Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Tremont (906c0); 2021 Intel Celeron N4500; 2 x 1100MHz; jasper2, supercop-20250922
[Page version: 20251028 08:35:44]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key signature systems:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to sign a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to open a signed short message,
i.e., to verify a (larger) signed message and recover the original short message.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Space for a signature on a 0-byte message.
- Space for a signature on a 23-byte message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus 23 bytes.
- Space for a signature on a long message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus the message length.
For signature systems that support "message recovery",
the space for a signature on a long message
is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements,
the median of many speed measurements,
the third quartile of many speed measurements, and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each signature system and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new signature systems
and new implementations of existing signature systems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
NISTPQC graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, picnic3l1, picnic3l3, picnic3l5, picnicl1fs, picnicl1full, picnicl1ur, picnicl3fs, picnicl3full, picnicl3ur, picnicl5fs, picnicl5full, picnicl5ur, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 11315 | 11392 | 11522 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 22432 | 22512 | 22743 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 27656 | 27728 | 27903 | T: picnic2l5fs |
| 49991 | 50108 | 50330 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 49994 | 50424 | 51181 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 50053 | 50433 | 51267 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 79225 | 79606 | 80413 | ed25519 |
| 98055 | 98669 | 113386 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 105260 | 105421 | 105775 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 105348 | 105530 | 105914 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 105427 | 105561 | 106186 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 98839 | 113204 | 113536 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 98747 | 113294 | 113622 | crossrsdp128small |
| 125379 | 125465 | 125719 | aimer128s |
| 125537 | 125759 | 126177 | aimer128f |
| 146328 | 147302 | 150905 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 178392 | 178854 | 179110 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 178768 | 178882 | 179335 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 178961 | 179034 | 179538 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 227583 | 245978 | 260930 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 227456 | 260498 | 260971 | crossrsdp192small |
| 227804 | 260686 | 261311 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 273244 | 275229 | 279231 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 284050 | 284414 | 285290 | aimer192s |
| 284508 | 284893 | 285439 | aimer192f |
| 294033 | 299697 | 311666 | T: hector |
| 304032 | 304705 | 305464 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 356210 | 356887 | 357390 | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 374055 | 375629 | 376663 | T: pass769 |
| 375226 | 377942 | 381299 | nccsign1 |
| 403350 | 403602 | 463625 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 403171 | 404192 | 463451 | crossrsdp256small |
| 402901 | 404193 | 463163 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 449819 | 451156 | 452169 | T: pass863 |
| 490850 | 493506 | 495992 | nccsign3 |
| 557449 | 561716 | 565873 | nccsign1aes |
| 665623 | 666878 | 667742 | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 685596 | 686035 | 687913 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 716120 | 724472 | 809023 | nccsign3aes |
| 723465 | 725772 | 727527 | aimer256s |
| 724879 | 726263 | 726894 | aimer256f |
| 769047 | 772484 | 774754 | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 777566 | 781632 | 784872 | nccsign5 |
| 802352 | 803491 | 808058 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 819557 | 822211 | 827995 | T: donald1024 |
| 828832 | 835445 | 851382 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 863944 | 868998 | 877056 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 917780 | 921174 | 924649 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 942495 | 946814 | 955568 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 946298 | 949506 | 956420 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 997020 | 998087 | 999267 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 1038466 | 1042325 | 1047156 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 1093266 | 1093729 | 1095012 | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 1108619 | 1114712 | 1122380 | nccsign5aes |
| 1223702 | 1225567 | 1227523 | T: mqdss48 |
| 1254447 | 1257946 | 1265173 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 1253976 | 1258482 | 1264265 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 1288457 | 1293256 | 1297872 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 690467? | 1402813? | 2709243? | haetae2 |
| 1411819 | 1416735 | 1429147 | T!!!dilithium3aes |
| 1125721? | 1836637? | 3508335? | haetae5 |
