VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Zen 4 (a60f12); 2023 AMD Ryzen 7 7700; 8 x 3800MHz; hertz, supercop-20240909

[Page version: 20241011 15:42:08]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
223722612337picnic3l1
232023352467picnicl1full
315331613186picnicl3full
316631753219picnic3l3
396539814152picnic3l5
403540904167
T:
picnic2l1fs
406141234169picnicl5full
459846454688picnicl1ur
459346594742picnicl1fs
523852925374
T:
picnic2l3fs
554355835679picnicl3ur
553355995676picnicl3fs
728573437428
T:
picnic2l5fs
740974647633picnicl5fs
742574787688picnicl5ur
328543303033224dilithium2aes
394123953739784aimer128f
427054273342821ed25519
452964539045573aimer128s
516245197756273dilithium3aes
613926156462118dilithium2
771577757078141dilithium5aes
774527800579972
T:
ecdonaldp256
108853109030109991aimer192s
109041109296110028aimer192f
112770113195113509dilithium3
120830121174123506
T:
ecdonaldp224
156134157933159142nccsign1aes
158487159034159609
T:
ed448goldilocks
172442172775173433dilithium5
194646195842198361nccsign1
205828207296209560nccsign3aes
236815237736239578
T:
pass769
258068260791263887nccsign3
281522281925282566aimer256f
286090286682287787aimer256s
299209301362302823
T:
pass863
315723317296319695nccsign5aes
212411?380319?991464?haetae2
392418394850397191nccsign5
417001420403424969
T:
donald1024
470570474376474894
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
503638505912524082
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
578914586420689322
T:
ecdonaldk163
583815586765591825
T:
ecdonaldp160
598886602387618056
T:
ecdonaldb163
607269609622614934
T:
ecdonaldp521
619064622113647243
T:
mqdss48
649213651203674471
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
342259?691336?1225793?haetae3
704057705940709731
T:
ecdonaldp192
483686?753024?1451242?haetae5
788921791802817648
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
818628821800837831
T:
ecdonaldb233
958398961726965674
T:
ecdonaldk233
684987?1299685?1861037?
T:
qtesla1
138596313913901399953
T:
donald2048
141481714177141421787
T:
ecdonaldb283
143900614414891445513
T:
mqdss64
153073215358161544734
T:
ecdonaldk283
165863216713851713879
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
206436920698412103386
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
2051791?2087688?3036952?
T:
qtesla3f
211795821424762158153
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
222920422299562230773
T:
sphincs256
246825424762102721601
T:
ecdonaldb409
257457125775162596539
T:
ecdonaldk409
269797127083222724276
T:
ecdonaldp384
313883931447083151644
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
320012432036843291855
T:
luov863256
378973437936233797296
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
3089439?4072382?5093824?
T:
qtesla3s
534578653574625370840
T:
ecdonaldb571
4711706?5361956?6004271?
T:
qtesla1p
541942454429435683444
T:
ecdonaldk571
558771155936445624901mqsignlr2567246
558643156230675649380
T:
mqsignlr2567246
577850057842215791300
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
630867063144636325273mqsignrr2567246
630870263175596372539
T:
mqsignrr2567246
684227168603876899530
T:
luov863256pc
725837372740157296457
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
790972179280547947228
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
117095001177294212077664
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
133675171342049114640223
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
133783931342107613735451
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
138076121383790413869983
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
140007881401070614095924
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
11328897?14272498?21325137?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
147367711510119315829543
T:
falcon512dyn
147386161542245416945259
T:
falcon512tree
161308501614066716694313
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
166446241670693816807833
T:
luov4849242
11152391?17183976?21739246?
T:
ronald512
172373221728237717286221
T:
luov890351
205630252123315221396844
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
219534442199757722040186mqsignlr25611272
219881222201751422095933
T:
mqsignlr25611272
221872962229279122344145mqsignrr25611272
21795355?23714153?31154108?
T:
qtesla3p
255351992559920825701045
T:
mqsignrr25611272
264345172647380226678133
T:
luov890351pc
268997382694914527138226
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
263847082721579327382597
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
292904462929633829302477
T:
luov8117404
293815992943237530533097
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
327905473293205033172329
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
419210234200459542049589
T:
redgemss128v2
436360344366384543746694
T:
bluegemss128v2
31980239?45513622?75840147?
T:
ronald768
458083704582376445889687
T:
luov8117404pc
460964454754920650175179
T:
falcon1024dyn
466941554777928550379007
T:
falcon1024tree
478049344783164347916138
T:
gemss128
485349814856234248600647
T:
bluegemss128
489812184899362249011403
T:
redgemss128
490498844906161049119173
T:
gemss128v2
531924455353697954105345
T:
mqsignlr25614896
533895515368504653897605mqsignlr25614896
571129415719900857318363
T:
luov6468330
38305636?57886902?85157623?
