VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Comet Lake (806ec); 2019 Intel Core i3-10110U; 2 x 2100MHz; comet, supercop-20240909

[Page version: 20241006 02:11:55]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
400640184030picnicl1full
431643274369picnic3l1
525552895343
T:
picnic2l1fs
576757805818picnicl3full
616161726198picnic3l3
615761846232picnicl1ur
616561886250picnicl1fs
752275467577picnicl5full
754475767642picnic3l5
850685508888
T:
picnic2l3fs
99761002410125picnicl3fs
99921004710128picnicl3ur
110751126011667
T:
picnic2l5fs
133011336413572picnicl5fs
132651363113724picnicl5ur
456824577945868ed25519
470034706947115aimer128f
473294738647481aimer128s
506725093451416T!!!dilithium2aes
801278044580724dilithium3aes
824968270483002T!!!dilithium2
114516114696114834aimer192s
120344120436120723aimer192f
120461120740121179dilithium5aes
149835150255150610T!!!dilithium3
153464153711153969
T:
ed448goldilocks
190623191470192411nccsign1aes
226991228171229503
T:
pass769
227879228232228668T!!!dilithium5
243643245358247361nccsign1
247319248792250793nccsign3aes
256339257674259952
T:
pass863
274822275245275937aimer256f
303608303889304455aimer256s
326810329638331557nccsign3
391634392853395985nccsign5aes
450109452353457311
T:
donald1024
497450501588504509nccsign5
269003?554861?981331?haetae2
684112684998685837
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
495904?836504?1518017?haetae5
857989860622863120
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
874170876048878810
T:
mqdss48
886636893467899249
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
110998611175091124100
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
119430011950391195592
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
670107?1220365?2001728?haetae3
137916313894971400951
T:
donald2048
1273444?1678349?2477858?
T:
qtesla1
204404220470882050817
T:
mqdss64
238785423906032403218
T:
sphincs256
256779725752692581459
T:
edons128ref
258597525891572592252
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
318501331942333204326
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
443481644355524438751
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
471877947518084789073
T:
luov863256
3441710?5045708?6714780?
T:
qtesla3f
658179165822346583067
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
5120157?6784988?10086880?
T:
qtesla3s
721343172210907386358mqsignlr2567246
5741175?7267923?8061276?
T:
qtesla1p
743776374480157536429
T:
mqsignlr2567246
784044978624117893821
T:
luov863256pc
797975379805818025019
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
948128694898919554094
T:
mqsignrr2567246
988801999024299917141mqsignrr2567246
102833061033381910392932
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
119421341195554111973321
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
166632051728562118974702
T:
falcon512dyn
173571051735850717366911
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
179968891801578218033466
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
171755111841481520755355
T:
falcon512tree
197068521985086719899117
T:
luov890351
201298222016009020180029
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
204122962047618020541452
T:
luov4849242
207280582076379420825838
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
246829822468738424693228
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
256326102564308425678503
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
313320363141253931580757
T:
luov890351pc
317763403177797031806731
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
330658283310177633150734mqsignlr25611272
335109873357148933651712
T:
luov8117404
343800663441945934461397
T:
mqsignlr25611272
365645483660985836627733
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
384312603848505938698091
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
398222833987553739918326mqsignrr25611272
415800874170279841804961
T:
mqsignrr25611272
418458554195969642083632
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
37006752?43414913?49854422?
T:
qtesla3p
448592424599112746639542
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
520229875349514956022882
T:
falcon1024dyn
563979825640318356408177
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
53820677?58103975?67673539?