| 1158413? | 2076081? | 4785750? | haetae3 |
| 2093708 | 2098296 | 2106683 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 2190642 | 2193899 | 2199198 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 2364047 | 2373480 | 2401073 | T!!!dilithium5aes |
| 2456809 | 2462463 | 2466346 | T: edons128ref |
| 2834132 | 2836639 | 2840588 | T: mqdss64 |
| 2830074 | 2838041 | 2848694 | T: donald2048 |
| 2197386? | 2888482? | 3580008? | T: qtesla1 |
| 3470738 | 3479366 | 3494607 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 3652824 | 3661766 | 3675868 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 3879470 | 3898490 | 3921123 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 4198504? | 6154882? | 10075628? | T: qtesla3f |
| 6676169 | 6677491 | 6680383 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 7703783 | 7796529 | 7993012 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 8212609 | 8237453 | 8308708 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 8464833 | 8487207 | 9720536 | T: qtesla1p |
| 9799497 | 9806094 | 9812041 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 9819917 | 9822399 | 9823468 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 9944978 | 9959126 | 9964894 | T: 3icp |
| 6725080? | 11012636? | 15340493? | T: qtesla3s |
| 12996791 | 13000310 | 13006771 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 13491752 | 13515956 | 13573592 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 14361445 | 14365275 | 14369135 | T: sphincs256 |
| 14533101 | 14538067 | 14541900 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 18810216 | 18817953 | 18829010 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 19259295 | 19262541 | 19390075 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 14942854? | 21377950? | 32907883? | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 21577265 | 21581319 | 21732339 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 17511154? | 22147057? | 27578945? | T: ronald512 |
| 22255234 | 22323274 | 22354668 | T: luov4849242 |
| 25569902 | 25582749 | 25633290 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 25830635 | 25836216 | 25840775 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 25513831 | 25895183 | 25999657 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 26864112 | 27038372 | 27729784 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 27277039 | 27517031 | 27722257 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 27928640 | 27938911 | 27945145 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 25925989 | 28098413 | 30216539 | T: falcon512tree |
| 25964872 | 28279910 | 32196560 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 30616115 | 30680517 | 30817707 | T: luov863256 |
| 30954839 | 31019005 | 31095154 | T: tts6440 |
| 31857302 | 31942979 | 31991724 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 38052338 | 38062369 | 38072801 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 40241231 | 40259543 | 40313879 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 43690918 | 43711600 | 43753719 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 44607796? | 52239628? | 71055751? | T: qtesla3p |
| 59651725 | 59749615 | 59977823 | T: pflash1 |
| 45410207? | 64319061? | 85722200? | T: ronald768 |
| 67323803 | 67343168 | 67384277 | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 67240270 | 67643170 | 68181992 | T: luov6468330 |
| 69961144 | 70027884 | 70946319 | T: rainbowbinary16242020 |
| 71716653 | 71765905 | 71777985 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 73831524 | 73843450 | 73855958 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 77177208 | 77193991 | 77268646 | T: gemss128 |
| 77176166 | 77331714 | 77707838 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 79057500 | 79076620 | 79110140 | T: bluegemss128 |
| 80972409 | 80993675 | 81168758 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 78296910 | 82935214 | 88423649 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 80962607 | 86757115 | 93311579 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 90179302 | 90263480 | 90488172 | T: redgemss128 |
| 62998910? | 90341598? | 126907321? | T: ronald1024 |
| 107277773 | 110943807 | 111595493 | T: luov890351 |
| 119228064 | 119248084 | 119291038 | T: gemss128v2 |
| 122905354 | 122931925 | 123060074 | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 126583670 | 127161671 | 132245725 | T: luov8086399 |
| 128967899 | 129853483 | 140138561 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 151462460 | 153426715 | 154679955 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 155725497 | 155888198 | 155961800 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 160508897 | 163034953 | 163801368 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 162236753 | 163457352 | 164924766 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 200332559 | 200462337 | 200632165 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 194537454 | 202512854 | 203806666 | T: luov8117404 |
| 212462763 | 212558561 | 212663349 | T: sflashv2 |
| 214987356 | 215020339 | 215191924 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 282640937 | 283484479 | 283785480 | T: redgemss192 |
| 288022099 | 288585350 | 289657008 | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 289632686 | 290473564 | 290893162 | T: gemss192v2 |