T:
ronald1024
653420286545844968563616
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
724208737248388573074479mqsignrr25614896
724017787249522872580264
T:
mqsignrr25614896
774027697761455277952916
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
774627497806740178337283
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
784155627870311778895017
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
97606586100376372103714940
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
109684622109799726110016288
T:
luov8086399
122174599122196366125325796
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
130008045130116871132681702
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
189158434189256264189311381
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
220382686220496276220662803
T:
redgemss192
222200553222371426222554883
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
225517270225606826225833542
T:
bluegemss192
229419874229577811229657715
T:
gemss192
243785114243982222244346169
T:
redgemss192v2
243669002244274228245408247
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
245673950246064708246193758
T:
bluegemss192v2
246101642246731999263435724
T:
gemss192v2
255654175256524064258221783
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
259449762260468362261062639
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
170946107?277804991?467743732?
T:
ronald1536
293400822?435432459?567203482?
T:
ronald2048
502137514502286308503113088
T:
redgemss256
508996468509522604510445495
T:
bluegemss256v2
633224924633318089633383248
T:
bluegemss256
639662159640450959640801441
T:
gemss256
675083971675627269676020598
T:
redgemss256v2
685423108686002175686337251
T:
gravitysphincss
698075828698724731699071901
T:
gemss256v2
1332934316?1904733452?2572435969?
T:
ronald3072
323315493033276195133400260381
T:
pqrsa15
2442017255?4173226387?5773500801?
T:
ronald4096
109732945851097635609710979929218
T:
gravitysphincsl
218966071682190519019821917312538
T:
gravitysphincsm
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
107861090311135
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
208922112421697
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
468304691147115ed25519
532635345153949
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
536365392254367
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
671726757567999
T:
mqsignlr2567246
753447623576629mqsignlr2567246
55703?81455?144031?dilithium2aes
983159865499401
T:
mqsignrr2567246
106957107403107731mqsignrr2567246
109289109378109584
T:
ecdonaldp256
97015?148342?223267?dilithium3aes
165036165408165571
T:
ed448goldilocks
140899?170858?214177?dilithium5aes
122435?171230?259127?dilithium2
172097172707173163
T:
ecdonaldp224
175788179586183763
T:
mqsignlr25611272
198418202025206943mqsignlr25611272
172367?217544?338966?dilithium3
218053220390227816
T:
luov863256pc
138291?241574?393310?
T:
qtesla1
244305?246104?377858?nccsign1aes
252066252749253711
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
267895269584270816mqsignrr25611272
209601?269657?418674?dilithium5
261632?270618?775519?
T:
pass769
276922284853291978
T:
mqsignrr25611272
292580295407297680
T:
ronald512
285159296182312805
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
295036?298758?443123?nccsign1
321330326057332306
T:
donald1024
324444328626333209
T:
falcon512tree
384646393569398954
T:
mqsignlr25614896
428066432895437048mqsignlr25614896
275909?458109?629683?
T:
qtesla3f
332107?501409?804829?nccsign3aes
501131509514516992
T:
mqsignrr25614896
540946544815550383
T:
ronald768
521595547175552491mqsignrr25614896
398221?550919?787148?nccsign3
602469606345608306
T:
luov890351pc
603026608033614552
T:
falcon512dyn
614901616571618380
T:
ecdonaldp160
648534652406657077
T:
falcon1024tree
333786?660444?994508?
T:
pass863
367457?671243?1183621?
T:
qtesla3s
668388671943676351
T:
ronald1024
357228?700190?935153?
T:
qtesla1p
502447?713622?1550015?haetae2
722635724254725994
T:
ecdonaldk163
730028736537743763
T:
rwb0fuz1024
739952741831744611
T:
ecdonaldp192
745346747878757593
T:
ecdonaldb163
745043750114757529
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
513922?761800?1012636?nccsign5aes
871914873730875859
T:
donald2048
875664876771878739
T:
luov8117404pc
884131885606892602aimer128f
619496?904940?1200882?nccsign5
923907927548931433
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
937554939788946313
T:
ecdonaldp521
100908410142691019148
T:
ecdonaldk233
103354510353871038733
T:
ecdonaldb233
445836?1057771?1985699?haetae3
122125612263511232739
T:
falcon1024dyn
806431?1449544?3054280?haetae5
161253216172281623382
T:
ecdonaldk283
150108716821651689203
T:
ecdonaldb283
184178618526341863467
T:
ronald2048
196321019787042131702
T:
ronald1536
1750821?2342398?3519645?
