VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Goldmont Plus (706a8); 2019 Intel Celeron N4020; 2 x 1100MHz; gemini, supercop-20240909

[Page version: 20241006 02:11:55]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
732973567405picnic3l1
730273898038picnicl1full
108471090310972picnicl3full
108951091210960picnic3l3
136561368313829picnicl5full
136991507915627picnic3l5
151581526116572picnicl1ur
151671534916648picnicl1fs
175161757217928
T:
picnic2l1fs
295452964229810picnicl3fs
295882988032156picnicl3ur
325783267835570
T:
picnic2l3fs
368373694637138picnicl5ur
368623697637237picnicl5fs
426794273242862
T:
picnic2l5fs
934859407294737ed25519
138287138955150435aimer128s
160344160541160862aimer128f
187798188790191090
T:
ecdonaldp256
216258217602219469
T:
donald512
315437315690316403aimer192s
323706324334324920
T:
ed448goldilocks
336106337364340908
T:
ecdonaldp224
362818364350365184aimer192f
459877463874499108nccsign1
503160504824506821T!!!dilithium2
533674536371538982
T:
pass769
606446608299609909
T:
donald1024
620086627335669278nccsign3
657501659662661657
T:
pass863
661060666235710809nccsign1aes
802743805258806497aimer256s
805333873386876513aimer256f
906222916551984758nccsign3aes
924494926689929881T!!!dilithium3
936580938918943555nccsign5
947537950413953472
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
967681968284969287
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
994314996570999704T!!!dilithium2aes
111022811106781112504
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
111663511198241132112
T:
ecdonaldp160
117438811765971179995
T:
ecdonaldp521
117289711767951182618
T:
ecdonaldk163
121009012134371218146
T:
ecdonaldb163
131949413287361441868nccsign5aes
134222513496651352976
T:
ecdonaldp192
139488613975301502451
T:
mqdss48
141282114137741414734
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
143598414398561444062T!!!dilithium5
161281716176951623565
T:
ecdonaldk233
166110616644011670439
T:
ecdonaldb233
172821317306101744292
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
179624718018301808567T!!!dilithium3aes
974652?1821492?4644570?haetae2
209408020969662103919
T:
donald2048
270920927124082718179
T:
ecdonaldk283
285259528559372860931
T:
ecdonaldb283
288936628932692899798
T:
edons128ref
299075030060353013414T!!!dilithium5aes
1661153?3067367?7267445?haetae3
324639832480283250345
T:
mqdss64
2585331?3386342?5078374?
T:
qtesla1
1955358?3619217?5608481?haetae5
472806247323324736000
T:
ecdonaldk409
498279749885305002594
T:
ecdonaldp384
502963650364465048601
T:
ecdonaldb409
4415834?6487646?8573015?
T:
qtesla3f
9980859998703810008332
T:
ecdonaldk571
9143784?10364166?11604263?
T:
qtesla1p
107410551076063410792758
T:
ecdonaldb571
108373721083825811796704
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
121776061218196012184274
T:
sphincs256
7667287?12532604?15027695?
T:
qtesla3s
150741361508438115100392
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
162139761621452816215228
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
162524431640487616415027
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
167844081678792516799991
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
171272731719434017396905
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
207716172077349620776814
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
19624695?28016635?40551757?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
27272852?28537134?35511549?
T:
falcon512tree
276887822955895133218023
T:
falcon512dyn
17391348?29811858?43273569?
T:
ronald512
308233893082469530826128
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
308536893085661330873476
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
353912683541038435416176
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
380588293820524941223191
T:
luov4849242
419241004192660141928335
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
454370904544869545455265
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
462473674627646450099781
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
33108248?47682062?73098010?
T:
ronald768
500487715010417250175610
T:
luov863256
551250755520981659632851
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
43722198?55722969?67764548?
T:
qtesla3p
47495379?70146472?125081958?