| 291111118 | 292630406 | 292709766 | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 313884833 | 313955379 | 314011356 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 314542220 | 314669675 | 314712199 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 270513632? | 351230465? | 534198530? | T: ronald1536 |
| 378275158 | 378344251 | 378452871 | T: gemss192 |
| 381409550 | 381754124 | 381959531 | T: bluegemss192 |
| 413438320 | 413517971 | 413685613 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 417139464 | 417326009 | 417366979 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 426388061 | 426755300 | 430724085 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 449295759 | 458009039 | 461505545 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 463696047 | 463803306 | 463899987 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 601882193 | 602121816 | 602207735 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 601270337 | 602917638 | 611352999 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 612029387 | 612536978 | 612897745 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 613735157 | 613975892 | 614090871 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 617135092 | 617254690 | 617322725 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 697135294 | 697363393 | 702120723 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 788799353 | 789242635 | 789643164 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 583326751? | 809208726? | 1139548279? | T: ronald2048 |
| 822141284 | 823737741 | 828208098 | T: redgemss256 |
| 814454126 | 831539907 | 835176215 | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 890337744 | 890735954 | 891340436 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
| 1141133450 | 1142351232 | 1143135938 | T: gemss256 |
| 1146412300 | 1147188197 | 1157909435 | T: bluegemss256 |
| 1148180675 | 1148221920 | 1148508246 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 1179956842 | 1180172224 | 1180413169 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 1258286841 | 1258618976 | 1258930802 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 1294302219 | 1294504985 | 1296887927 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 1551548640 | 1552554756 | 1554009879 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 1958002815 | 1959496469 | 1960814326 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 2138242912 | 2145938561 | 2153125889 | T: gemss256v2 |
| 2160042669 | 2179198483 | 2195268709 | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 2677626996? | 3685020497? | 4654954775? | T: ronald3072 |
| 5096494397 | 5178559851 | 5355391517 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 5581241871? | 8670259849? | 12580253416? | T: ronald4096 |
| 18835403524 | 18843046831 | 18843421027 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 37670444756 | 37686647526 | 37688874186 | T: gravitysphincsm |
|
| Cycles to sign 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 18382 | 18817 | 19457 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 30479 | 30712 | 30892 | T: tts6440 |
| 46800 | 47221 | 48173 | T: rainbowbinary16242020 |
| 73159? | 74060? | 106716? | T: rainbow5640 |
| 88605 | 88764 | 88934 | ed25519 |
| 97459 | 98284 | 100151 | T: sflashv2 |
| 98795 | 103339 | 106236 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 161768 | 162642 | 164741 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 169266 | 171066 | 173424 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 209045 | 209823 | 211079 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 314603 | 315098 | 315468 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 308741 | 315274 | 332215 | T: hector |
| 378174 | 378583 | 379742 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 452602 | 456953 | 464644 | T: ronald512 |
| 597866 | 600152 | 602581 | T: donald1024 |
| 225256? | 637821? | 946750? | T: 3icp |
| 703137 | 705730 | 709282 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 742939 | 747690 | 751888 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 743347 | 751838 | 757097 | T: falcon512tree |
| 835855 | 843524 | 848449 | T: ronald768 |
| 366205? | 900053? | 1634084? | T: pflash1 |
| 904925? | 910051? | 1391346? | nccsign1 |
| 469402? | 929302? | 1393317? | T: pass769 |
| 938253 | 944656 | 952136 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 985557 | 990829 | 996688 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 1000172 | 1002257 | 1004008 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 1012769 | 1014977 | 1017466 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 567405? | 1109159? | 1700846? | T: pass863 |
| 1111394 | 1117219 | 1122637 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 889155? | 1188654? | 2259228? | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 1211677 | 1225163 | 1233233 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1241761 | 1249523 | 1254916 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 1284146 | 1290534 | 1302706 | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 1363057 | 1368598 | 1378397 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 1392822 | 1398930 | 1409959 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 1057389? | 1407243? | 2350277? | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 1451130 | 1457324 | 1462620 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 1474962 | 1487511 | 1497287 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 1506187 | 1509976 | 1514085 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 794613? | 1536834? | 2517065? | T: qtesla1 |
