835630956996
T:
rainbow5640
750417780181342
T:
rainbow6440
827188392785259
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
861388696789020
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
957179741699111
T:
mqsignlr2567246
96867100356110749
T:
sflashv2
109431109626109916
T:
ecdonaldp256
118480120820122850mqsignlr2567246
132123134294135500
T:
mqsignrr2567246
155378156674158440mqsignrr2567246
159918160205160424
T:
ed448goldilocks
107192?168841?263635?dilithium2aes
109507?179267?269925?dilithium3aes
113004?186694?263055?T!!!dilithium2
233330234040234844
T:
ecdonaldp224
249627251618253179
T:
mqsignlr25611272
264413271419286215
T:
hector
162171?305074?352465?dilithium5aes
303427305492307696mqsignlr25611272
322384?325267?484240?nccsign1aes
270766?338847?565868?T!!!dilithium3
269327?350277?603489?dilithium5
187155?371696?722599?
T:
3icp
380214381763383705
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
379943383902387234
T:
donald1024
382699386122388585
T:
mqsignrr25611272
385784?390706?569003?nccsign1
122850?393160?679480?
T:
lattisigns512
406636410999415557
T:
falcon512tree
142857?430477?767888?
T:
qtesla1
427697432605441126
T:
ronald512
220455?439253?656857?
T:
pass769
434647439572441590mqsignrr25611272
493956496678500882
T:
mqsignlr25614896
519169520960524639
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
270634?530670?820813?
T:
pass863
589703594952597844mqsignlr25614896
435649?650015?1044262?nccsign3aes
307998?691802?1163683?
T:
qtesla3f
717434722165728429
T:
ronald768
719144724945732005
T:
rwb0fuz1024
717765725041727782
T:
mqsignrr25614896
775275780602784967
T:
falcon512dyn
782600?788622?1087082?nccsign5
809598816579822845
T:
falcon1024tree
815011820477825324mqsignrr25614896
816729821588827641
T:
ecdonaldp160
863603867839874236
T:
ecdonaldk163
862591876867887189
T:
ronald1024
878428880870883584
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
888373890113891608
T:
ecdonaldb163
635062?902429?1696747?haetae2
911538915198924355
T:
donald2048
658502?916361?1291494?nccsign5aes
932951933290933942
T:
ecdonaldp384
715342?933887?1416090?nccsign3
979075982502985677
T:
ecdonaldp192
783135?1051291?2093696?
T:
qtesla1p
115317211566321161301
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
116778311699271172719
T:
ecdonaldp521
116757311713051175847
T:
ecdonaldk233
120548712093451214265
T:
ecdonaldb233
123841012393521240477crossrsdpg128fast
126814012690911281546aimer128f
786270?1337283?1784696?
T:
qtesla3s
954087?1353343?2931918?haetae3
157110415762771584041
T:
falcon1024dyn
1013750?1832955?3884591?haetae5
191195719144981917177
T:
ecdonaldk283
200322720059452013195
T:
ecdonaldb283
206371020648202066937crossrsdp128fast
230291523396392401717
T:
ronald1536
267887026797922682740crossrsdpg128balanced
280257328042532805963crossrsdpg192fast
310901731125773122993aimer192f
320258132070763214078
T:
ecdonaldk409
337426533893533419007
T:
ecdonaldb409
342055434320523456393
T:
ronald2048
393889139408813943668crossrsdp128balanced
402714840294294031879crossrsdpg192balanced
2536896?4156612?6003133?
T:
qtesla3p
463024146314814635232crossrsdpg256fast
475001747530864755700crossrsdp192fast
522232852302725252479
T:
mqdss48
528743852908185293919crossrsdpg128small
633975763435706353086crossrsdpg256balanced
654648865477196551570aimer256f
691940869257386944939
T:
ecdonaldk571
736827373778407388515
T:
ecdonaldb571
761298176213287654377crossrsdpg192small
784509278493367892851crossrsdp128small
837398583772968385774crossrsdp192balanced
843289584364128442621crossrsdp256fast
869159189312088976773
T:
ronald3072
873301890473989095492
T:
gravitysphincss
958078895833819676927aimer128s
112748571128125411289922crossrsdpg256small
124346771244096812447347crossrsdp192small
124630121251643812561095
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
127755981311627913476445
T:
mqdss64
144266521442955814434208crossrsdp256balanced
157175451573163315747743
T:
gravitysphincsm
177904741788027818495495
T:
ronald4096
187559601876903218782010
T:
gravitysphincsl
230622742307553123109466crossrsdp256small
232304282323570723252017aimer192s
247109852473708624766121
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
297688682980372229823854
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
322402263226712732292703
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
389023053893282538966631
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
411938044123731541469812
T:
sphincs256
472702754728472347328429aimer256s
712611257131200871357486
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
752938327537781475548216
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
909952899118908491408996
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
131762051131918926132024058
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
169425873169569666169672717
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
187614736187994698188746135
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
228945369229181248229539997
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
303152408303505431306772329
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
377103942377305608377396976
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
406446534408028133408261068
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
527443723527818597528611623
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
619104203619516144620221208
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
651090344651571302651918473
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
757556198757714093758843309
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
890198418890427812890717631
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
129354888612941939551305105401
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
205434977420552567632067410884
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
313660141131371173573138029624
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
350822505635100400593597063797
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
436378302643649157494388679055
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
534359973953440436095349682469
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
727272969472751354567277586788