T:
falcon1024tree
579737095843120858493045
T:
luov8117404pc
675512876771572667796245
T:
luov6468330
700211517014421570324129
T:
bluegemss128
751035427512115875177887
T:
gemss128
828871028359678085618679
T:
mqsignlr25614896
807280358378963584133926mqsignlr25614896
844205218443332484458416
T:
redgemss128
931879729323194693275002
T:
gemss128v2
956844199570397595749174
T:
bluegemss128v2
984264439846836398543931
T:
redgemss128v2
113380256113479359114729238
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
113136601114063099115270374mqsignrr25614896
117120203118425192118872139
T:
mqsignrr25614896
118920380119024813119067942
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
130530039130669461130774066
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
134137754134354876134583656
T:
luov8086399
142055889142062181142070013
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
173981888174081286174209167
T:
sflashv2
208638596208676526208689233
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
254913253254936151255123474
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
257904145258358562259754814
T:
gemss192
261492724261828756262246735
T:
redgemss192
263386220265034305265467015
T:
redgemss192v2
281403447282891951283633705
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
329777956331996263332816252
T:
bluegemss192
332365936332797439334833532
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
346570582346816245348927877
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
348031826348139807348545709
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
380007753380038401380081950
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
432686326433596172433889982
T:
gemss192v2
437567899437975174438890341
T:
bluegemss192v2
507588578507677364511582021
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
775496596777976723781112481
T:
bluegemss256
777199622781291983788527213
T:
redgemss256
780851609783217106784919786
T:
redgemss256v2
789910945790399563791935602
T:
gemss256
107192007210750646141077409173
T:
gravitysphincss
126573333812748113671279637183
T:
gemss256v2
128238969512946349391303592037
T:
bluegemss256v2
373678940138487715013953109745
T:
pqrsa15
171485325251715584043317203571272
T:
gravitysphincsl
343043206683431055992234313300530
T:
gravitysphincsm
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
174361769618368
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
349703569136687
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
482544830948405ed25519
97449100197102331
T:
mqsignlr2567246
102069102339103093
T:
sflashv2
96184102460103460
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
82435?117159?171073?T!!!dilithium2aes
123407124756126708mqsignlr2567246
133909134504136005
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
134720137466138881
T:
mqsignrr2567246
158332160120162428mqsignrr2567246
118186?160726?268299?T!!!dilithium2
160952161287161504
T:
ed448goldilocks
143506?201339?298053?dilithium3aes
165991?231147?395415?dilithium5aes
236978?249238?483245?
T:
pass769
249011252238252878
T:
mqsignlr25611272
310877313637314626mqsignlr25611272
194764?342130?678886?
T:
qtesla1
340645?343784?510257?nccsign1aes
244067?355242?673303?T!!!dilithium3
375018377260378040
T:
mqsignrr25611272
385702389981392753
T:
donald1024
335287?400635?485035?T!!!dilithium5
401093402160404588
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
403444408773411612
T:
falcon512tree
407675409666411513
T:
luov863256pc
405559?410956?715391?nccsign1
439763441121442100mqsignrr25611272
493302503818504836
T:
mqsignlr25614896
516925519264520960
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
274367?543549?556541?
T:
pass863
403082?579162?1241276?
T:
qtesla3f
431992?598108?815851?nccsign3aes
615149616827618628mqsignlr25614896
698424703095704590
T:
mqsignrr25614896
526695?725835?1023520?nccsign3
733759739267743119
T:
falcon512dyn
809533812545816030mqsignrr25614896
506948?823536?1481371?
T:
qtesla1p
813556824371833591
T:
falcon1024tree
548119?866359?1696618?
T:
qtesla3s
916074917154918053
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
913849920483925149
T:
donald2048
950745953331956275
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
695697?966501?1310300?nccsign5aes
825373?1142228?1604043?nccsign5
118750312013851205338
T:
luov890351pc
122943812304191231116aimer128f
141641514283441448382
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
149519915032571507343
T:
falcon1024dyn
175345417567801758786
T:
luov8117404pc
1002740?1826100?3078530?haetae3
1061686?1920579?3599911?haetae5
660171?2325056?3162129?haetae2
309743130995123101533aimer192f
319242732013623217889
T:
edons128ref
329847733005073321019
T:
luov863256
3398051?3958362?4983987?
T:
redgemss128v2
3308700?3994432?4848951?
T:
redgemss128
407134240729394074613picnicl1full
2281407?4091141?6563058?
