| Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Comet Lake (806ec); 2019 Intel Core i3-10110U; 2 x 2100MHz; comet, supercop-20250415
[Page version: 20251028 08:35:44] 
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key signature systems:
 
Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
Time to sign a short message (59 bytes).
Time to open a signed short message,
i.e., to verify a (larger) signed message and recover the original short message.
Space (bytes) for a secret key.
Space for a public key.
Space for a signature on a 0-byte message.
Space for a signature on a 23-byte message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus 23 bytes.
Space for a signature on a long message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus the message length.
 
For signature systems that support "message recovery",
the space for a signature on a long message
is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.
 
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements,
the median of many speed measurements,
the third quartile of many speed measurements, and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
 
There is a
separate page
with more information about each signature system and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new signature systems
and new implementations of existing signature systems
should read the call for submissions.
 
 Test results Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
 NISTPQC graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
 Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256 
| 
| 
| Cycles to generate a key pair | 
|---|
 | 25% | 50% | 75% | system | 
|---|
 | 4008 | 4013 | 4027 | picnicl1full |  | 4355 | 4365 | 4404 | picnic3l1 |  | 5273 | 5291 | 5320 | T:picnic2l1fs |  | 5755 | 5764 | 5782 | picnicl3full |  | 6161 | 6167 | 6195 | picnic3l3 |  | 6164 | 6189 | 6234 | picnicl1ur |  | 6170 | 6202 | 6280 | picnicl1fs |  | 7500 | 7516 | 7595 | picnic3l5 |  | 7550 | 7590 | 7701 | picnicl5full |  | 8412 | 8501 | 8696 | T:picnic2l3fs |  | 9991 | 10026 | 10118 | picnicl3fs |  | 9989 | 10034 | 10151 | picnicl3ur |  | 11485 | 11627 | 11898 | T:picnic2l5fs |  | 12888 | 12920 | 13290 | picnicl5fs |  | 13130 | 13457 | 13736 | picnicl5ur |  | 25272 | 25454 | 25813 | T:lattisigns512 |  | 42986 | 43354 | 43656 | crossrsdpg128fast |  | 43065 | 43456 | 43702 | crossrsdpg128balanced |  | 43149 | 43504 | 43690 | crossrsdpg128small |  | 45741 | 45830 | 45936 | ed25519 |  | 46950 | 47060 | 47185 | aimer128f |  | 50787 | 50896 | 51126 | T!!!dilithium2aes |  | 54590 | 54736 | 54926 | aimer128s |  | 80345 | 80474 | 80892 | dilithium3aes |  | 82494 | 82649 | 83064 | T!!!dilithium2 |  | 90952 | 91184 | 91449 | crossrsdpg192fast |  | 91263 | 91494 | 91687 | crossrsdpg192balanced |  | 92216 | 92379 | 92575 | crossrsdpg192small |  | 98111 | 99120 | 99290 | crossrsdp128small |  | 106626 | 107258 | 108730 | T:ecdonaldp256 |  | 107643 | 108703 | 109146 | crossrsdp128fast |  | 107987 | 108812 | 109511 | crossrsdp128balanced |  | 120387 | 120587 | 120852 | aimer192f |  | 120526 | 120882 | 121440 | dilithium5aes |  | 122128 | 122294 | 122497 | aimer192s |  | 148956 | 149255 | 149655 | T!!!dilithium3 |  | 153484 | 153899 | 154282 | T:ed448goldilocks |  | 153197 | 154307 | 155493 | crossrsdpg256balanced |  | 153777 | 154435 | 156105 | crossrsdpg256fast |  | 153297 | 154634 | 155457 | crossrsdpg256small |  | 154843 | 155256 | 158680 | T:ecdonaldp224 |  | 185386 | 186748 | 188584 | nccsign1aes |  | 220578 | 222498 | 223004 | crossrsdp192small |  | 222210 | 222525 | 222778 | crossrsdp192balanced |  | 222340 | 222658 | 224465 | crossrsdp192fast |  | 225814 | 226343 | 226963 | T!!!dilithium5 |  | 226245 | 227240 | 229072 | T:pass769 |  | 241081 | 242686 | 245089 | nccsign1 |  | 247203 | 248796 | 250336 | nccsign3aes |  | 248855 | 255094 | 271459 | T:hector |  | 256071 | 257140 | 258673 | T:pass863 |  | 274885 | 275351 | 275726 | aimer256f |  | 304239 | 308617 | 309127 | aimer256s |  | 326962 | 329047 | 332217 | nccsign3 |  | 390228 | 391407 | 395840 | crossrsdp256fast |  | 392329 | 394764 | 396851 | nccsign5aes |  | 395962 | 400229 | 401071 | crossrsdp256small |  | 396588 | 400666 | 401476 | crossrsdp256balanced |  | 448981 | 452143 | 456908 | T:donald1024 |  | 498780 | 501383 | 502889 | nccsign5 |  | 263412? | 612099? | 1377308? | haetae2 |  | 683205 | 683945 | 685001 | T:sphincsf128harakasimple |  | 726697 | 727820 | 732056 | T:ecdonaldp521 |  | 773702 | 776413 | 784633 | T:ecdonaldp160 |  | 819277 | 820901 | 824816 | T:ecdonaldk163 |  | 844584 | 846133 | 851385 | T:ecdonaldb163 |  | 862704 | 864362 | 867356 | T:edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |  | 874595 | 877132 | 880626 | T:mqdss48 |  | 882331 | 886412 | 890536 | T:sphincsf128harakarobust |  | 942185 | 946694 | 956641 | T:ecdonaldp192 |  | 496459? | 949124? | 1751669? | haetae5 |  | 549611? | 996982? | 1561089? | haetae3 |  | 1109471 | 1110507 | 1112054 | T:sphincsf192harakasimple |  | 1147472 | 1152684 | 1157819 | T:ecdonaldk233 |  | 1183343 | 1186291 | 1192804 | T:ecdonaldb233 |  | 1194747 | 1195495 | 1202189 | T:sphincsf192harakarobust |  | 1374167 | 1381699 | 1391573 | T:donald2048 |  | 884538? | 1685957? | 2129687? | T:qtesla1 |  | 1869602 | 1873576 | 1877724 | T:ecdonaldk283 |  | 1963767 | 1965103 | 1973398 | T:ecdonaldb283 |  | 2044456 | 2049983 | 2060936 | T:mqdss64 |  | 2394671 | 2396327 | 2412559 | T:sphincs256 |  | 2560325 | 2568040 | 2575046 | T:edons128ref |  | 2584734 | 2586867 | 2589841 | T:sphincsf256harakasimple |  | 3130846 | 3136239 | 3142686 | T:ecdonaldk409 |  | 3180502 | 3190662 | 3201969 | T:sphincsf256harakarobust |  | 3255515 | 3262651 | 3274705 | T:ecdonaldp384 |  | 3300911 | 3305206 | 3310227 | T:ecdonaldb409 |  | 3422694? | 3469808? | 5101810? | T:qtesla3f |  | 4442280 | 4449452 | 4471899 | T:sphincsf128shake256simple |  | 4717164 | 4722275 | 4786147 | T:luov863256 |  | 4977491? | 5747295? | 7283896? | T:qtesla1p |  | 6585111 | 6593953 | 6640828 | T:sphincsf192shake256simple |  | 6746645 | 6752919 | 6763939 | T:ecdonaldk571 |  | 7222340 | 7232140 | 7273823 | mqsignlr2567246 |  | 7226795 | 7233896 | 7245407 | T:ecdonaldb571 |  | 7445134 | 7451626 | 7458617 | T:mqsignlr2567246 |  | 7603376 | 7642805 | 7655217 | T:3icp |  | 7820640 | 7837633 | 7853424 | T:luov863256pc |  | 7977299 | 7978574 | 7980788 | T:sphincsf128shake256robust |  | 5164532? | 8473754? | 10154354? | T:qtesla3s |  | 9514972 | 9528910 | 9550542 | T:mqsignrr2567246 |  | 9936850 | 9969442 | 9982492 | mqsignrr2567246 |  | 10826989 | 10850299 | 10912822 | T:rainbowbinary256181212 |  | 11945878 | 11946945 | 12020417 | T:sphincsf192shake256robust |  | 8504658? | 12031343? | 15770391? | T:rwb0fuz1024 |  | 16447896 | 17211173 | 18757973 | T:falcon512dyn |  | 17694418 | 17699807 | 17701733 | T:sphincsf256shake256simple |  | 16982419 | 18020199 | 19329782 | T:falcon512tree |  | 18543380 | 18606495 | 18667250 | T:luov890351 |  | 19435670 | 19481378 | 19518869 | T:luov4849242 |  | 20214763 | 20243559 | 20287964 | T:rainbow1acyclicc363232 |  | 20392003 | 20413099 | 20524090 | T:rainbow1aclassic363232 |  | 20736178 | 20834634 | 20914071 | T:rainbow1acompres363232 |  | 18351351? | 21385992? | 29173848? | T:ronald512 |  | 24650105 | 24652408 | 24655791 | T:sphincss128harakasimple |  | 25678711 | 25683968 | 25701408 | T:sphincss128harakarobust |  | 28233504 | 28285446 | 28301333 | T:tts6440 |  | 31275305 | 31315622 | 31346888 | T:luov890351pc |  | 31771175 | 31791007 | 31848645 | T:sphincsf256shake256robust |  | 33088433 | 33114232 | 33142293 | mqsignlr25611272 |  | 33557929 | 33587659 | 33664304 | T:luov8117404 |  | 33916259 | 34453509 | 34495584 | T:mqsignlr25611272 |  | 36478466 | 36518222 | 36542562 | T:sphincss192harakasimple |  | 38485003 | 38681777 | 38917559 | T:sphincss192harakarobust |  | 39900886 | 39945529 | 39978728 | mqsignrr25611272 |  | 41487264 | 41846392 | 41910657 | T:mqsignrr25611272 |  | 41851761 | 41886842 | 41896961 | T:sphincss256harakasimple |  | 36921693? | 43317955? | 56104050? | T:qtesla3p |  | 45201318 | 45917775 | 46548380 | T:rainbowbinary16242020 |  | 37830254? | 47971186? | 64975747? | T:ronald768 |  | 41780535? | 53199492? | 77390691? | T:ronald1024 |  | 52894742 | 53941212 | 61517722 | T:falcon1024tree |  | 51481869 | 54025902 | 56222720 | T:falcon1024dyn |  | 54483070 | 54617656 | 56459995 | T:rainbow5640 |  | 56403042 | 56410962 | 56759034 | T:sphincss256harakarobust |  | 58082102 | 58133244 | 58156864 | T:luov8117404pc |  | 69272131 | 69292797 | 69309177 | T:gemss128 |  | 70616868 | 70659453 | 70705422 | T:bluegemss128 |  | 72056764 | 72202612 | 72396373 | T:luov6468330 |  | 81248527 | 84210709 | 84581528 | mqsignlr25614896 |  | 84395959 | 84415110 | 84437258 | T:redgemss128 |  | 85812088 | 86236013 | 86348264 | T:mqsignlr25614896 |  | 92860825 | 92933402 | 92990663 | T:gemss128v2 |  | 95373840 | 95392922 | 95641183 | T:bluegemss128v2 |  | 95987975 | 96836749 | 97761630 | T:rainbow6440 |  | 98423959 | 98446734 | 98680733 | T:redgemss128v2 |  | 113330504 | 113948860 | 115255962 | mqsignrr25614896 |  | 113782528 | 114196310 | 114949399 | T:rainbow3cclassic683248 |  | 118452799 | 118968868 | 119089044 | T:mqsignrr25614896 |  | 118830292 | 120271974 | 122944706 | T:rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |  | 130932505 | 131319848 | 131484647 | T:rainbow3ccompres683248 |  | 134355320 | 134623670 | 135180464 | T:luov8086399 |  | 142023464 | 142031997 | 143884906 | T:sphincss128shake256simple |  | 201395052 | 201558008 | 201610848 | T:sflashv2 |  | 208584872 | 208647065 | 208689372 | T:sphincss192shake256simple |  | 141494771? | 221444394? | 346148055? | T:ronald1536 |  | 254764401 | 254800483 | 255167374 | T:sphincss128shake256robust |  | 257662225 | 259333979 | 259437879 | T:gemss192 |  | 260604301 | 262197832 | 262380492 | T:redgemss192 |  | 263289801 | 264835302 | 265573544 | T:redgemss192v2 |  | 278614296 | 278630885 | 278848688 | T:sphincss256shake256simple |  | 330512225 | 331595275 | 331950797 | T:bluegemss192 |  | 332560751 | 334842800 | 335632147 | T:rainbow5cclassic963664 |  | 346398277 | 347683731 | 348587683 | T:rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |  | 356130890 | 357902471 | 359744053 | T:rainbow5ccompres963664 |  | 380072286 | 380234309 | 380286088 | T:sphincss192shake256robust |  | 338590713? | 396691603? | 524032266? | T:ronald2048 |  | 431782553 | 432802484 | 433578482 | T:gemss192v2 |  | 435441147 | 436597806 | 436862192 | T:bluegemss192v2 |  | 507595357 | 507645362 | 507665196 | T:sphincss256shake256robust |  | 764140105 | 768754763 | 776995549 | T:gemss256 |  | 777423484 | 782521010 | 788921381 | T:redgemss256v2 |  | 773871347 | 795704336 | 804318172 | T:redgemss256 |  | 790710752 | 797028421 | 800306127 | T:bluegemss256 |  | 1078973972 | 1079147903 | 1079522960 | T:gravitysphincss |  | 1280362241 | 1281512145 | 1292207296 | T:gemss256v2 |  | 1304498746 | 1305403045 | 1314260418 | T:bluegemss256v2 |  | 1112703930? | 1866601502? | 2447001220? | T:ronald3072 |  | 3106357601 | 3224193561 | 3341139934 | T:pqrsa15 |  | 3021424668? | 4459216176? | 6663927560? | T:ronald4096 |  | 17138877006 | 17145502640 | 17166386923 | T:gravitysphincsl |  | 34277121392 | 34298094428 | 34300309648 | T:gravitysphincsm |  | 
| Cycles to sign 59 bytes | 
|---|
 | 25% | 50% | 75% | system | 
|---|