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
704271437282
T:
rwb0fuz1024
141001418014325
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
211632124521497
T:
3icp
255392586026171
T:
rainbow5640
265792762928627
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
295643012930932
T:
rainbow6440
303083061131106
T:
ronald512
311963137131651
T:
ronald768
324713268133345
T:
tts6440
351593540635760
T:
ronald1024
393824029741294
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
424004293543436
T:
lattisigns512
449144536945844
T:
ronald1536
580435860359361
T:
ronald2048
607946103961196dilithium2aes
707227300774783
T:
gravitysphincss
781367823178479
T:
sflashv2
797318073681720
T:
falcon512tree
805228163582393
T:
mqsignrr2567246
816788266183522mqsignrr2567246
810588317885563
T:
mqsignlr2567246
822548510786839mqsignlr2567246
873808754287826dilithium3aes
883538854188749T!!!dilithium2
929239351593993
T:
ronald3072
947609542695867
T:
qtesla1
99945101218102448
T:
falcon512dyn
119937120312120915haetae2
130234130576130860dilithium5aes
140507141055142147
T:
ronald4096
144297144482145427T!!!dilithium3
162840163881164894
T:
falcon1024tree
164956165809166535T!!!ed25519
182189184636187259
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
186044186697187311haetae3
193548194028194659
T:
qtesla3f
193738194266194977
T:
qtesla3s
200647202040204005
T:
falcon1024dyn
220747221850223691nccsign1aes
221865222394223034haetae5
226705227342227800dilithium5
259898260367261091
T:
ecdonaldp256
263360264583266427nccsign1
283774288048293644
T:
gravitysphincsm
287352288727290080
T:
pass769
294148295523297664nccsign3aes
293726295943297838
T:
mqsignlr25611272
295508297613299201
T:
mqsignrr25611272
296219297900298907mqsignlr25611272
296459298783300740mqsignrr25611272
296404300150303930
T:
donald1024
343281345416347521nccsign3
343573345804348045
T:
pass863
372555376115378047
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
380769388818393230
T:
gravitysphincsl
425613426153426795
T:
ecdonaldp224
442079443554444930nccsign5aes
446453447112450545
T:
qtesla1p
481685489225494100
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
507674508993510427
T:
ed448goldilocks
525080527813531061nccsign5
569505577455584382
T:
mqsignlr25614896
573553580464587279mqsignrr25614896
573933581123587917
T:
mqsignrr25614896
578885582124585863mqsignlr25614896
739234754483769541
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
747601755933767299
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
761420762300763075crossrsdpg128fast
792166802886811578
T:
donald2048
827441834867840170
T:
ecdonaldp160
961750966460975090
T:
ecdonaldp192
9778749912281006989
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
101638810264831030838
T:
hector
110606211193901127769
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
112965911452471152382
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
117543011831561193469
T:
sphincs256
123965412405221244782aimer128f
127773112788281280119crossrsdp128fast
161682516321141648192
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
164414116470051649771
T:
ecdonaldk163
164614916734821687168
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
170115617034691707682
T:
ecdonaldb163
178269817834171784854crossrsdpg192fast
178902017906951792426crossrsdpg128balanced
187247518828641902619
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
187090018899041909149
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
202662120291242044517
T:
ecdonaldp384
214275721489382157855
T:
qtesla3p
216760321697902172669
T:
ecdonaldp521
223290422358472238981
T:
ecdonaldk233
230253723057912332187
T:
ecdonaldb233
263860126408872643836crossrsdpg192balanced
268623227194922749549
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
277944027816422785554crossrsdp128balanced
292692929281782930135crossrsdp192fast
298239929837962986180crossrsdpg256fast
305424630624283063398aimer192f
314916631732843204982
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
334115333591433377753
T:
mqdss48
327433333777123461066
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
358504435876223592509crossrsdpg128small
370601937094673713225
T:
ecdonaldk283
388809838940003902767
T:
ecdonaldb283
419415141966964197945crossrsdpg256balanced
496992050797845157385
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
517232251746605179331crossrsdp256fast
530098853059025315120crossrsdpg192small
578250757876305790576crossrsdp128small
585611658587265864169crossrsdp192balanced
618611061895326193828
T:
ecdonaldk409
644409364482966451305aimer256f
651785465222776529479
T:
ecdonaldb409
650757566344286732477
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
646102966619346748765
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
780016878030317807426crossrsdpg256small
811573082226658314718
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
870619890099069127550
T:
mqdss64
900098490169399023870crossrsdp192small
948700594985679524356
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
945847995312169602441aimer128s
952905496788499889287
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
9832373985268010250181
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
100661951007089710075531crossrsdp256balanced
126533041278456313052274
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
130835161317410313279658
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
134142901342560013458414
T:
ecdonaldk571
133091121343282213542794
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
143299501434469714436587
T:
ecdonaldb571
156736571605988316285536
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
166391821664336216649192crossrsdp256small
230941132310780423134247aimer192s
251963802546279625740304
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
257664132602891526357651
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
468163334683465246879690aimer256s
574998145752964459812880
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
575128495758069657728591
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
128761361128796249129095416
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
132524341132595994133278248
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664