| 1129158? | 1574351? | 1664566? | nccsign1aes |
| 1069474? | 1628823? | 2192886? | nccsign3 |
| 1629886 | 1632760 | 1641681 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 1702210 | 1704084 | 1709018 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 1735979 | 1741585 | 1751775 | T: donald2048 |
| 1130774? | 1832704? | 2512172? | T: qtesla3f |
| 1837212? | 1847596? | 2787031? | nccsign5 |
| 1311381? | 2040890? | 3115300? | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 1412932? | 2086616? | 3903487? | nccsign3aes |
| 1205897? | 2139247? | 3555611? | T: qtesla1p |
| 2240018 | 2245394 | 2251198 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 2312548 | 2317018 | 2325662 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 2331266 | 2334487 | 2339553 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 2489759 | 2490633 | 2492285 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 2528044 | 2536428 | 2547692 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 1642695? | 2723044? | 4918424? | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 2803028 | 2811210 | 2816814 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 2214675? | 3180029? | 4430836? | T!!!dilithium3aes |
| 3339963 | 3346893 | 3357625 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 3357752 | 3368740 | 3380334 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2306177? | 3392130? | 4331738? | nccsign5aes |
| 3681217 | 3688482 | 3696507 | T: edons128ref |
| 3767488 | 3775728 | 3781151 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 3955094 | 3966454 | 3979684 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 4072185 | 4081640 | 4090207 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 2482381? | 4135032? | 8534455? | T: qtesla3s |
| 3469652? | 4164485? | 4859640? | T!!!dilithium5aes |
| 4465648 | 4473525 | 4477935 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 4074182? | 4737086? | 5893426? | T: redgemss128 |
| 5272208 | 5275354 | 5304543 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 2744968? | 5289248? | 12818499? | haetae2 |
| 5720906 | 5723197 | 5727749 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 4970007? | 5792169? | 6691158? | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 5889966 | 5892689 | 5900612 | aimer128f |
| 5958076 | 5973390 | 5989206 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 5970280 | 5993840 | 6010190 | T: ronald2048 |
| 4185929? | 6165680? | 13680862? | haetae3 |
| 6307901 | 6347466 | 6362998 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 5123045? | 7461796? | 19065276? | haetae5 |
| 7821069 | 7823762 | 7825751 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 7892160 | 7925749 | 7937782 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 8269549 | 8292226 | 8320258 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 8767966 | 8778024 | 8793644 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 9084155 | 9096004 | 9106068 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 9318910 | 9325026 | 9378316 | T: luov863256 |
| 10347039 | 10349738 | 10357121 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 10350290 | 10357882 | 10363395 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 7549130? | 10395733? | 14226505? | T: qtesla3p |
| 10453102 | 10457101 | 10460031 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 10045113? | 11915057? | 13834201? | T: redgemss192 |
| 12608859 | 12623098 | 12760887 | crossrsdp128small |
| 11367329? | 13549551? | 15372418? | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 13564046 | 13569633 | 13574020 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 13887372 | 13899923 | 13920565 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 14170851 | 14187291 | 14230647 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 14429204 | 14435477 | 14450780 | aimer192f |
| 14794158 | 14801236 | 14805760 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 16440063 | 16491017 | 16556654 | T: ronald3072 |
| 18090096 | 18116295 | 18126172 | T: gravitysphincsm |
| 20850244 | 21102727 | 21142804 | crossrsdp192small |
| 21439785 | 21461644 | 21492045 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 21470464 | 21538671 | 22349501 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 19615844? | 23112870? | 26421255? | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 17147341? | 23132026? | 25910942? | T: redgemss256 |
| 24131818 | 24192004 | 24531818 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 24241223 | 24260471 | 24469147 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 24311083 | 24330270 | 24370357 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 29113762 | 29142587 | 29178271 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 29749543 | 29795572 | 29823686 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 30064528 | 30072619 | 30081799 | aimer256f |
| 31575471 | 31680281 | 31834312 | T: luov890351 |
| 34587277 | 34628360 | 34646328 | T: mqdss48 |
| 35239890 | 35291034 | 35338209 | T: ronald4096 |
| 38244562 | 38324545 | 38434416 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 39531079 | 39569574 | 39596088 | crossrsdp256small |
| 46066986 | 46097503 | 46140797 | T: luov4849242 |
| 46594505 | 46620010 | 46674251 | aimer128s |
| 55315649 | 55380552 | 55467018 | T: luov8117404 |
| 103007064 | 103074285 | 103258484 | T: mqdss64 |
