Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Zen (820f01); 2020 AMD Athlon Silver 3050e; 2 x 1400MHz; dali, supercop-20250922
[Page version: 20251028 08:35:44]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key signature systems:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to sign a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to open a signed short message,
i.e., to verify a (larger) signed message and recover the original short message.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Space for a signature on a 0-byte message.
- Space for a signature on a 23-byte message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus 23 bytes.
- Space for a signature on a long message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus the message length.
For signature systems that support "message recovery",
the space for a signature on a long message
is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements,
the median of many speed measurements,
the third quartile of many speed measurements, and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each signature system and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new signature systems
and new implementations of existing signature systems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
NISTPQC graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 3693 | 3766 | 4060 | picnic3l1 |
| 3767 | 3798 | 4018 | picnicl1full |
| 5208 | 5335 | 5509 | picnicl3full |
| 5239 | 5338 | 5558 | picnic3l3 |
| 6893 | 6942 | 7078 | picnic3l5 |
| 6882 | 6972 | 7241 | picnicl5full |
| 9078 | 9134 | 9338 | picnicl1ur |
| 9104 | 9145 | 9288 | picnicl1fs |
| 10581 | 10635 | 10787 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 16616 | 16663 | 16808 | picnicl3ur |
| 16630 | 16774 | 16959 | picnicl3fs |
| 19321 | 19423 | 19578 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 22782 | 22874 | 23160 | picnicl5ur |
| 22848 | 22907 | 23217 | picnicl5fs |
| 25720 | 25799 | 26061 | T: picnic2l5fs |
| 30898 | 30946 | 31195 | T: lattisigns512 |
| 43315 | 43484 | 43891 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 43421 | 43996 | 47788 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 44263 | 44476 | 45011 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 48135 | 48193 | 48422 | ed25519 |
| 60695 | 61041 | 61623 | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 75985 | 76194 | 76603 | aimer128f |
| 81637 | 81745 | 82003 | aimer128s |
| 90083 | 90197 | 90668 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 90139 | 90303 | 90532 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 90180 | 90400 | 90736 | crossrsdp128small |
| 95845 | 96032 | 96254 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 95924 | 96033 | 96585 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 95901 | 96034 | 96496 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 96323 | 96737 | 97346 | dilithium3aes |
| 136796 | 137787 | 144352 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 144569 | 144837 | 145260 | dilithium5aes |
| 147917 | 148270 | 148894 | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 162475 | 162807 | 163246 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 162565 | 162839 | 163512 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 163027 | 163247 | 163940 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 188990 | 189845 | 194636 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 192647 | 193014 | 194185 | aimer192f |
| 198722 | 200448 | 202790 | nccsign1aes |
| 201901 | 202266 | 202627 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 202059 | 202383 | 202971 | crossrsdp192small |
| 202128 | 202434 | 202674 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 201992 | 202473 | 203230 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 207614 | 208189 | 208567 | aimer192s |
| 210364 | 221439 | 231369 | T: hector |
| 250613 | 253010 | 255810 | nccsign1 |
| 262265 | 265102 | 267057 | nccsign3aes |
| 281365 | 281750 | 282662 | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 305514 | 306482 | 307386 | T: pass769 |
| 344083 | 346500 | 349562 | nccsign3 |
| 362030 | 362440 | 363236 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 361912 | 362783 | 364779 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 362420 | 363129 | 364927 | crossrsdp256small |
| 366393 | 367498 | 369710 | T: pass863 |
| 400412 | 402404 | 405505 | nccsign5aes |
| 440045 | 440947 | 442229 | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 502163 | 504896 | 508423 | nccsign5 |
| 512763 | 514198 | 515958 | aimer256s |
| 516238 | 516610 | 518652 | aimer256f |
| 586918 | 599270 | 619115 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 607337 | 615052 | 622933 | T: donald1024 |
| 759247 | 759396 | 760054 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 432755? | 783347? | 1309911? | haetae2 |
| 806477 | 811786 | 815409 | T: mqdss48 |