T:
ronald1024
787384187874297178947145
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
811400128154108881779628
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
858435958623479986237755
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
8567024391332810100757226
T:
falcon1024dyn
8715790894176911101798527
T:
falcon1024tree
100254886100396180100474946
T:
gemss128
100666370100708405100792113
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
100787457100869628100965062
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
100873165100907894100962782
T:
bluegemss128
100918953100990058101028651
T:
redgemss128
101610776101665579101722384
T:
redgemss128v2
105624567105805072108129435
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
116998626117154555126900841
T:
luov6468330
144517157144711303156128916
T:
bluegemss128v2
148410950148448908148514423
T:
gemss128v2
187443009187732905187932068
T:
luov890351
217690369217950493218254835
T:
luov8086399
151443369?251111397?376394852?
T:
ronald1536
251568476251666863251714823mqsignlr2567246
297413167297638041297914362
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
305795456305866858332528825mqsignrr2567246
319819309319869964319912486
T:
sflashv2
326306798326519612358075666
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
330808648331262680331589630
T:
luov8117404
333734819333782646333890274
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
347603754348272955376939197
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
511452076516069413517592377
T:
redgemss192v2
525309964526233890526911505
T:
redgemss192
526799480528085349528708305
T:
bluegemss192v2
530839755532184221570440011
T:
gemss192v2
545285798545944244546100540
T:
bluegemss192
555114295555480201557038550
T:
gemss192
559491632561203097561681689
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
666225000666262655666301667
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
437872820?725783661?1004374189?
T:
ronald2048
734102667734162633738946254
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
738528792738649652738847672
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
808169160813924273819980199
T:
gui184
103562961110356753151038431935
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
133180601413320280691332985936
T:
gravitysphincss
137883788613791627661379306137
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
160984457416098600591609883152
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
162140514316322640721648476649
T:
redgemss256v2
162705719416395684551669466260
T:
bluegemss256v2
163945300216402492551664578220
T:
redgemss256
168475606416859299391686295282
T:
rainbow1a
167226262116979468741705623803
T:
gemss256
170532355617101651141932469693
T:
bluegemss256
174086080617414809441742023297mqsignlr25611272
166700897618206132501858619380
T:
gemss256v2
192764358219298185721930628480mqsignrr25611272
1518033366?2734636428?4617076275?
T:
ronald3072
514646886555534486985559841470mqsignlr25614896
574047038257412386995741697340mqsignrr25614896
3881688354?6028801111?8563216164?
T:
ronald4096
602995686760306604336032344896
T:
rainbow1c
622444130263639875846522868706
T:
pqrsa15
657505050165754841096578034072
T:
rainbow1b
124885503311258171907112755118046
T:
gui312
152035793831520421965415205156291
T:
rainbow4a
213211696132132641973823211929677
T:
gravitysphincsl
423485428864238631958442421344786
T:
gravitysphincsm
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
225202271923953
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
515885255057133
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
990029945899922ed25519
154032154825157792
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
155359156379156967
T:
sflashv2
173146175088177320
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
253458253622254371
T:
ecdonaldp256
335590335828336004
T:
ed448goldilocks
378108380888385016
T:
donald512
438959440711441964
T:
ecdonaldp224
585857594948604930
T:
ronald512
767635772123774499
T:
donald1024
775984776856781814
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
811850814721817335
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
823309833833842291
T:
falcon512tree
839035840370842074
T:
rainbow1a
817224?854962?1667524?
T:
pass863
108809210993161108856
T:
ronald768
117142711742971177916
T:
ecdonaldp160
123195712335611236221
T:
ecdonaldk163
127349912751101277147
T:
ecdonaldb163
662769?1318989?1980112?
T:
pass769
140995114125511418116
T:
ecdonaldp192
140716414186231427918
T:
rwb0fuz1024
141520914227151434189
T:
falcon512dyn
1435841?1560160?2575984?nccsign1aes
155177915628301572969
T:
ronald1024
1460406?1583979?3038319?nccsign3
166551916752991681519
T:
falcon1024tree
873626?1677899?2573881?