| 112765113 | 112788018 | 112988151 | aimer192s |
| 129859644 | 130822748 | 134103539 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 143155734 | 144623677 | 145755566 | T: luov6468330 |
| 146808891 | 147962051 | 176721096 | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 145750717? | 175084453? | 230387416? | T: bluegemss128 |
| 204654677 | 204770629 | 204835907 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 210200027 | 210280211 | 210442112 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 231286804 | 231357201 | 231576701 | aimer256s |
| 269155475 | 270219381 | 270420885 | T: sphincs256 |
| 278483541 | 278665684 | 278739087 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 287184146 | 289104862 | 291177635 | T: luov8086399 |
| 309887257 | 310026932 | 310254062 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 318709602 | 320120676 | 322412447 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 326744963 | 326850666 | 326975831 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 389716414 | 389925519 | 390111424 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 315666649? | 393878140? | 613952403? | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 399423089 | 399672598 | 399920227 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 403371753 | 404159695 | 404338804 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 498229401 | 498399737 | 498715383 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 451703563? | 528461094? | 606373210? | T: bluegemss192 |
| 535859422 | 536027609 | 536248529 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 566290604 | 566751795 | 567210119 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 629912314 | 630126745 | 630414171 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 614346174? | 737948609? | 873533539? | T: bluegemss256 |
| 745032174 | 745497391 | 745937757 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 630820040? | 768671875? | 1017129468? | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 871745452 | 871953081 | 872485343 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 900167818 | 900626796 | 900931109 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 902188002 | 902699427 | 903265812 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 912442115? | 914383422? | 1279190011? | T: gemss128v2 |
| 903148382? | 1084105564? | 1267908227? | T: gemss128 |
| 1193996686 | 1194514757 | 1198773273 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 1236518612 | 1237023672 | 1237270723 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 1588468141 | 1589295000 | 1589702903 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 1726989865 | 1727448595 | 1728037509 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 1810582560 | 1811044583 | 1811311340 | T: picnic2l5fs |
| 2127273726 | 2128152780 | 2131428603 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 2611611819? | 2673019372? | 3740877276? | T: gemss192v2 |
| 2539120894? | 3047377542? | 4047111433? | T: gemss192 |
| 3192714105 | 3193440435 | 3193981181 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 4678601202 | 4678849872 | 4680135996 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 4396587701? | 5285605587? | 6167726625? | T: gemss256 |
| 4408609500? | 5290415878? | 7021231721? | T: gemss256v2 |
| 5386053909 | 5389094394 | 5389538530 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 5786746403 | 5787223838 | 5788526463 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 7325949399 | 7327125497 | 7328262568 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 7812756247 | 7814298926 | 7815872057 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 8375055127 | 8375896942 | 8376850461 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 9807543172 | 9808487942 | 9809389297 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 10644433286 | 10649812817 | 10691897616 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 13076129182 | 13087772650 | 13088387729 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 14273857708 | 14275608288 | 14282485881 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 14549168920 | 14550064724 | 14555219978 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 17189907485 | 17190705504 | 17192128239 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
| 18731090185 | 18739319314 | 18741250799 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
|
| Cycles to verify 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 9898 | 10025 | 10113 | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 15269 | 15744 | 16781 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 28799 | 29055 | 29424 | T: ronald512 |
| 30423 | 31194 | 31620 | T: 3icp |
| 33037 | 33370 | 33631 | T: ronald768 |
| 37131 | 37683 | 38524 | T: rainbowbinary16242020 |
| 38286 | 38574 | 38827 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 39368 | 40082 | 40548 | T: ronald1024 |
| 47389 | 47826 | 48481 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 51346 | 51649 | 52070 | T: tts6440 |
| 51046 | 52197 | 52715 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 54973 | 55171 | 56044 | T: ronald1536 |
| 76064 | 76818 | 77539 | T: ronald2048 |
| 78189 | 79734 | 81401 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 81811 | 82085 | 82983 | T: sflashv2 |
| 108054 | 110217 | 110912 | T: falcon512tree |