| 821093 | 824028 | 835608 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 856453 | 861775 | 868264 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 858698 | 867879 | 873419 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 879193 | 883588 | 896268 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 898542 | 902448 | 912559 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 902643 | 903936 | 906396 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 552584? | 970739? | 1659603? | haetae3 |
| 1018619 | 1031322 | 1043308 | T: donald2048 |
| 1040655 | 1045319 | 1052904 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 1192909 | 1199202 | 1208782 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 1224741 | 1229837 | 1245036 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 1288877 | 1290206 | 1303143 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 773657? | 1468112? | 2298049? | haetae5 |
| 1249042? | 1608135? | 1971421? | T: qtesla1 |
| 1805130 | 1811150 | 1824352 | T: mqdss64 |
| 1920138 | 1925318 | 1938905 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 1993499 | 1996706 | 2015468 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 2277130 | 2281573 | 2288643 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 2415639 | 2417124 | 2421110 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 2436659 | 2445731 | 2464998 | T: edons128ref |
| 2885792 | 2893413 | 2899711 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 3229310 | 3239519 | 3278028 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 3411789 | 3419781 | 3445903 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 3447960 | 3451573 | 3461309 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 3632057 | 3647013 | 3656246 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 2717235? | 3981507? | 4041997? | T: qtesla3f |
| 4181670 | 4183852 | 4189261 | T: sphincs256 |
| 4653074 | 4658200 | 4664783 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 4055624? | 5383108? | 9284972? | T: qtesla3s |
| 5586440? | 6365616? | 7881917? | T: qtesla1p |
| 6431166 | 6437908 | 6448054 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 6449739 | 6457023 | 6469502 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 6801637 | 6804804 | 6813336 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 6850056 | 6861856 | 6878477 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 7207933 | 7224404 | 7236356 | T: mqsignlr2567246 |
| 7208027 | 7227124 | 7247896 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 8430338 | 8450522 | 8474252 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 8439471 | 8470921 | 8850253 | T: mqsignrr2567246 |
| 8897596 | 8902285 | 8926801 | T: luov863256 |
| 8965576 | 8971509 | 8985670 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 9427284 | 9452608 | 9523842 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 9560478 | 9586969 | 9662477 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 10639051 | 10644879 | 10651906 | T: 3icp |
| 12040002 | 12053387 | 12070627 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 12398087 | 12404281 | 12413285 | T: luov863256pc |
| 10664991? | 13075253? | 18357797? | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 17813165 | 17837796 | 17863415 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 18123845 | 19117680 | 20546493 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 19255110 | 19273764 | 19290532 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 19002905 | 19994119 | 22983375 | T: falcon512tree |
| 15284116? | 21890509? | 30074635? | T: ronald512 |
| 22279046 | 22386669 | 22596115 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 23710096 | 23716115 | 23724935 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 23750290 | 23858580 | 23947640 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 23933296 | 24004183 | 24141228 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 24586149 | 24640377 | 24683474 | T: luov4849242 |
| 24701288 | 24713849 | 24726452 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 28613973 | 28670519 | 28873081 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 30996315 | 31022350 | 31034783 | T: tts6440 |
| 26441353? | 31467560? | 38716276? | T: qtesla3p |
| 33588053 | 33622415 | 33678531 | T: mqsignlr25611272 |
| 33614425 | 33642044 | 33722001 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 36917271 | 36959827 | 37053975 | T: luov890351 |
| 37452967 | 37468035 | 37481170 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 38009527 | 38030257 | 38049433 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 37974957 | 38098892 | 38150333 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 37942600 | 38123325 | 38172746 | T: mqsignrr25611272 |
| 40083718 | 40117237 | 40161835 | T: rainbowbinary16242020 |
| 41144687 | 41219651 | 41255913 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 35966176? | 43543763? | 63125031? | T: ronald768 |
| 45489866 | 45516199 | 45603353 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 46486667 | 46518188 | 46549226 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 57958305 | 58106656 | 58276221 | T: pflash1 |
| 58104654 | 58141840 | 58189711 | T: luov890351pc |