T:
qtesla3p
488179849199644939216
T:
mqdss48
503501050377065041032picnicl1fs
630273163037946305214picnicl1ur
661466966186626626257aimer256f
803437780354928037107picnicl3full
922015292245929229270
T:
gravitysphincss
945422994565959476127aimer128s
7825087?9491388?11101001?
T:
redgemss192
8923524?10491506?12187486?
T:
redgemss192v2
107056101075807910823907
T:
luov890351
113741991143799511781096
T:
mqdss64
118059111181483011855548picnicl3fs
134739501347789213484528picnicl5full
12649696?15059763?18043784?
T:
redgemss256
152496031525422415262644picnicl3ur
167689831677356516858132
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
167675361677420416781722
T:
gravitysphincsm
174525391746235617468855picnic3l1
15207611?17707550?22181212?
T:
redgemss256v2
184447221846265618547868
T:
luov8117404
194678681947907619599541
T:
gravitysphincsl
201459072018744120213752picnicl5fs
231816632318503123377351aimer192s
240733612409825024121147
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
251221022522440825252370picnicl5ur
323219013236176232390455
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
329084773295680233008200
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
367272593675924836777823
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
377924513782047337858605picnic3l3
417926074197959342045377
T:
sphincs256
456406974566705445691400
T:
luov4849242
476091644764127747697574aimer256s
647537326478587864849544picnic3l5
659747716600210766025531
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
881837098825736688296208
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
101111695101185278101359062
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
120158216120230097121208709
T:
pqrsa15
101689737?121853023?161804270?
T:
bluegemss128v2
142266854142309169142401703
T:
luov6468330
144507877144626204144829548
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
120121774?146855142?192522900?
T:
bluegemss128
153830576154088261154129671
T:
picnic2l1fs
185627138185744179185891164
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
239002119239239338239315248
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
248801549249014051249251616
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
283202571283588206283822777
T:
luov8086399
263507005?315980209?368291673?
T:
bluegemss192v2
331043518331429390331865845
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
306432023?367264096?489661071?
T:
bluegemss192
409052927409238345409394257
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
453910085454004549454119019
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
472755723472842161472939109
T:
picnic2l3fs
519195885521010530521369380
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
447985740?535828955?623983978?
T:
bluegemss256v2
469471792?562028658?748829283?
T:
bluegemss256
580982500581551077582175977
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
721985832722375053724986640
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
628619324?770274134?1024147818?
T:
gemss128v2
803558974803859617804112851
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
983969752985065162985800055
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
997888911999216381999359474
T:
picnic2l5fs
762614360?1055389510?1206763291?
T:
gemss128
123161742912328201411234419824
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
177892681321342751442153637496
T:
gemss192v2
228103948522812202392281982055
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
1990196848?2388900066?2794686675?
T:
gemss192
344567475734524719203476080676
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
381747644438185899243819095339
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
3271062303?3952858633?4611339024?
T:
gemss256v2
3342189381?4010558880?5336903187?