| 133876 | 135519 | 136485 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 135087 | 136122 | 136963 | T: ronald3072 |
| 200093 | 210168 | 216335 | T: pflash1 |
| 214926 | 215807 | 217130 | T: ronald4096 |
| 220542 | 220931 | 222061 | T: qtesla1 |
| 219780 | 221390 | 222128 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 259324 | 259510 | 259946 | haetae2 |
| 260062 | 263206 | 270105 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 275473 | 276292 | 277199 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 285680 | 287393 | 288987 | ed25519 |
| 301539 | 307728 | 314631 | T: bluegemss128 |
| 302598 | 311152 | 318054 | T: gemss128 |
| 316137 | 320315 | 326704 | T: gravitysphincsm |
| 320641 | 330171 | 334979 | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 323057 | 330396 | 339792 | T: gemss128v2 |
| 324481 | 330438 | 336580 | T: redgemss128 |
| 322847 | 333826 | 339919 | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 402732 | 402907 | 403273 | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 427740 | 428313 | 429432 | T: qtesla3f |
| 426364 | 430009 | 437946 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 461477 | 461787 | 462327 | haetae3 |
| 464443 | 477549 | 484353 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 479632 | 483595 | 487930 | T: donald1024 |
| 499223 | 499653 | 501047 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 514645 | 516535 | 520312 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 521715 | 522602 | 524152 | T: qtesla3s |
| 568520 | 571178 | 573243 | nccsign1 |
| 571208 | 573969 | 581923 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 581093 | 581993 | 582671 | haetae5 |
| 593257 | 595050 | 597289 | T: pass769 |
| 654922 | 655508 | 656495 | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 669990 | 692821 | 707993 | T: gemss192 |
| 674519 | 695356 | 718197 | T: bluegemss192 |
| 693711 | 697145 | 700163 | nccsign3 |
| 696594 | 698248 | 700590 | T: pass863 |
| 690645 | 700704 | 716696 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 687101 | 706769 | 732452 | T: gemss192v2 |
| 703024 | 719373 | 744952 | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 729493 | 733951 | 740013 | nccsign1aes |
| 720982 | 736364 | 752835 | T: redgemss192 |
| 721118 | 738815 | 761338 | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 748512 | 752304 | 756932 | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 735300 | 753438 | 774208 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 769226 | 770917 | 775125 | T: qtesla1p |
| 824950 | 826058 | 827326 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 838204 | 844209 | 851666 | T: edons128ref |
| 894184 | 899395 | 904488 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 926613 | 933135 | 942516 | nccsign3aes |
| 1035522 | 1043396 | 1050114 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 1063646 | 1067564 | 1069993 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 1078827 | 1089280 | 1107814 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 1155633 | 1156014 | 1157307 | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 1171899 | 1174922 | 1178858 | nccsign5 |
| 1183649 | 1197509 | 1214366 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 1298625 | 1303752 | 1317199 | T: hector |
| 1308852 | 1317526 | 1320444 | T!!!dilithium3aes |
| 1480113 | 1488283 | 1500686 | nccsign5aes |
| 1493615 | 1497515 | 1499742 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 1472546 | 1508726 | 1541763 | T: gemss256 |
| 1494803 | 1532826 | 1558871 | T: bluegemss256 |
| 1506115 | 1540864 | 1565744 | T: redgemss256 |
| 1550638 | 1566106 | 1578495 | T: donald2048 |
| 1546194 | 1571446 | 1588399 | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 1558557 | 1588166 | 1620900 | T: gemss256v2 |
| 1595042 | 1595905 | 1597582 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 1553289 | 1597046 | 1637188 | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 1608043 | 1608859 | 1610495 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 1703297 | 1722253 | 1742322 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 1735945 | 1764158 | 1794924 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 1857348 | 1862912 | 1865295 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 1921132 | 1929597 | 1941803 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 1978381 | 1992507 | 1996190 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 2288009 | 2300681 | 2315088 | T!!!dilithium5aes |
| 2582276 | 2586418 | 2591152 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 2646820 | 2652200 | 2656043 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 2809363 | 2821816 | 2827725 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 2916277 | 2941410 | 2956909 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 3153480 | 3157784 | 3177880 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 3322057 | 3335891 | 3347750 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 3418642 | 3446524 | 3468769 | T: sphincs256 |
| 3436248 | 3472187 | 3487679 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 3551637 | 3617715 | 3706954 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 3829054 | 3839740 | 3849572 | T: qtesla3p |