| 57377644 | 58465882 | 62550589 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 58576032 | 58679116 | 58731848 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 57735325 | 60282272 | 64775372 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 64156611 | 64209652 | 64247369 | T: luov8117404 |
| 49747646? | 68452993? | 80050451? | T: ronald1024 |
| 74099358 | 74236153 | 74373225 | T: luov6468330 |
| 75250933 | 75383660 | 76098938 | T: gemss128 |
| 77377197 | 77451893 | 77508116 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 77413492 | 78088511 | 78412306 | T: bluegemss128 |
| 77514445 | 78120081 | 78291409 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 78496374 | 78531455 | 78716859 | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 78694088 | 78752849 | 78961053 | T: redgemss128 |
| 83316771 | 83485739 | 84224707 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 85772162 | 86255901 | 86516954 | T: mqsignlr25614896 |
| 87337752 | 88016464 | 88499561 | T: gemss128v2 |
| 90065313 | 90730407 | 91125864 | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 98602916 | 98656304 | 98716052 | T: luov8117404pc |
| 103693228 | 104000154 | 104269416 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 103819788 | 104000290 | 104179892 | T: mqsignrr25614896 |
| 110637319 | 110671076 | 110684837 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 136733442 | 137040663 | 137627692 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 141074229 | 141246778 | 141452373 | T: luov8086399 |
| 141303764 | 141750074 | 144024072 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 144878654 | 145252919 | 145821030 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 146464205 | 146831524 | 147668794 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 149155860 | 149240884 | 149343984 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 176065992 | 176187867 | 176317763 | T: sflashv2 |
| 209941458 | 210426530 | 212883474 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 217966682 | 218129243 | 218270123 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 225048151 | 225415986 | 225835131 | T: redgemss192 |
| 233443878 | 233506484 | 233669814 | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 300036534 | 300196649 | 300485509 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 326854293 | 327012982 | 327612173 | T: bluegemss192 |
| 328767064 | 328986846 | 329436899 | T: gemss192 |
| 261116987? | 333486595? | 464383787? | T: ronald1536 |
| 378789074 | 379084910 | 380036472 | T: gemss192v2 |
| 379758455 | 379913999 | 380119241 | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 379763036 | 381314766 | 384075051 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 388670308 | 389761759 | 397146845 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 395091344 | 395154605 | 395427353 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 394512409 | 395562437 | 396860854 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 409219626 | 410547818 | 412250171 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 586900490 | 587742060 | 589493090 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
| 598126263 | 598474171 | 598799914 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 660290658 | 662160974 | 681725241 | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 460686020? | 666747234? | 830782811? | T: ronald2048 |
| 697077412 | 702857062 | 708748946 | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 749889877 | 750586802 | 751356913 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 851141592 | 859978269 | 865401562 | T: redgemss256 |
| 869463783 | 872849023 | 877964548 | T: bluegemss256 |
| 871860919 | 876612084 | 891744992 | T: gemss256 |
| 878576263 | 879006131 | 879476372 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 958272347 | 964388661 | 975671033 | T: gemss256v2 |
| 1341936685? | 2143696423? | 2959247825? | T: ronald3072 |
| 3532058014 | 3611777998 | 3693776629 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 3628645026? | 5486575383? | 8097637003? | T: ronald4096 |
| 14064770851 | 14067878837 | 14070630223 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 28120034171 | 28129335412 | 28141107426 | T: gravitysphincsm |
|
| Cycles to sign 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 13694 | 13867 | 14102 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 27944 | 28119 | 28290 | T: tts6440 |
| 30005 | 30647 | 32120 | T: rainbowbinary16242020 |
| 50745 | 50800 | 50901 | ed25519 |
| 58318 | 58794 | 61812 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 68576 | 70018 | 73216 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 92325 | 92657 | 93593 | T: sflashv2 |
| 100514 | 101057 | 102139 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 104397 | 105999 | 108581 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 106703? | 107774? | 137983? | T: mqsignlr2567246 |
| 130154 | 130620 | 131089 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 141046 | 142017 | 142982 | T: mqsignrr2567246 |