T:
qtesla1
170067917039031706753
T:
ecdonaldk233
1193805?1704806?1993180?nccsign1
173762717416101744927
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
175332017579031760820
T:
ecdonaldb233
177174817783561784752
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
180592518066101808672
T:
ecdonaldp521
183273418416061994683
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
1193175?1843527?3363455?
T:
qtesla3f
1475003?2030921?4051060?T!!!dilithium2aes
1483026?2163620?3815391?T!!!dilithium2
218831521892622190354mqsignlr2567246
224733422485562249853
T:
rainbow1c
225385322577992262394
T:
donald2048
254067525528202556792
T:
rainbow4a
1779646?2624238?3337620?nccsign3aes
286667328714242875605
T:
ecdonaldk283
288432128858602888828
T:
rainbow1b
288449528982102911919
T:
falcon1024dyn
1347613?2947609?5425339?
T:
qtesla1p
300642530080693010203
T:
ecdonaldb283
1519600?3384777?4999667?T!!!dilithium3
341551834171223727043mqsignrr2567246
2481784?3547624?4625003?nccsign5
2386749?4075065?7674271?
T:
qtesla3s
415066241590324165447
T:
edons128ref
3088050?4237566?5761783?T!!!dilithium5
3006672?4268825?6748857?T!!!dilithium3aes
438194943955764413977
T:
ronald1536
2959913?4403416?5889860?nccsign5aes
505518550614195066909
T:
ecdonaldk409
521614752233705235163
T:
ecdonaldp384
534104653439415347321
T:
ecdonaldb409
3864262?5695368?6090059?T!!!dilithium5aes
1888152?6517423?11182679?haetae2
666205066628846663920aimer128f
764580676647877683119
T:
ronald2048
6543050?7687963?9002140?
T:
redgemss128
7864778?9048878?11626094?
T:
redgemss128v2
106131791061872810635866
T:
ecdonaldk571
5653301?10762386?18404260?haetae3
106657481078522210789116
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
112510081125255911254184mqsignlr25611272
114176191142626811444470
T:
ecdonaldb571
132346911324986213269903
T:
gravitysphincss
8835531?13720463?18476778?
T:
qtesla3p
139625901397501915220384picnicl1full
8940665?14472352?22763361?haetae5
168544601691813117011816aimer192f
174518561745347717456135mqsignrr25611272
188665991888368320729684picnicl1fs
213831812141410421438420
T:
ronald3072
220488682206610522090126
T:
gravitysphincsm
232969852330734925420700picnicl1ur
21833651?25165157?29741993?
T:
redgemss192v2
21134378?25243535?31605278?
T:
redgemss192
257350622591716827892497
T:
gravitysphincsl
266751072688249526916808picnicl3full
259885992807987728091228mqsignlr25614896
287397772874962928755049
T:
luov863256
341613873419122234247958
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
17366548?34723734?52092898?
T:
gui184
347857773774970938183659aimer256f
407220704072572240729708mqsignrr25614896
409224574098233241002657
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
410151724105635441080458
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
410751394140774344781527
T:
mqdss48
37733730?43132320?55561680?
T:
redgemss256v2
443549734436302044421221picnicl5full
455272414558078145623377
T:
ronald4096
43121186?45910709?55867323?
T:
redgemss256
453889324629264246348314picnicl3fs
519558245198547052030988
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
520375065205250056315181aimer128s
629191516293548662960606picnic3l1
664614716656488269003095
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
686460746938544269463256picnicl5fs
694280466951337875733894
T:
luov4849242
745143287460301986665160picnicl3ur
994031949942556199438978
T:
luov890351
121667196121737722121750248
T:
mqdss64
121090369122558810122710587picnicl5ur
129945689131580191131616142aimer192s
135341123135429476135556515picnic3l3
170788895170807918170845701
T:
luov8117404
180500801180710589181689157
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
220194097220377304241245099
T:
luov6468330
223806028223889081223948846
T:
pqrsa15
228416596228589551228776943
T:
sphincs256
223931314257204846258755775picnic3l5
267451852268399661270901630aimer256s
246331452?295625655?373262500?