 | 17875 | 18028 | 18553 | T:rainbowbinary256181212 |  | 30528 | 30808 | 31019 | T:tts6440 |  | 35623 | 36006 | 41565 | T:rainbowbinary16242020 |  | 48578 | 48684 | 48793 | ed25519 |  | 56016 | 56483 | 59189 | T:rainbow5640 |  | 75531 | 76205 | 77717 | T:rainbow6440 |  | 96017 | 96794 | 97646 | T:rainbow1aclassic363232 |  | 98715 | 100150 | 101317 | T:mqsignlr2567246 |  | 97244 | 102629 | 108565 | T:sflashv2 |  | 82575? | 119795? | 202556? | T!!!dilithium2aes |  | 123979 | 125499 | 126391 | mqsignlr2567246 |  | 134386 | 135324 | 136204 | T:rainbow1acyclicc363232 |  | 134435 | 137317 | 139146 | T:mqsignrr2567246 |  | 154804 | 155074 | 155424 | T:ecdonaldp256 |  | 157650 | 161040 | 162307 | mqsignrr2567246 |  | 161240 | 161414 | 161578 | T:ed448goldilocks |  | 119998? | 192469? | 230319? | T!!!dilithium2 |  | 146371? | 195807? | 311444? | dilithium3aes |  | 242805 | 243414 | 244192 | T:ecdonaldp224 |  | 130151? | 248611? | 707779? | T:lattisigns512 |  | 250493 | 252378 | 253874 | T:mqsignlr25611272 |  | 210160? | 257943? | 445389? | dilithium5aes |  | 268528 | 278172 | 288875 | T:hector |  | 273528? | 291303? | 822894? | T:pass863 |  | 239760? | 293075? | 505320? | T!!!dilithium3 |  | 313757 | 315674 | 316895 | mqsignlr25611272 |  | 328107? | 330167? | 581516? | nccsign1aes |  | 378319 | 379764 | 380752 | T:mqsignrr25611272 |  | 386657 | 389381 | 393081 | T:donald1024 |  | 399898 | 401423 | 403828 | T:rainbow3cclassic683248 |  | 407890 | 410737 | 413238 | T:rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |  | 409238 | 410961 | 412545 | T:luov863256pc |  | 404830 | 413561 | 416808 | T:falcon512tree |  | 341895? | 425321? | 557231? | T!!!dilithium5 |  | 427523 | 432983 | 440413 | T:ronald512 |  | 441805 | 442782 | 443673 | mqsignrr25611272 |  | 241379? | 465255? | 704139? | T:pass769 |  | 504015 | 506846 | 508122 | T:mqsignlr25614896 |  | 525749? | 532143? | 1026533? | nccsign3 |  | 326460? | 549533? | 830652? | T:qtesla1 |  | 399569? | 553943? | 737460? | nccsign1 |  | 432800? | 600890? | 936347? | nccsign3aes |  | 611040 | 616508 | 619857 | mqsignlr25614896 |  | 356529? | 646431? | 1125198? | T:3icp |  | 701268 | 704571 | 707444 | T:mqsignrr25614896 |  | 406099? | 718105? | 1128100? | T:qtesla3f |  | 718526 | 721627 | 728440 | T:rwb0fuz1024 |  | 713625 | 723806 | 732045 | T:ronald768 |  | 733311 | 737064 | 740968 | T:falcon512dyn |  | 815354 | 817098 | 819570 | mqsignrr25614896 |  | 821089 | 826356 | 834241 | T:falcon1024tree |  | 832382 | 835095 | 844699 | T:ecdonaldp160 |  | 686632? | 865550? | 1906554? | T:qtesla3s |  | 871444 | 883315 | 892640 | T:ronald1024 |  | 878952 | 883771 | 891313 | T:ecdonaldk163 |  | 900218 | 902819 | 905527 | T:ecdonaldb163 |  | 914564 | 918933 | 926465 | T:donald2048 |  | 916817 | 919461 | 923168 | T:rainbow5cclassic963664 |  | 952276 | 953821 | 954963 | T:rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |  | 998061 | 999342 | 1001914 | T:ecdonaldp192 |  | 697773? | 1040910? | 1329319? | nccsign5aes |  | 752753? | 1053696? | 1530040? | T:qtesla1p |  | 1151186 | 1151905 | 1153440 | T:ecdonaldp521 |  | 1207380 | 1208807 | 1210634 | T:luov890351pc |  | 834704? | 1214130? | 1545487? | nccsign5 |  | 1231763 | 1233243 | 1233930 | aimer128f |  | 1235932 | 1238150 | 1243527 | T:ecdonaldk233 |  | 1250494 | 1251764 | 1253264 | crossrsdpg128fast |  | 1270231 | 1274438 | 1281411 | T:ecdonaldb233 |  | 994941? | 1429366? | 3864984? | haetae3 |  | 1417713 | 1435329 | 1451205 | T:edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |  | 936538? | 1483868? | 2635985? | haetae2 |  | 1492984 | 1498508 | 1506093 | T:falcon1024dyn |  | 1742393 | 1745656 | 1749807 | T:luov8117404pc |  | 1058760? | 1905101? | 2761365? | haetae5 |  | 1978199 | 1980048 | 1982655 | T:ecdonaldk283 |  | 2070550 | 2072336 | 2074954 | T:ecdonaldb283 |  | 2200302 | 2206057 | 2210357 | crossrsdp128fast |  | 2313826 | 2331713 | 2341304 | T:ronald1536 |  | 2771226 | 2773614 | 2775416 | crossrsdpg128balanced |  | 2827578 | 2829369 | 2830600 | crossrsdpg192fast |  | 3099332 | 3101128 | 3109214 | aimer192f |  | 3195295 | 3208219 | 3226877 | T:edons128ref |  | 3295108 | 3296631 | 3297642 | T:luov863256 |  | 3352067 | 3356443 | 3360097 | T:ecdonaldk409 |  | 3410524 | 3422394 | 3438011 | T:ecdonaldp384 |  | 3435908 | 3461638 | 3480167 | T:ronald2048 |  | 3529301 | 3534773 | 3541451 | T:ecdonaldb409 |  | 2283363? | 3679464? | 5231117? | T:qtesla3p |  | 4053964 | 4056082 | 4057900 | crossrsdpg192balanced |  | 4069753 | 4071894 | 4074138 | picnicl1full |  | 3769216? | 4088280? | 4898572? | T:redgemss128v2 |  | 4153007 | 4155597 | 4161748 | crossrsdp128balanced |  | 3433932? | 4215303? | 5176491? | T:redgemss128 |  | 4680814 | 4707847 | 4714878 | crossrsdpg256fast |  | 4879039 | 4890880 | 5125533 | T:mqdss48 |  | 4945861 | 4948263 | 4967479 | crossrsdp192fast |  | 5043611 | 5045923 | 5048217 | picnicl1fs |  | 5474216 | 5481100 | 5484101 | crossrsdpg128small |  | 6295348 | 6297129 | 6302029 | picnicl1ur |  | 6380141 | 6396608 | 6407478 | crossrsdpg256balanced |  | 6618370 | 6620281 | 6633802 | aimer256f |  | 7178960 | 7192934 | 7202661 | T:ecdonaldk571 |  | 7624015 | 7629358 | 7633201 | crossrsdpg192small |  | 7654078 | 7658273 | 7664792 | T:ecdonaldb571 |  | 8023171 | 8024290 | 8026271 | picnicl3full |  | 8083666 | 8086438 | 8089466 | crossrsdp128small |  | 8667953 | 8674250 | 8686954 | crossrsdp192balanced |  | 8698604 | 8723997 | 8743897 | T:ronald3072 |  | 8725811 | 8729860 | 8732860 | crossrsdp256fast |  | 7824968? | 9091093? | 10986046? | T:redgemss192 |  | 9124900 | 9137405 | 9267576 | T:gravitysphincss |  | 9531745 | 9541563 | 9548838 | aimer128s |  | 9190861? | 10780466? | 12436399? | T:redgemss192v2 |  | 10746299 | 10792863 | 10797753 | T:luov890351 |  | 11302773 | 11308652 | 11341669 | crossrsdpg256small |  | 11409389 | 11695511 | 11777709 | T:mqdss64 |  | 11795305 | 11826990 | 11856171 | picnicl3fs |  | 12933140 | 12953503 | 12975010 | crossrsdp192small |  | 13477599 | 13485163 | 13545641 | picnicl5full |  | 14913149 | 14918729 | 14928876 | crossrsdp256balanced |  | 15228476 | 15235926 | 15251254 | picnicl3ur |  | 12812208? | 15330163? | 19666258? | T:redgemss256 |  | 16358303 | 16758048 | 16777305 | T:gravitysphincsm |  | 16775627 | 16956338 | 17010879 | T:rainbow1acompres363232 |  | 17509035 | 17520700 | 17655532 | picnic3l1 |  | 17792452 | 17864881 | 18470234 | T:ronald4096 |  | 18523288 | 18534227 | 18547854 | T:luov8117404 |  | 19455445 | 19465323 | 19605719 | T:gravitysphincsl |  | 15972815? | 19935243? | 22855724? | T:redgemss256v2 |  | 20024462 | 20036613 | 20049932 | picnicl5fs |  | 23241123 | 23299476 | 23300511 | aimer192s |  | 23961732 | 23983265 | 23993583 | crossrsdp256small |  | 24101978 | 24122332 | 24135284 | T:sphincsf128harakasimple |  | 25168974 | 25172767 | 25182816 | picnicl5ur |  | 32204079 | 32237100 | 32255402 | T:sphincsf192harakasimple |  | 32865285 | 32904893 | 32944276 | T:sphincsf128harakarobust |  | 36707344 | 36740533 | 36778118 | T:sphincsf192harakarobust |  | 37613776 | 37645393 | 37665588 | picnic3l3 |  | 41857996 | 41918527 | 42149814 | T:sphincs256 |  | 44721302 | 44750419 | 44783832 | T:luov4849242 |  | 47596698 | 47604678 | 47612521 | aimer256s |  | 64842197 | 64893554 | 64933037 | picnic3l5 |  | 65887237 | 65911555 | 65932886 | T:sphincsf256harakasimple |  | 88181106 | 88240382 | 88294982 | T:sphincsf256harakarobust |  | 102390300 | 102438490 | 103215720 | T:rainbow3ccompres683248 |  | 106438990 | 106474765 | 106503200 | T:pqrsa15 |  | 99901129? | 119822053? | 139568522? | T:bluegemss128v2 |  | 117305352? | 140763340? | 164570458? | T:bluegemss128 |  | 144751898 | 144809269 | 144916952 | T:luov6468330 |  | 144739718 | 144934142 | 145666785 | T:sphincsf128shake256simple |  | 154022094 | 154140608 | 154328400 | T:picnic2l1fs |  | 185547463 | 185712280 | 185883044 | T:sphincsf192shake256simple |  | 240249123 | 240594421 | 242814841 | T:rainbow5ccompres963664 |  | 248557470 | 248920876 | 249178627 | T:sphincsf128shake256robust |  | 285714254 | 286053256 | 286343915 | T:luov8086399 |  | 330721706 | 331301819 | 333928534 | T:sphincsf192shake256robust |  | 364710803 | 367596042 | 429106665 | T:bluegemss192 |  | 265053884? | 368436688? | 423002060? | T:bluegemss192v2 |  | 414635993 | 414845954 | 414970916 | T:sphincsf256shake256simple |  | 453626087 | 453727115 | 453848810 | T:sphincss128harakasimple |  | 473279137 | 473587211 | 473747717 | T:picnic2l3fs |  | 518889691 | 519141030 | 519698939 | T:sphincss128harakarobust |  | 449733673? | 538830151? | 628859333? | T:bluegemss256v2 |  | 470104490? | 563910277? | 657591107? | T:bluegemss256 |  | 580584385 | 581761984 | 581859941 | T:sphincss256harakasimple |  | 721876052 | 722284371 | 723011532 | T:sphincsf256shake256robust |  | 629366550? | 754986981? | 878876475? | T:gemss128v2 |  | 803615462 | 805256350 | 805875575 | T:sphincss256harakarobust |  | 747751635? | 897189857? | 1046761922? | T:gemss128 |  | 984267954 | 985728292 | 986650965 | T:sphincss192harakasimple |  | 998204921 | 999653760 | 999779178 | T:picnic2l5fs |  | 1231770205 | 1232435726 | 1233886958 | T:sphincss192harakarobust |  | 1777669249? | 2133011409? | 2487980133? | T:gemss192v2 |  | 2279876728 | 2280267849 | 2288762371 | T:sphincss128shake256simple |  | 2000486448? | 2400477849? | 2801629952? | T:gemss192 |  | 3411440870 | 3412993709 | 3443264809 | T:sphincss256shake256simple |  | 3817769694 | 3818495552 | 3819219028 | T:sphincss128shake256robust |  | 3305888949? | 3948587673? | 5262092848? | T:gemss256v2 |  | 3314661303? | 3976760330? | 5295593786? | T:gemss256 |  | 4757323546 | 4758091834 | 4758913347 | T:sphincss192shake256simple |  | 5934257477 | 5942596523 | 5945733032 | T:sphincss256shake256robust |  | 7906388639 | 7908051414 | 7932413742 | T:sphincss192shake256robust |  | 
| Cycles to verify 59 bytes | 
|---|
 | 25% | 50% | 75% | system | 
|---|
 | 7263 | 7434 | 7572 | T:rwb0fuz1024 |  | 14665 | 14762 | 14988 | T:rainbowbinary256181212 |  | 22097 | 22193 | 22321 | T:3icp |  | 26788 | 27460 | 28245 | T:rainbowbinary16242020 |  | 29630 | 29730 | 29990 | T:rainbow5640 |  | 30516 | 30859 | 31305 | T:rainbow6440 |  | 30541 | 30947 | 31217 | T:ronald512 |  | 30464 | 30970 | 31357 | T:ronald768 |  | 33936 | 34388 | 34717 | T:tts6440 |  | 34397 | 34939 | 35410 | T:ronald1024 |  | 39986 | 40561 | 40936 | T:lattisigns512 |  | 41203 | 41917 | 42853 | T:rainbow1aclassic363232 |  | 44201 | 44816 | 45450 | T:ronald1536 |  | 57686 | 58258 | 59229 | T:ronald2048 |  | 60711 | 60842 | 60996 | T!!!dilithium2aes |  | 72739 | 73943 | 76168 | T:gravitysphincss |  | 84878 | 85760 | 86515 | mqsignlr2567246 |  | 84884 | 85972 | 86428 | T:mqsignlr2567246 |  | 86667 | 87236 | 87802 | T:falcon512tree |  | 87113 | 87299 | 87536 | dilithium3aes |  | 86505 | 87473 | 88165 | T:mqsignrr2567246 |  | 86889 | 87752 | 88354 | mqsignrr2567246 |  | 90122 | 90261 | 90425 | T!!!dilithium2 |  | 91154 | 91900 | 92710 | T:ronald3072 |  | 96631 | 98069 | 98705 | T:falcon512dyn |  | 100248 | 100819 | 101289 | T:qtesla1 |  | 112055 | 112342 | 112692 | T:sflashv2 |  | 118622 | 119083 | 119511 | haetae2 |  | 128705 | 129002 | 129232 | dilithium5aes |  | 136842 | 137679 | 139511 | T:ronald4096 |  | 138087 | 138885 | 140077 | T:luov863256pc |  | 146320 | 146646 | 147247 | T!!!dilithium3 |  | 163946 | 164854 | 165648 | ed25519 |  | 169545 | 170526 | 171615 | T:rainbow3cclassic683248 |  | 171791 | 172856 | 173971 | T:falcon1024tree |  | 194769 | 195782 | 196608 | T:falcon1024dyn |  | 199954 | 200555 | 200812 | haetae3 |  | 200543 | 