| 164910 | 165920 | 167115 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 193233 | 193575 | 194685 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 209281 | 209687 | 209895 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 227429 | 236617 | 248571 | T: hector |
| 175296? | 269874? | 357936? | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 284302 | 285245 | 287402 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 314038 | 314989 | 316036 | T: mqsignlr25611272 |
| 230200? | 355819? | 493546? | dilithium3aes |
| 375456 | 376538 | 377696 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 391974? | 393917? | 1173288? | T: pass863 |
| 313624? | 401498? | 708879? | dilithium5aes |
| 406678 | 408899 | 411593 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 293746? | 416190? | 592522? | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 428500 | 429239 | 430375 | T: mqsignrr25611272 |
| 433384 | 442091 | 453898 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 443726 | 449504 | 456054 | T: ronald512 |
| 246378? | 452787? | 1051041? | T: 3icp |
| 456839 | 464785 | 468779 | T: falcon512tree |
| 480369 | 484142 | 487358 | T: donald1024 |
| 489616 | 490722 | 492382 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 501219 | 502503 | 503947 | T: luov863256pc |
| 257274? | 502850? | 911392? | T: lattisigns512 |
| 265100? | 521764? | 751522? | T: qtesla1 |
| 606342 | 608611 | 609912 | T: mqsignlr25614896 |
| 401119? | 613032? | 784201? | nccsign1aes |
| 328545? | 654057? | 999642? | T: pass769 |
| 475039? | 666867? | 907133? | nccsign1 |
| 695226 | 711246 | 714051 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 610685? | 722644? | 1789280? | T: qtesla3f |
| 434406? | 725559? | 929650? | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 514199? | 736250? | 1302757? | nccsign3aes |
| 770322 | 777002 | 784116 | T: ronald768 |
| 818758 | 820812 | 821830 | T: mqsignrr25614896 |
| 832364 | 840236 | 849047 | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 877002 | 883555 | 890340 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 280350? | 918075? | 1548125? | T: pflash1 |
| 696976? | 925047? | 1146210? | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 920863 | 927035 | 933813 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 925807 | 928663 | 930179 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 924309 | 929636 | 944288 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 625425? | 930307? | 1440061? | nccsign3 |
| 943972 | 949959 | 960457 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 958716 | 962615 | 965656 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 963845 | 965158 | 967790 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 1017695 | 1019927 | 1032729 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 1011808 | 1022748 | 1029664 | T: donald2048 |
| 1012468 | 1026979 | 1038072 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1105632 | 1108632 | 1111881 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 820464? | 1166920? | 1607340? | nccsign5aes |
| 710109? | 1250519? | 2222009? | T: qtesla1p |
| 1286051 | 1293761 | 1306518 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 1299126 | 1311599 | 1321929 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 1311930 | 1314036 | 1315932 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 1318175 | 1327043 | 1333272 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 966219? | 1354335? | 1842772? | nccsign5 |
| 1375531 | 1377740 | 1380617 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 1440389 | 1444969 | 1454392 | T: luov890351pc |
| 1785741 | 1795510 | 1803195 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 1263777? | 1928501? | 2881134? | T: qtesla3s |
| 2044120 | 2061399 | 2065170 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 2113049 | 2125004 | 2143949 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 2124816 | 2132449 | 2139820 | T: luov8117404pc |
| 1159580? | 2180263? | 3235640? | haetae2 |
| 2242893 | 2245788 | 2248354 | aimer128f |
| 2324915 | 2326665 | 2329077 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 2723222 | 2731144 | 2739156 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2776027 | 2780195 | 2948519 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 1525719? | 2819023? | 5422529? | haetae3 |
| 2964093 | 2973708 | 2990516 | T: edons128ref |
| 3047381 | 3049586 | 3055015 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 1846056? | 3422309? | 6571959? | haetae5 |
| 3459984 | 3467471 | 3477089 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 3653345 | 3674682 | 3685121 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 3812063 | 3816647 | 3822522 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 3376605? | 4042140? | 4989149? | T: redgemss128 |
| 4050725 | 4054824 | 4060739 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 4189553 | 4193516 | 4197676 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 4311571 | 4323746 | 4342574 | T: ronald2048 |