T:
bluegemss128v2
198812570?297227876?347117471?
T:
bluegemss128
343621157344217148372549447
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
419869646428235479429162866
T:
picnic2l1fs
430356462433372588433865365
T:
luov8086399
442375945442564476442806001
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
576849683576911148577144003
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
625235835625685467625907906
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
696695111697412197699972404
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
823886836824275733824944825
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
688729192?825023497?1098837157?
T:
bluegemss192v2
962736590963065950963356758
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
864832228?1037068341?1210179772?
T:
bluegemss192
119292311011932798671324511391
T:
picnic2l3fs
126127605312618695471371725011
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
128051723712807241291281577546
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
756994564?1324756181?2838486085?
T:
gui312
1146221418?1373630506?1829228117?
T:
bluegemss256v2
172072965517221618631874865739
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
174126752817429833671743829529
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
1486734819?1785119296?2246292694?
T:
bluegemss256
1530730968?1836894988?2142910493?
T:
gemss128v2
1554710747?1865480182?2487179892?
T:
gemss128
225651661522573661602258288185
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
232745758523287472742336100285
T:
picnic2l5fs
520138574652067411885627499999
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
4620893569?5544410428?6468019269?
T:
gemss192v2
5845416889?7014710089?9351670819?
T:
gemss192
8029744177?8659222127?10390776095?
T:
gemss256v2
876856364587704900468785724396
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
927401746192743371849275101766
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
112314777761123202784111233080691
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
118690905371187771754011881598281
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
10572055963?12686729927?14806105510?
T:
gemss256
183646761491836546887818367421740
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
198500971631985312873819856403895
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
200441126552004805031920053396035
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
117751200512229
T:
rwb0fuz1024
198292005221244
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
403604091141733
T:
ronald512
424524337345289
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
460334674547282
T:
ronald768
533535383854244
T:
ronald1024
592325998760426
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
740617445575406
T:
ronald1536
899279187093620
T:
gravitysphincss
100488101147101663
T:
ronald2048
114956116774117340
T:
falcon512tree
143705145787146247
T:
falcon512dyn
175454177288179023
T:
ronald3072
199174200643202031
T:
sflashv2
235458236716237600
T:
falcon1024tree
255380256981258849
T:
donald512
281074281350281708
T:
qtesla1
283874285021285909
T:
ronald4096
276956288081297235
T:
gui184
294261296306297176
T:
falcon1024dyn
340776342380343954ed25519
347550350057352184
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
361733367196383699
T:
gravitysphincsm
379637379981380810
T:
qtesla3f
381374382410383452haetae2
377911387292397835
T:
gemss128
388133399786412137
T:
bluegemss128
406299416211424612
T:
gemss128v2
417142425714435509
T:
redgemss128
416196425776437616
T:
redgemss128v2
439366456406486744
T:
bluegemss128v2
483847488646526823
T:
gravitysphincsl
521069522509523686
T:
rainbow1a
543267550628565350
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
575676576931577758T!!!dilithium2
597822598198600583
T:
ecdonaldp256
625647629652634703
T:
donald1024
637093637670638388
T:
qtesla3s
634385638790643667
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
668817669914671441haetae3
725123728549786956nccsign1
763552764322833635haetae5
795056808662823598
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
810055821984834697
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
832657835504838039
T:
pass769
897508904228970496nccsign1aes
907148912757984115nccsign3
926442927846930703
T:
ecdonaldp224
930588932446935708
T:
qtesla1p
933747938057945975
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
932702945082973696
T:
gemss192
945529947857949051T!!!dilithium3
937521956710983661
T:
redgemss192
945067968936995153
T:
bluegemss192
9534669772411005437
T:
bluegemss192v2
984030987295993060T!!!dilithium2aes
9641639981141045259
T:
gemss192v2
9642709994701025532
T:
redgemss192v2
100741710102121012707
T:
pass863