201039 | 201686 | T:qtesla3f |  | 209267 | 210011 | 211036 | T:qtesla3s |  | 223679 | 224622 | 226372 | nccsign1aes |  | 228469 | 228700 | 228933 | T!!!dilithium5 |  | 239480 | 240072 | 240650 | haetae5 |  | 270075 | 271393 | 274105 | nccsign1 |  | 272005 | 277489 | 283325 | T:gemss128 |  | 280122 | 286214 | 291105 | T:bluegemss128 |  | 290218 | 291639 | 293369 | nccsign3aes |  | 294152 | 294642 | 295230 | T:mqsignrr25611272 |  | 294124 | 294878 | 295406 | mqsignrr25611272 |  | 294921 | 295542 | 296047 | T:mqsignlr25611272 |  | 294932 | 295585 | 296287 | mqsignlr25611272 |  | 294203 | 296690 | 298781 | T:donald1024 |  | 300187 | 300852 | 301263 | T:ecdonaldp256 |  | 293531 | 304160 | 309845 | T:gravitysphincsm |  | 311597 | 312808 | 314009 | T:pass769 |  | 329372 | 339239 | 345236 | T:redgemss128v2 |  | 353078 | 354106 | 356968 | T:pass863 |  | 353788 | 355752 | 358888 | T:rainbow5cclassic963664 |  | 353590 | 356269 | 358253 | nccsign3 |  | 351327 | 363615 | 373245 | T:redgemss128 |  | 393422 | 397843 | 401568 | T:gravitysphincsl |  | 388673 | 399892 | 406056 | T:bluegemss128v2 |  | 357157 | 415537 | 417999 | T:luov890351pc |  | 414410 | 426897 | 437591 | T:gemss128v2 |  | 445963 | 446408 | 447204 | T:ecdonaldp224 |  | 467868 | 471156 | 474211 | nccsign5aes |  | 465045 | 472530 | 488422 | T:edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |  | 479841 | 481534 | 483305 | T:qtesla1p |  | 496939 | 507887 | 516951 | T:sphincss128harakasimple |  | 510782 | 512402 | 514052 | T:ed448goldilocks |  | 508365 | 516775 | 522079 | mqsignlr25614896 |  | 506847 | 517353 | 522050 | T:mqsignlr25614896 |  | 511431 | 524454 | 526416 | mqsignrr25614896 |  | 518732 | 527125 | 549062 | T:mqsignrr25614896 |  | 484603 | 545866 | 576018 | T:luov8117404pc |  | 552923 | 554844 | 557617 | nccsign5 |  | 663768 | 674428 | 687194 | T:redgemss192 |  | 686567 | 705378 | 718912 | T:redgemss192v2 |  | 696632 | 708062 | 727347 | T:sphincss128harakarobust |  | 712819 | 730959 | 748157 | T:gemss192 |  | 710046 | 733651 | 748567 | T:bluegemss192 |  | 740593 | 760035 | 771839 | T:sphincss192harakasimple |  | 782468 | 783593 | 784367 | crossrsdpg128fast |  | 762496 | 787117 | 802158 | T:gemss192v2 |  | 770194 | 790377 | 805246 | T:bluegemss192v2 |  | 783326 | 793942 | 807605 | T:edons128ref |  | 789399 | 800020 | 811277 | T:donald2048 |  | 837996 | 845360 | 852098 | T:ecdonaldp160 |  | 977635 | 982299 | 987791 | T:ecdonaldp192 |  | 985067 | 1001229 | 1008822 | T:sphincss256harakasimple |  | 1061886 | 1066996 | 1075724 | T:hector |  | 1113970 | 1130249 | 1141707 | T:sphincss192harakarobust |  | 1160839 | 1178359 | 1192294 | T:sphincsf128harakasimple |  | 1193942 | 1195259 | 1195799 | aimer128f |  | 1272244 | 1278214 | 1286880 | T:sphincs256 |  | 1265829 | 1316786 | 1404497 | T:gemss256 |  | 1281247 | 1317813 | 1362707 | T:bluegemss256 |  | 1362970 | 1385244 | 1429382 | T:redgemss256 |  | 1392454 | 1413676 | 1466263 | T:redgemss256v2 |  | 1411190 | 1413735 | 1416142 | crossrsdp128fast |  | 1369910 | 1424506 | 1501936 | T:gemss256v2 |  | 1478812 | 1498535 | 1509166 | T:sphincss256harakarobust |  | 1488414 | 1521715 | 1564007 | T:bluegemss256v2 |  | 1644441 | 1660416 | 1676054 | T:sphincsf128harakarobust |  | 1666777 | 1668193 | 1674185 | T:ecdonaldk163 |  | 1717268 | 1720553 | 1723305 | T:ecdonaldb163 |  | 1830305 | 1831849 | 1833240 | crossrsdpg128balanced |  | 1870841 | 1887999 | 1908018 | T:sphincsf192harakasimple |  | 1891056 | 1916177 | 1936951 | T:sphincsf256harakasimple |  | 1923757 | 1924596 | 1925925 | crossrsdpg192fast |  | 2121289 | 2122117 | 2123342 | T:ecdonaldp521 |  | 2254326 | 2262189 | 2273427 | T:qtesla3p |  | 2361640 | 2363301 | 2372178 | T:ecdonaldk233 |  | 2429044 | 2431265 | 2434782 | T:ecdonaldb233 |  | 2648720 | 2649702 | 2650144 | T:luov863256 |  | 2761127 | 2763507 | 2765143 | crossrsdpg192balanced |  | 2752700 | 2778562 | 2801134 | T:sphincsf192harakarobust |  | 2866102 | 2877699 | 2890829 | T:ecdonaldp384 |  | 2872919 | 2919995 | 2940691 | T:sphincsf256harakarobust |  | 2984487 | 2987272 | 2991854 | crossrsdp128balanced |  | 3037214 | 3038546 | 3039705 | aimer192f |  | 3080383 | 3082232 | 3088255 | crossrsdp192fast |  | 3097937 | 3111436 | 3235721 | T:mqdss48 |  | 3229941 | 3234357 | 3238867 | crossrsdpg256fast |  | 3328278 | 3332710 | 3348794 | picnicl1full |  | 3435539 | 3495613 | 3604301 | T:sphincss128shake256simple |  | 3689627 | 3692060 | 3695560 | crossrsdpg128small |  | 3833685 | 3838612 | 3854136 | T:ecdonaldk283 |  | 4016939 | 4020722 | 4023566 | T:ecdonaldb283 |  | 4265461 | 4274485 | 4290977 | picnicl1fs |  | 4377753 | 4380005 | 4385499 | crossrsdpg256balanced |  | 5315552 | 5320702 | 5346237 | picnicl1ur |  | 5388663 | 5393232 | 5397714 | crossrsdp256fast |  | 5441752 | 5443335 | 5446525 | crossrsdpg192small |  | 5738835 | 5835470 | 5910820 | T:sphincss192shake256simple |  | 6057801 | 6062485 | 6075374 | crossrsdp128small |  | 6176820 | 6181737 | 6187056 | crossrsdp192balanced |  | 6491875 | 6492759 | 6499795 | aimer256f |  | 6487022 | 6493979 | 6500910 | T:ecdonaldk409 |  | 6516532 | 6681366 | 6919750 | T:sphincss128shake256robust |  | 6695711 | 6697792 | 6700483 | picnicl3full |  | 6830191 | 6838962 | 6848026 | T:ecdonaldb409 |  | 7579614 | 7696593 | 7794517 | T:sphincss256shake256simple |  | 7676879 | 7886670 | 7959661 | T:mqdss64 |  | 7965813 | 7970124 | 7972558 | crossrsdpg256small |  | 8326017 | 8448019 | 8602227 | T:sphincsf128shake256simple |  | 9328250 | 9339605 | 9374473 | T:luov890351 |  | 9446836 | 9448684 | 9452203 | aimer128s |  | 9524696 | 9527594 | 9529786 | crossrsdp192small |  | 9727688 | 9854192 | 10061616 | T:sphincss192shake256robust |  | 9942882 | 9950844 | 9956588 | picnicl3fs |  | 10636716 | 10643086 | 10647133 | crossrsdp256balanced |  | 11259233 | 11277351 | 11294530 | picnicl5full |  | 12545936 | 12703292 | 12847477 | T:sphincss256shake256robust |  | 12773271 | 12793709 | 12799598 | picnicl3ur |  | 13326943 | 13457906 | 13610430 | T:sphincsf192shake256simple |  | 13469627 | 13479578 | 13516983 | T:rainbow1acyclicc363232 |  | 13366940 | 13546158 | 13850372 | T:rainbow1acompres363232 |  | 13759260 | 13777517 | 13986590 | picnic3l1 |  | 13702391 | 13833285 | 13959970 | T:sphincsf256shake256simple |  | 13934915 | 13945106 | 13957186 | T:ecdonaldk571 |  | 14916672 | 14933795 | 14939864 | T:ecdonaldb571 |  | 16157741 | 16170801 | 16181389 | T:luov8117404 |  | 16056960 | 16296987 | 16712654 | T:sphincsf128shake256robust |  | 16848856 | 16863426 | 16886150 | T:pqrsa15 |  | 16959469 | 16983841 | 17002188 | picnicl5fs |  | 17704980 | 17709450 | 17716079 | crossrsdp256small |  | 21323867 | 21348625 | 21367048 | picnicl5ur |  | 23129776 | 23211466 | 23290505 | aimer192s |  | 25774571 | 26143556 | 26451631 | T:sphincsf192shake256robust |  | 26046437 | 26352163 | 26650049 | T:sphincsf256shake256robust |  | 29740779 | 29758004 | 29794386 | picnic3l3 |  | 31580956 | 31601869 | 31616437 | T:luov4849242 |  | 47010505 | 47048363 | 47102145 | picnic3l5 |  | 47385978 | 47425197 | 47430198 | aimer256s |  | 66994412 | 67056738 | 67125608 | T:picnic2l1fs |  | 80866602 | 80902720 | 81058566 | T:luov6468330 |  | 80901780 | 81114588 | 81208077 | T:rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |  | 80959393 | 81457993 | 81853212 | T:rainbow3ccompres683248 |  | 150988586 | 151048053 | 151111281 | T:picnic2l3fs |  | 164748514 | 164895210 | 165686598 | T:luov8086399 |  | 180700584 | 180732945 | 186903240 | T:rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |  | 180960693 | 181114883 | 184033077 | T:rainbow5ccompres963664 |  | 266855463 | 266998785 | 267206347 | T:picnic2l5fs |  | 
 |  |