| 3951111? | 4638510? | 5852809? | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 5271908 | 5276904 | 5297224 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 5276336 | 5281446 | 5284780 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 5490776 | 5493849 | 5499875 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 5522903 | 5525602 | 5531933 | picnicl1full |
| 5655409 | 5658244 | 5661299 | aimer192f |
| 4105398? | 6265353? | 10660968? | T: qtesla3p |
| 6621152 | 6630339 | 6642009 | T: mqdss48 |
| 6655608 | 6658320 | 6662303 | T: luov863256 |
| 6710549 | 6715778 | 6719708 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 6949381 | 6966939 | 6977314 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 7292064 | 7296944 | 7302509 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 7348832 | 7356301 | 7363382 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 7591951 | 7596973 | 7606032 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 8180919 | 8193251 | 8258585 | picnicl1fs |
| 8373324 | 8376900 | 8382894 | crossrsdp128small |
| 8905855 | 8912555 | 8955327 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 9453925 | 9461349 | 9463900 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 10584093 | 10608172 | 10613607 | picnicl1ur |
| 10793541 | 10803229 | 10814587 | picnicl3full |
| 11250101 | 11256214 | 11280739 | aimer256f |
| 11556140 | 11574031 | 11604434 | T: ronald3072 |
| 9679831? | 11686263? | 13974049? | T: redgemss192 |
| 11886755 | 11899774 | 11918930 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 10719280? | 12801119? | 15149571? | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 13298749 | 13306169 | 13319658 | crossrsdp192small |
| 13601205 | 13615027 | 13627798 | T: gravitysphincsm |
| 15483095 | 15491211 | 15501596 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 15723884 | 15741812 | 15774047 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 17159243 | 17171502 | 17198256 | aimer128s |
| 17338176 | 17345444 | 17367495 | T: mqdss64 |
| 17815586 | 17830916 | 17848966 | picnicl5full |
| 16388543? | 19888773? | 20544257? | T: redgemss256 |
| 20229683 | 20285876 | 20337461 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 20274849 | 20292888 | 20303364 | picnicl3fs |
| 17839882? | 20308826? | 24644150? | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 21498001 | 21531341 | 21566257 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 22303960 | 22317290 | 22329214 | T: luov890351 |
| 24361941 | 24404077 | 24443918 | T: ronald4096 |
| 24850512 | 24862742 | 24878075 | crossrsdp256small |
| 25631056 | 25648434 | 25672983 | picnic3l1 |
| 26575085 | 26587874 | 26614726 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 27199940 | 27332148 | 27412751 | picnicl3ur |
| 27623931 | 27654994 | 27669838 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 34770696 | 34928276 | 35027005 | picnicl5fs |
| 38288661 | 38345525 | 38433069 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 38984624 | 39019927 | 39058268 | T: luov8117404 |
| 42342265 | 42377102 | 42417947 | aimer192s |
| 45205429 | 45296114 | 45420959 | picnicl5ur |
| 45576097 | 45665531 | 45711703 | T: luov4849242 |
| 56293110 | 56325872 | 56399824 | picnic3l3 |
| 58563443 | 58618093 | 58692716 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 75503313 | 75585439 | 75625138 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 77270886 | 77296081 | 77355239 | T: sphincs256 |
| 77366129 | 77519545 | 77663290 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 80853832 | 80886581 | 80962636 | aimer256s |
| 94364476 | 94433830 | 94506379 | picnic3l5 |
| 103477984 | 103641658 | 104118064 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 121413826 | 122532421 | 123167327 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 127953085 | 128037715 | 128106366 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 137877461 | 137940800 | 138014439 | T: luov6468330 |
| 116133843? | 139353879? | 162750545? | T: bluegemss128 |
| 119959214? | 143949258? | 167627365? | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 148473128 | 148588047 | 148731365 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 199556045 | 199845926 | 200056742 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 205656300 | 205804568 | 206051487 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 213024608 | 213072835 | 213155794 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 219982288 | 220127113 | 220465991 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 261225349 | 261498251 | 262261295 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 276610023 | 278438896 | 280883536 | T: luov8086399 |
| 289341136 | 289902438 | 297155327 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 366868395 | 367130517 | 367448079 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 295065663? | 368300744? | 441550402? | T: bluegemss192 |