T:
qtesla3p
243406824380672443098aimer192f
244763924534272497053picnicl1full
275451827600052775893
T:
ecdonaldk409
283550028400892845667
T:
ecdonaldp384
288009228845742890036
T:
ecdonaldb409
311702631186833119603
T:
luov863256
357050235724583579389picnicl1fs
360168836041763610694
T:
mqdss48
3304399?3920312?4165158?
T:
redgemss128v2
3295297?3992456?5280139?
T:
redgemss128
426374642683584271607picnicl1ur
437191143903914403508
T:
ronald3072
472960447339124745790aimer256f
473862547516874767694picnicl3full
486529048691594881069
T:
gravitysphincss
574243357509375771833
T:
ecdonaldk571
612920461505226168779
T:
ecdonaldb571
672084567274206792470aimer128s
682453168791096882748picnicl3fs
823865782524708272208picnicl5full
832499383436788357808
T:
ronald4096
857544787719689128185
T:
mqdss64
913014091471899150440picnicl3ur
925958092736469293083
T:
gravitysphincsm
7962854?9302770?10175925?
T:
redgemss192v2
9984686999103510292775
T:
luov890351
104499591048057210496965
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
112038221121482611219259
T:
gravitysphincsl
9295261?11227578?13575387?
T:
redgemss192
116520901165477911713816picnicl5fs
118151701185524211897688picnic3l1
149024611493263814941574picnicl5ur
168516171685956117416448
T:
luov8117404
169282711697930617049417
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
177939991780433617833646aimer192s
15028982?17821319?20208160?
T:
redgemss256v2
186923211873407119188899
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
189448291898751619383777
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
17478235?23234933?26239574?
T:
redgemss256
240000892402828624072311picnic3l3
242551182478789524978367
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
336728943368368933691996aimer256s
362005793627629536633549
T:
luov4849242
374575303747729437492439
T:
sphincs256
407806964082352640852060picnic3l5
427282124353231243586610
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
551765045562751755879701
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
643546246451466264704300
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
698451696996085470180201
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
871626938724772587509053
T:
picnic2l1fs
921481169228477492420323
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
111350331111395488111445033
T:
luov6468330
116338521116433477116667651
T:
pqrsa15
122183430122326061122569677
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
162495841162909609163468368
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
141331884?164666932?188342482?
T:
bluegemss128
166122029166512709166727880
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
123818257?172574386?197560061?
T:
bluegemss128v2
185745646185948941186191681
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
223004531223767306223796458
T:
luov8086399
249477551249599356250535162
T:
picnic2l3fs
263231771264017534266619581
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
265480967?318309758?423239113?
T:
bluegemss192v2
316043546319978482326081210
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
320994528321438645322316073
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
295635065?369474901?517083932?
T:
bluegemss192
368409333372340909375484557
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
467484153469865988511319870
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
527038081527242814527730778
T:
picnic2l5fs
577367649579914443582374770
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
506038152605474041610880929
T:
bluegemss256v2
644127568?781519309?912308976?
T:
bluegemss256
815479351835850037845894950
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
717296831?859900736?1014286121?
T:
gemss128v2
735756018?882751802?1030097134?
T:
gemss128
105450027910583453031078478351
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
154352551915443360091552219600
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
181490385118224519591853810583
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
1808072723?2164254013?2531210539?
T:
gemss192v2
222034031122531801352269385556
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
254183918925925911742596583063
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
2480250194?3469187635?3966971403?
T:
gemss192
3074835887?3688216508?4473228478?
T:
gemss256v2
388232308438837051923886677696
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
4483895195?5354893276?6279546076?