| 4051529 | 4066316 | 4080171 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 4316373 | 4324444 | 4335188 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 4502712 | 4509471 | 4521622 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 4616191 | 4624628 | 4632135 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 4633495 | 4642006 | 4645414 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 4624721 | 4648318 | 4723374 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 4654632 | 4745559 | 4848082 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 5117693 | 5215491 | 5371583 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 5492209 | 5501691 | 5610915 | aimer128f |
| 5575743 | 5630993 | 5728256 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 6250651 | 6253440 | 6256969 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 6289294 | 6292393 | 6296826 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 7107730 | 7241686 | 7410002 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 7238926 | 7246884 | 7256026 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 7386104 | 7491600 | 7605856 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 7592485 | 7600069 | 7606336 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 7531756 | 7671282 | 7809627 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 7708539 | 7714533 | 7717844 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 7827012 | 7828617 | 7830718 | T: luov863256 |
| 8330349 | 8364789 | 8394354 | crossrsdp128small |
| 8496177 | 8506042 | 8560272 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 8594776 | 8618400 | 8634970 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 8391165 | 8637293 | 8849468 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 8645066 | 8662759 | 8675602 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 8603735 | 8747124 | 8848891 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 8830028 | 8891517 | 8971182 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 10062132 | 10169848 | 10292892 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 10286917 | 10416988 | 10737783 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 11429498 | 11620137 | 11781525 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 12398197 | 12695562 | 12788493 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 12775258 | 13042441 | 13099437 | crossrsdp192small |
| 13394472 | 13403674 | 13407401 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 13453057 | 13461534 | 13476154 | aimer192f |
| 14156617 | 14265595 | 14375395 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 14429318 | 14531087 | 14645862 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 14441483 | 14623663 | 14818493 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 14738781 | 14751861 | 14801412 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 15003071 | 15212458 | 15479368 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
| 15999103 | 16043705 | 16085709 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 16990455 | 16999843 | 17050670 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 17329671 | 17371580 | 18162566 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 17309732 | 17486986 | 17707464 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 17538216 | 17597510 | 17820066 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 19185009 | 19532462 | 19825779 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 19972515 | 20200975 | 20427498 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 20138714 | 20379067 | 20601291 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 21976097 | 22295652 | 22561216 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 23954303 | 23990283 | 24015004 | crossrsdp256small |
| 24369832 | 24625541 | 24899030 | T: mqdss48 |
| 24583005 | 24970744 | 25500301 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 26705042 | 26981988 | 27221005 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 26872885 | 27173388 | 27530422 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 27460071 | 27468876 | 27544043 | T: luov890351 |
| 27625193 | 27638137 | 27667896 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 28061419 | 28069992 | 28092751 | aimer256f |
| 28971279 | 29152582 | 29304245 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 32329905 | 32363950 | 32473742 | T: luov4849242 |
| 39133635 | 39465841 | 39793802 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 39458967 | 39840400 | 40207105 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 43626125 | 44073357 | 44508386 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 46268170 | 46293739 | 46305011 | aimer128s |
| 48271189 | 48301242 | 48389042 | T: luov8117404 |
| 50580323 | 50928463 | 51288040 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 74137826 | 74662622 | 75746867 | T: mqdss64 |
| 86583627 | 86864370 | 87372768 | T: luov6468330 |
| 103853560 | 104098631 | 106649076 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 105175622 | 107388961 | 108687355 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 112104321 | 112157129 | 112172956 | aimer192s |
| 162319676 | 162715855 | 163642370 | T: luov8086399 |
| 185225770 | 185374628 | 185569227 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 229577507 | 229678801 | 229716267 | aimer256s |
| 236469625 | 236982331 | 240551161 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 241735368 | 242781929 | 247491707 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 417119932 | 417382235 | 417747024 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 731322326 | 732099249 | 732496415 | T: picnic2l5fs |
|
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