| 369723305 | 370030281 | 370386056 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 321131968? | 385429548? | 449794025? | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 455932539 | 456182431 | 456434581 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 482384586 | 482969071 | 483425214 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 525214992 | 525519393 | 525801442 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 574584412 | 574770089 | 575055489 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 611781029 | 612236591 | 612469743 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 654076495 | 655155028 | 655717818 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 549958360? | 660130598? | 863342147? | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 626926948? | 752292705? | 877844334? | T: bluegemss256 |
| 835591612 | 836897990 | 837682738 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 846694399 | 847119641 | 847524537 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 716459642? | 860128147? | 1146807579? | T: gemss128v2 |
| 735455662 | 882539524 | 885157210 | T: gemss128 |
| 1046767935 | 1047185081 | 1047656240 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 1210170030 | 1211003507 | 1212026237 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 1257304978 | 1257618003 | 1258033155 | T: picnic2l5fs |
| 1354067132 | 1354452241 | 1355935166 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 1820836069 | 1821432887 | 1846652168 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 2141220199? | 2568397669? | 2994905652? | T: gemss192v2 |
| 2617568711 | 2618268524 | 2618759710 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 2728177465 | 2730933838 | 2731848918 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 2525013676? | 3032275019? | 3538016751? | T: gemss192 |
| 3170988376 | 3174502181 | 3179143121 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 3872428650? | 4648219870? | 6193780851? | T: gemss256v2 |
| 4833718479 | 4834756926 | 4840232422 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 5010204605 | 5011434445 | 5012630223 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 4397896233? | 5276900380? | 6156453526? | T: gemss256 |
| 5549986621 | 5554597166 | 5561418642 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 6837136376 | 6841605731 | 6844140798 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 7011147795 | 7013954941 | 7016549466 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 8734541074 | 8736831708 | 8739125889 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 11529102818 | 11537250146 | 11545312860 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
|
| Cycles to verify 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 7393 | 7499 | 7711 | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 10348 | 10407 | 10478 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 18785 | 18823 | 18898 | T: 3icp |
| 21212 | 21941 | 22402 | T: rainbowbinary16242020 |
| 23206 | 23484 | 23882 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 27894 | 28391 | 28720 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 29436 | 29516 | 29717 | T: tts6440 |
| 32526 | 33207 | 34735 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 33856 | 34146 | 34622 | T: ronald512 |
| 36899 | 37135 | 37599 | T: ronald768 |
| 41342 | 41831 | 42279 | T: ronald1024 |
| 49400 | 49708 | 49924 | T: lattisigns512 |
| 52536 | 52793 | 53906 | T: ronald1536 |
| 65657 | 67167 | 68683 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 68431 | 68778 | 69721 | T: ronald2048 |
| 69579 | 69906 | 70274 | T: sflashv2 |
| 78013 | 79050 | 79488 | T: falcon512tree |
| 80568 | 80749 | 81003 | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 85773 | 86070 | 86554 | T: mqsignlr2567246 |
| 85897 | 86255 | 87114 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 87313 | 87747 | 88893 | T: mqsignrr2567246 |
| 87143 | 87821 | 88366 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 95658 | 96248 | 96931 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 102689 | 103132 | 103649 | T: qtesla1 |
| 111805 | 112338 | 113053 | T: ronald3072 |
| 116212 | 116456 | 116805 | dilithium3aes |
| 123649 | 124461 | 125356 | T: luov863256pc |
| 157389 | 158387 | 159950 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 157924 | 158781 | 160179 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 158545 | 159018 | 159487 | haetae2 |
| 160203 | 160524 | 160770 | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 169594 | 171233 | 172165 | T: ronald4096 |
| 170959 | 171472 | 172563 | dilithium5aes |
| 181010 | 182040 | 182787 | ed25519 |
| 194732 | 195777 | 197453 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 214469 | 215228 | 215949 | T: qtesla3f |
| 216122 | 216791 | 217502 | T: qtesla3s |
| 216404 | 225600 | 232086 | T: pflash1 |
| 249274 | 250111 | 250720 | haetae3 |
| 268711 | 270466 | 274395 | T: gravitysphincsm |
| 273398 | 274696 | 275977 | nccsign1aes |
| 276631 | 276950 | 277253 | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 273743 | 279942 | 293702 | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 290699 | 294335 | 297475 | T: mqsignlr25611272 |
| 293498 | 294470 | 295928 | T: mqsignrr25611272 |
| 292653 | 294910 | 297611 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 293371 | 294959 | 297454 | T: luov890351pc |