T:
gemss256
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
551256335739
T:
rwb0fuz1024
808381798263
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
143811457914765
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
174471783618190
T:
ronald512
202992054920883
T:
ronald768
234922381324150
T:
ronald1024
240252500725864
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
318393226532501
T:
ronald1536
346043489535205mqsignlr2567246
347443504535228
T:
mqsignlr2567246
353593564535814mqsignrr2567246
355553585336136
T:
mqsignrr2567246
429364319343326dilithium2aes
433374381144140
T:
ronald2048
499245104452445
T:
gravitysphincss
606566085161091dilithium3aes
618736305463645
T:
falcon512tree
693416944969625dilithium2
704107141872963
T:
qtesla1
753747631076931
T:
falcon512dyn
764357700777464
T:
ronald3072
813478242091408
T:
luov863256pc
873248748787926dilithium5aes
9417399372100657
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
991299941299715haetae2
110213110939112613
T:
mqsignlr25611272
110570111756113183mqsignlr25611272
113460113780115214dilithium3
117000118027119071mqsignrr25611272
116978118650119951
T:
mqsignrr25611272
120983121388122340
T:
ronald4096
124187125792126259
T:
falcon1024tree
142309143254144381
T:
qtesla3f
144875146207147142
T:
qtesla3s
146669149919154557
T:
redgemss128v2
151767152653156248
T:
falcon1024dyn
149195153163168248
T:
bluegemss128v2
157823158579159164ed25519
158899159279159770haetae3
161811162490163485nccsign1aes
179513179945182100dilithium5
190483190944191412haetae5
187176191012196083
T:
redgemss128
183252194712208590
T:
bluegemss128
198783200135202202nccsign1
201441203814207285mqsignrr25614896
201464204147206800mqsignlr25614896
202727204966207745
T:
mqsignlr25614896
203596206036208625
T:
mqsignrr25614896
212921217750222189
T:
gemss128
200193221632234477
T:
gemss128v2
225941227246228935nccsign3aes
222547227835230565
T:
gravitysphincsm
254008254378255299
T:
ecdonaldp256
257060259442262533
T:
donald1024
273818275848277879nccsign3
268718277122281792
T:
luov890351pc
299365302839309235
T:
gravitysphincsl
335082336105337560
T:
qtesla1p
339869349323360441
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
351314352361353654nccsign5aes
356843357581358482
T:
ecdonaldp224
370107372217373602
T:
pass769
368916372783376550
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
389652392901397119
T:
luov8117404pc
385382393640408366
T:
redgemss192
419691422292423704nccsign5
422064434277441888
T:
redgemss192v2
444133449224451288
T:
pass863
465241480054488800
T:
bluegemss192
474422488628502286
T:
gemss192
488045500705519437
T:
bluegemss192v2
517932525520531109
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
512503526349535630
T:
gemss192v2
537336548361554697
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
576178578584580378
T:
ed448goldilocks
599854605196609715
T:
ecdonaldp160
704661707509711240
T:
ecdonaldp192
727048733742742974
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
777952783599789039
T:
donald2048
794557808457817861
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
832290844477857856
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
895861897227899953aimer128f
879248910615928216
T:
redgemss256
882193923186932240
T:
redgemss256v2
8970139291011018990
T:
bluegemss256v2
909339930866961223
T:
bluegemss256
903919931876959528
T:
gemss256
9648699878211006724
T:
gemss256v2
109627611063141115615
T:
sphincs256
115699011716391193813
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
125397312650451286311
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
127521712796011288862
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
138576714014671413434
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
139900214017631406599
T:
ecdonaldk163
144032914460381453033
T:
ecdonaldb163
169264817008981706073
T:
qtesla3p
178876917923821801575
T:
ecdonaldp521
196131319644171969967
T:
ecdonaldk233
201535820190922028961
T:
ecdonaldb233
202368920272132042994picnicl1full
205875420781062101329
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
223614422430412247681
T:
mqdss48
226111422771852298877
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
230474123128962320079
T:
ecdonaldp384
244207724467982449254aimer192f
250820025099142598226
T:
luov863256
253723726132422685742
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
291433729224472934350picnicl1fs
314557531529623159834
T:
ecdonaldk283
291751432881093296947
T:
ecdonaldb283
362763036319653658251picnicl1ur
373183137955433836648
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
390647339122413917624picnicl3full
472828847319834738080aimer256f
493451350363295130392
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
503726051022435250683
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
535670453625305371562
T:
ecdonaldk409
544756254937575502219picnicl3fs
561876956253005642107
T:
ecdonaldb409
572641957760156105789
T:
mqdss64
618302563006396372014
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
666083766767396703159aimer128s
679724768228446829440picnicl5full
755164875591217567955picnicl3ur
751031376000557747293
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
817121681905698210236
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
817239782066438234111
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
884950388642588866684
T:
luov890351
946963194793609514291picnicl5fs
956786895787789603923picnic3l1
944066496232199769910
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
9856947998897210066578
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
98928741005634110206248
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
112092231124257811265571
T:
ecdonaldk571
119394571196444911989473
T:
ecdonaldb571
123163061237669912500733picnicl5ur
122127191255767812722405
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
151873431519006015192002
T:
luov8117404
156894411570538215734464
T:
pqrsa15
176728411768292017705124aimer192s
193822991980387220438512
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
197888201981037619852387picnic3l3
194470161981594320123997
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
254044382540950625419719
T:
luov4849242
313948273142492031466654picnic3l5
332720693327924933352264aimer256s
426909944275026242821370
T:
picnic2l1fs
504335895101671951186881
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
511170875126265951500335
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
675184986761910467637088
T:
luov6468330
928116049293390193067775
T:
picnic2l3fs
114558934115029038115322236
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
114997654115344844115823868
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
132957443132989612133052313
T:
luov8086399
158961305159048574159163913
T:
picnic2l5fs