T:
gemss256
475891581947595423754759846793
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
594108889859418381955942110947
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
790583647879076630267908120589
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
147681490915079
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
269182743028394
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
371473836639808
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
608086091061068T!!!dilithium2aes
733597449676649
T:
gravitysphincss
849658614487009
T:
falcon512tree
852908653287959
T:
mqsignlr2567246
850128688187741mqsignlr2567246
869748719887433dilithium3aes
866678787889250mqsignrr2567246
868658823489749
T:
mqsignrr2567246
900549020690370T!!!dilithium2
968809768898871
T:
falcon512dyn
100474100949101435
T:
qtesla1
116687117459117853
T:
sflashv2
118609119061119652haetae2
128862129105129397dilithium5aes
138249139944143056
T:
luov863256pc
146746147019147182T!!!dilithium3
164171164856165816ed25519
169868170913172106
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
171182172081173934
T:
falcon1024tree
194600196243196997
T:
falcon1024dyn
199667200044201151haetae3
200922201374202051
T:
qtesla3f
209005209415210517
T:
qtesla3s
229452229922230125T!!!dilithium5
230474231475232000nccsign1aes
240160240506241099haetae5
272216273353274851nccsign1
267231275747283410
T:
bluegemss128
289157290039292089nccsign3aes
294075294437294898mqsignrr25611272
294184294596295068
T:
mqsignrr25611272
294726295097295669
T:
mqsignlr25611272
294715295216295703mqsignlr25611272
291247295331298897
T:
donald1024
292691296324300767
T:
gravitysphincsm
294485298940304572
T:
redgemss128v2
294901303816311807
T:
gemss128
311810314328316621
T:
pass769
351414352998400904
T:
luov890351pc
352345353665356267
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
353025354672355953
T:
pass863
355116356642358132nccsign3
359012363812370295
T:
redgemss128
392490400135405706
T:
gravitysphincsl
397806415317424132
T:
gemss128v2
407447417720422868
T:
bluegemss128v2
464811468830478500
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
467343468879471589nccsign5aes
480229482617483911
T:
qtesla1p
497657508258522469
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
480633508860571524
T:
luov8117404pc
510738511849512953
T:
ed448goldilocks
517414523871548677mqsignrr25614896
519839543474545287mqsignlr25614896
515337544489546607
T:
mqsignlr25614896
522960548305560267
T:
mqsignrr25614896
551434554110556440nccsign5
655739669996690382
T:
redgemss192
687558700799715946
T:
redgemss192v2
696681711678730118
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
704704720046732753
T:
bluegemss192
708515729162748618
T:
gemss192
738321752043773909
T:
gemss192v2
744171754591769550
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
776590789498801415
T:
edons128ref
782039791292814092
T:
bluegemss192v2
792786799578809021
T:
donald2048
9788579923351003509
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
113221911433171154065
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
116240511813741198130
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
119297111936961195199aimer128f
127477012822501289399
T:
sphincs256
126323113000221356958
T:
gemss256
127344213100491352356
T:
bluegemss256
136484513992251457540
T:
redgemss256
139368314304881500621
T:
redgemss256v2
142048914561351492681
T:
gemss256v2
146292714814051500820
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
145788314961481548742
T:
bluegemss256v2
163037816622181685817
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
186998218926901906935
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
188548619059981925786
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
225642922613112269462
T:
qtesla3p
264613226507672651813
T:
luov863256
276179127895052808946
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
287291729014402928936
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
303837030405553042301aimer192f
309893731172943140890
T:
mqdss48
332741133294363336122picnicl1full
342665834937193590973
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
426242542706484282118picnicl1fs
531178653147435343671picnicl1ur
576487458631635949693
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
648711564982346509827aimer256f
652675066845706762817
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
669387966980696710624picnicl3full
656036767232586847882
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
764899777092187771415
T:
mqdss64
826104784779668607896
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
932208693512169361327
T:
luov890351
939111293989129400740aimer128s
9983138999285610019354picnicl3fs
98606601002632110206376
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
112332301125357011261524picnicl5full
127092881273993312748983picnicl3ur
126182511287136612982588
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
132876291335194513399634
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
133590851336103813533306
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
133703051353106213661192
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
137858341379917113805605picnic3l1
153653631554176615716600
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
160566831606808616192990
T:
luov8117404
160297741634556216517245
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
171415681717373417257957
T:
pqrsa15
171772941719806817227411picnicl5fs
212716212132730021347791picnicl5ur
230833112311561623129247aimer192s
259307882615274726665008
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
258900122619890926408063
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
298737132989661329916614picnic3l3
317934943180751331822928
T:
luov4849242
469117154698543747096934picnic3l5
474188894742260447460177aimer256s
669058936697495266999876
T:
picnic2l1fs
802577788031481380411745
T:
luov6468330
805596088078296380805597
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
810273798104884281133783
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
150480092150591657150654867
T:
picnic2l3fs
164225880164674663164738130
T:
luov8086399
179493807179867094180097278
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
179795651179929235183979304
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
267544638267873816268149282
T:
picnic2l5fs