| 293349 | 295252 | 298366 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 304528 | 304881 | 305667 | haetae5 |
| 303464 | 311272 | 317491 | T: gemss128 |
| 318753 | 320518 | 321615 | nccsign1 |
| 322266 | 326548 | 333375 | T: bluegemss128 |
| 323486 | 331797 | 340427 | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 325796 | 333124 | 342421 | T: redgemss128 |
| 333100 | 337754 | 347054 | T: gemss128v2 |
| 351988 | 353211 | 354879 | nccsign3aes |
| 366980 | 367512 | 368257 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 363303 | 371267 | 384189 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 372896 | 375285 | 378581 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 383540 | 386321 | 388134 | T: donald1024 |
| 405330 | 407807 | 410326 | T: luov8117404pc |
| 422527 | 423828 | 426149 | nccsign3 |
| 420592 | 427168 | 438926 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 446335 | 447486 | 450039 | T: pass769 |
| 449790 | 450153 | 450756 | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 469946 | 473812 | 484478 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 513428 | 514154 | 515388 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 505670 | 519293 | 526747 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 524055 | 525104 | 527747 | T: qtesla1p |
| 513796 | 525657 | 544061 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 511162 | 525863 | 543348 | T: mqsignlr25614896 |
| 516504 | 526131 | 546246 | T: mqsignrr25614896 |
| 525241 | 526871 | 529425 | T: pass863 |
| 552141 | 554110 | 556400 | nccsign5aes |
| 555299 | 561348 | 581259 | T: redgemss192 |
| 602976 | 612701 | 640135 | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 621986 | 628614 | 644765 | T: gemss192 |
| 626726 | 633644 | 642812 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 635155 | 637168 | 641018 | nccsign5 |
| 633879 | 645583 | 659347 | T: bluegemss192 |
| 647761 | 650297 | 652039 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 677565 | 689081 | 698736 | T: gemss192v2 |
| 693467 | 701119 | 704791 | T: edons128ref |
| 682916 | 705034 | 715975 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 760444 | 771850 | 787617 | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 870916 | 871897 | 873085 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 863448 | 875596 | 888949 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 929988 | 936412 | 942590 | T: hector |
| 957997 | 960662 | 969071 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 986731 | 997335 | 1012506 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 1070450 | 1092193 | 1101465 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 1107502 | 1111385 | 1118130 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 1143948 | 1171490 | 1199184 | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 1190465 | 1203393 | 1210009 | T: donald2048 |
| 1195303 | 1227449 | 1329335 | T: gemss256 |
| 1215365 | 1236307 | 1253015 | T: redgemss256 |
| 1245891 | 1273253 | 1300430 | T: gemss256v2 |
| 1256524 | 1274198 | 1311053 | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 1256698 | 1278425 | 1316785 | T: bluegemss256 |
| 1444659 | 1446591 | 1447571 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 1481467 | 1495886 | 1518852 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 1546535 | 1561682 | 1571266 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 1593826 | 1614251 | 1641678 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 1613903 | 1624778 | 1645392 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 1759050 | 1762405 | 1768744 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 1807344 | 1813622 | 1818720 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 1877126 | 1883577 | 2010353 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 1932355 | 1934401 | 1937329 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 1949535 | 1959183 | 1966495 | T: sphincs256 |
| 2208650 | 2211470 | 2214587 | aimer128f |
| 2372326 | 2375282 | 2378248 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 2406226 | 2412188 | 2422911 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 2466255 | 2469515 | 2480274 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 2465025 | 2471354 | 2477889 | T: qtesla3p |
| 2455625 | 2490240 | 2548358 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 2595925 | 2611920 | 2649378 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 2684131 | 2687171 | 2690200 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 2774700 | 2823469 | 2864725 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 2955166 | 2957940 | 2961886 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 3257178 | 3272178 | 3284691 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 3325127 | 3328369 | 3331636 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 3359592 | 3362141 | 3364189 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 3478796 | 3560903 | 3658487 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 3797976 | 3800504 | 3803979 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 3952302 | 3963107 | 3968743 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 3941958 | 4003429 | 4040555 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 4105639 | 4125780 | 4131266 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 4239368 | 4275530 | 4289721 | picnicl1full |