114264911462811149121
T:
ed448goldilocks
114102311483491241423nccsign3aes
114290011502721157499
T:
ecdonaldp160
116752011700301172511
T:
edons128ref
123601512516861265781
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
131329813319031425977
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
133059513391351346701
T:
ecdonaldp192
137402113751321375996
T:
rainbow1b
149413414976181500867nccsign5
153355615391711543923T!!!dilithium5
170191817088571715512T!!!dilithium3aes
176332018235691888604
T:
gui312
182474018316932005747nccsign5aes
184848018529661874699
T:
rainbow4a
188833319156381946514
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
195896619600371961263
T:
rainbow1c
195811419912212042831
T:
gemss256
198033819941082005667
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
197262020327882082372
T:
redgemss256
204551520604782074772
T:
donald2048
201960720751512247680
T:
bluegemss256
204414520933712128649
T:
bluegemss256v2
208146721195842149069
T:
redgemss256v2
212560622236132312814
T:
gemss256v2
235014123521922357381
T:
ecdonaldk163
243272524369332440351
T:
ecdonaldb163
290370629241982951177
T:
sphincs256
293395729408182947380T!!!dilithium5aes
317593632151823244511
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
326692132706903277816
T:
ecdonaldk233
335830033594343360459mqsignlr2567246
336025233620933635142mqsignrr2567246
336616333701173375065
T:
ecdonaldb233
344157234429603444282
T:
ecdonaldp521
427505542843994301155
T:
ecdonaldp384
453787445523804563715
T:
qtesla3p
502645350293035031416mqsignrr25611272
505589950580995061206mqsignlr25611272
554137155476375550361
T:
ecdonaldk283
563772256390215641071
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
561749557412515778043
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
581569358236285830264
T:
ecdonaldb283
566805559228456126646
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
619940462059676208206aimer128f
915586592330009472770
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
931123093135109317572mqsignrr25614896
977091797826079792218
T:
ecdonaldk409
93244911018965310209290mqsignlr25614896
103735181038310710390773
T:
ecdonaldb409
105655001059591911520409picnicl1full
111669021137953911662875
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
119423291218334712371431
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
137295731430335315053943
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
147637421498042916332462picnicl1fs
151813871536542515552350
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
157744421578714215951744aimer192f
172552751759865818010295
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
192015481955644620977192picnicl1ur
206070292063235920662139
T:
ecdonaldk571
208780832105907421082142picnicl3full
221805132219979922230806
T:
ecdonaldb571
223031292258824022887037
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
224006232266230122841364
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
268144972681828626824370
T:
luov863256
272095902743177427851465
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
267537092745861527904872
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
283573642859525629033285
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
283148682865827130403918
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
289737962957376931680423
T:
mqdss48
333073913332565033353891
T:
pqrsa15
339701313402711934101950
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
339593493412078236464478
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
344950623463039534906660picnicl5full
325727763543704435750169aimer256f
369936433734884137631327picnicl3fs
426722894336670643777701
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
442301284473880145106092
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
515553935199016055723302aimer128s
521747075235356356547403
T:
luov4849242
536359555369335953750402picnic3l1
534646635373812054350598
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
569645955724612457604107picnicl5fs
602186586032412769350638picnicl3ur
770876027719966586162811
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
773445227735726078451306
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
864755468783851188476575
T:
mqdss64
938072099382386793839432
T:
luov890351
100158657100778788101321764picnicl5ur
115221300118255074118359595picnic3l3
129349348130964856131289758aimer192s
142864004143114591155351346
T:
luov6468330
161395794161413252161425187
T:
luov8117404
179191708209553209212206463picnic3l5
238608091246845952247308348
T:
picnic2l1fs
266857818267328679268152193
T:
luov8086399
265069665267536253268374900aimer256s
566911335567150702629382699
T:
picnic2l3fs
940221938943145799948287798
T:
picnic2l5fs