| 4339007 | 4341274 | 4344531 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 4378715 | 4418480 | 4441442 | T: mqdss48 |
| 4995124 | 5079242 | 5198676 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 5149077 | 5225013 | 5315041 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 5352548 | 5356347 | 5361876 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 5581349 | 5582285 | 5583455 | aimer192f |
| 5654357 | 5657329 | 5662785 | T: luov863256 |
| 5595613 | 5668794 | 5772042 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 5852969 | 5854608 | 5860112 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 5882538 | 6026236 | 6161660 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 6162330 | 6169573 | 6175289 | crossrsdp128small |
| 6251570 | 6255259 | 6262605 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 6587649 | 6608580 | 6672923 | picnicl1fs |
| 6656769 | 6670027 | 6688789 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 6738305 | 6907810 | 7073387 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 7020556 | 7035036 | 7051331 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 7185320 | 7297231 | 7414811 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 7955101 | 7960305 | 7970760 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 8006036 | 8103853 | 8232463 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 8531549 | 8550862 | 8560091 | picnicl3full |
| 8583933 | 8614472 | 8665302 | picnicl1ur |
| 8618367 | 8770298 | 8910829 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 9597290 | 9601698 | 9608603 | crossrsdp192small |
| 9808163 | 9918902 | 10011219 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 9967775 | 10098029 | 10225246 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
| 10162469 | 10254282 | 10339294 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 10684218 | 10693728 | 10713667 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 11156796 | 11160174 | 11166041 | aimer256f |
| 11894354 | 11958262 | 12068675 | T: mqdss64 |
| 11857155 | 11980255 | 12099170 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 13377459 | 13400113 | 13419651 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 13603214 | 13859766 | 14057480 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 13802446 | 13948009 | 14046898 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 14050464 | 14087492 | 14104621 | picnicl5full |
| 14190936 | 14200926 | 14220948 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 14494965 | 14677619 | 14882374 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 14616570 | 14823690 | 14991920 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 15809711 | 16099077 | 16445897 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 16764913 | 16875716 | 16963114 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 16927749 | 17009004 | 17161954 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 17046707 | 17080230 | 17125680 | aimer128s |
| 17717285 | 17724541 | 17734546 | crossrsdp256small |
| 17890405 | 17927226 | 17992404 | picnicl3fs |
| 18614452 | 18628804 | 18645625 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 19886299 | 19899404 | 19914771 | T: luov890351 |
| 19831889 | 20027857 | 20205303 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 21219466 | 21229107 | 21249881 | picnic3l1 |
| 22568399 | 22615205 | 22682994 | picnicl3ur |
| 26845605 | 27162679 | 27417125 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 28226563 | 28512228 | 28814203 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 28739390 | 29010260 | 29185130 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 30539044 | 30641477 | 30733033 | picnicl5fs |
| 32157674 | 32169266 | 32181639 | T: luov4849242 |
| 34488415 | 34520181 | 34570371 | T: luov8117404 |
| 38281429 | 38373083 | 38391788 | picnicl5ur |
| 42084656 | 42097223 | 42133552 | aimer192s |
| 46527589 | 46553132 | 46603050 | picnic3l3 |
| 72975521 | 73059822 | 73160808 | picnic3l5 |
| 80635754 | 80700317 | 80818130 | aimer256s |
| 84004712 | 84022319 | 84056032 | T: luov6468330 |
| 102568908 | 103221952 | 103563535 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 103664849 | 104299293 | 104674122 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 106466749 | 106498225 | 106562401 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 162426461 | 162589462 | 162646264 | T: luov8086399 |
| 226860838 | 228716348 | 236293790 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 231961475 | 233331127 | 236379062 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 244904893 | 245007718 | 245102699 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 432803759 | 432938923 | 433033270 | T: picnic2l5fs |
|
|
|