VAMPIRE

eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems


ECRYPT II
General information:IntroductioneBASHeBASCeBAEADeBATSSUPERCOPXBXComputersArch
How to submit new software:Tipshashstreamaeaddhkemencryptsign
List of primitives measured:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
Measurements:lwcsha3hashstreamlwccaesaraeaddhkemencryptsign
List of subroutines:verifydecodeencodesortcorehashblocksxofscalarmult

Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Silvermont (406c4); 2016 Intel Atom x5-Z8350; 4 x 1440MHz; cherry, supercop-20240909

[Page version: 20241011 15:42:08]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key signature systems:

For signature systems that support "message recovery", the space for a signature on a long message is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each signature system and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new signature systems and new implementations of existing signature systems should read the call for submissions.


Test results

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

NISTPQC graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (smcycles,sbytes) (mcycles,pkbytes) (mcycles,sbytes) (pkbytes,sbytes)

Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256

Cycles to generate a key pair
25%50%75%system
119381201012123picnicl1full
126551445814662picnic3l1
168381689916999picnicl3full
170821710717125picnic3l3
221672223922310picnic3l5
222762233222579picnicl5full
237002371923767picnicl1fs
237622379823859picnicl1ur
243732646026681
T:
picnic2l1fs
428974354143961
T:
picnic2l3fs
444934460744835picnicl3fs
445374462844755picnicl3ur
535355360754370
T:
picnic2l5fs
586535875558907picnicl5ur
586455876459232picnicl5fs
147060147233150263ed25519
224452225476226286aimer128s
224688226185226490aimer128f
318997320205322405
T:
ecdonaldp256
425308426706430860
T:
donald512
529773530605532225aimer192s
531046531693533276aimer192f
546708548628550426
T:
ecdonaldp224
628266631389636206nccsign1
669566670477672718T!!!dilithium2
747883750295754777
T:
pass769
766326767168772299
T:
ed448goldilocks
825259829622836283nccsign3
899920904095907157
T:
pass863
100392410163891021551nccsign1aes
122199312235931228933T!!!dilithium3
127354712775061283346
T:
donald1024
127755512831291290494nccsign5
131419413156191321854aimer256s
131681313181311325138aimer256f
133007913355111343928
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
134748913601941379857nccsign3aes
141925714262791441353T!!!dilithium2aes
190833319111621915284T!!!dilithium5
200309620133312026957nccsign5aes
202962120363852049793
T:
ecdonaldp160
206305420714382087661
T:
ecdonaldk163
214881121549132164993
T:
ecdonaldb163
236510623668312371662
T:
mqdss48
246763524732832478885
T:
ecdonaldp192
253818125496042567716T!!!dilithium3aes
1572004?2590962?5712598?haetae2
268404626865722688185
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
275607227657342777511
T:
ecdonaldk233
275963127688162773854
T:
ecdonaldp521
290113529057762918502
T:
ecdonaldb233
335912633615663363100
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
339627934150513442928
T:
donald2048
2388010?3437534?5422280?
T:
qtesla1
2088417?3787459?7784953?haetae3
392466839283223930632
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
402112040305794046234
T:
edons128ref
2068537?4217261?6373312?haetae5
428056042928174398190T!!!dilithium5aes
470698647166934732201
T:
ecdonaldk283
499377650136465047200
T:
ecdonaldb283
506857050734435079771
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
547228554791305488487
T:
mqdss64
812525681574098226660
T:
ecdonaldk409
872803187841318855904
T:
ecdonaldb409
6875420?10096681?13365940?
T:
qtesla3f
100642501010261510129790
T:
ecdonaldp384
10156168?16556311?19860651?
T:
qtesla3s
171927761724065817267739
T:
ecdonaldk571
14565198?18304963?20295583?
T:
qtesla1p
185069361854253018564354
T:
ecdonaldb571
185289891855525818600791
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
235721252358161023594136
T:
sphincs256
272878622729036127293754
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
322432353229411732317889
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
352606243526707935306114
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
366851503672522136785891
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
372333693726964737325876
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
373942703742367538008811
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
408306014085904840894164
T:
luov4849242
36889034?44806776?65308472?
T:
rwb0fuz1024
45741122?48921151?59534805?
T:
falcon512tree
46052136?50212760?60492234?
T:
falcon512dyn
519716795197487051980967
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
543762705441507954474302
T:
luov863256
43811185?61494228?90355576?
T:
ronald512
713616807137169271380970
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
744863077451198775197496
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
854838538548894385495105
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
80488193?86913265?111693331?
T:
qtesla3p
56475031?94294004?155269748?
T:
ronald768
107118565107120335107125103
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
125877964125887324125952874
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
128559226128734240128850219
T:
luov6468330
131431587131446974131488402
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
133310754133740200133748716
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
129784418?140964818?163790059?
T:
falcon1024dyn
135167572141773132153973258
T:
falcon1024tree
152758612153805715155401052
T:
redgemss128
156299802156749257157321226
T:
redgemss128v2
157937365158121781158333805
T:
gemss128
157329206158186943158319049
T:
gemss128v2
158037273158825678159061703
T:
bluegemss128
161795908161860276162100798
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
162863597164503805165386000
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
122219660?184067731?254168201?
T:
ronald1024
193146963193244790193379286
T:
bluegemss128v2
199914156200030632200177234
T:
luov890351
206684096206890651207088746
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
225016263225218791225820147
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
226356610226579230226735251
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
236735169236894351237204358
T:
luov8086399
354973899355216178355370236
T:
luov8117404
381522419382083894382652847mqsignlr2567246
465835128466047547466677718mqsignrr2567246
590843674590858907590879935
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
645907934646006770651762935
T:
sflashv2
361714375?696599791?1018359664?
T:
ronald1536
739129727740789534746331766
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
750786818754889264756334071
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
818462933820901229822507841
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
832906475835266049836389832
T:
bluegemss192v2
842981567847762299849645794
T:
gemss192v2
797171367850752410893679091
T:
redgemss192v2
859708360862243023879824335
T:
redgemss192
873224438878083793878108853
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
910513621912580759915456225
T:
bluegemss192
944369753945180349947583418
T:
gemss192
112986276011314823391131537669
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
114171572111417313061141743094
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
118934734611893857051189427134
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
166364156716637605931663924233
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
817160306?1726672897?2581661950?
T:
ronald2048
210111784121014451252101656120
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
213872088921396580952144586057
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
232737506423457275282465667500
T:
redgemss256
241292692524321738522454089468
T:
gui184
247645977924829130712492051311
T:
bluegemss256
257893063825794634922580339628
T:
rainbow1a
257937158425803065252583107760mqsignlr25611272
268190713126837528592693498723
T:
gemss256
289633274728990068702902105772mqsignrr25611272
319782768532007005233243047259
T:
redgemss256v2
326800926332706821293291380880
T:
bluegemss256v2
328718439032910685433295820148
T:
gemss256v2
3123449588?5198648011?8848310261?
T:
ronald3072
769009216776988311887706942556mqsignlr25614896
783063930178312402677831972640
T:
gravitysphincss
847446895184869658278500635478mqsignrr25614896
911699810591245776329127584566
T:
rainbow1c
942177385194312674479436833300
T:
rainbow1b
6226673080?12761149013?21484074359?
T:
ronald4096
132808248761365149312114038848089
T:
pqrsa15
178731785091800716870318333314318
T:
gui312
232100674292331381495923428270246
T:
rainbow4a
289682105812901508751729042392569
T:
rainbow3b
Cycles to sign 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
536555520657240
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
116765121983130736
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
153524153557154048ed25519
266174267701269851
T:
sflashv2
400639404880410840
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
436928439879446022
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
437635440710442957
T:
ecdonaldp256
728295733510740959
T:
donald512
758081759752761786
T:
ecdonaldp224
788634790440793097
T:
ed448goldilocks
872104?947431?2598258?
T:
pass769
110930211219821136233
T:
ronald512
131205513186561331609
T:
rainbow1a
137973613946381407335
T:
falcon512tree
157914715878261599561
T:
donald1024
764816?1761267?3227560?
T:
qtesla1
1042161?2067865?3150168?
T:
pass863
210743621249682142629
T:
ronald768
215170921601782172925
T:
ecdonaldp160
218602821920452200615
T:
ecdonaldk163
1091872?2261542?4289871?
T:
qtesla3f
224851022626802266740
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
226445822715102279620
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
227514422867072302250
T:
ecdonaldb163
1610795?2464995?3674768?nccsign1
251398725225652530746
T:
falcon512dyn
260451126108872618582
T:
ecdonaldp192
279450828325922839976
T:
falcon1024tree
1810783?2837989?3568032?T!!!dilithium2
2020667?2923059?4196717?nccsign3
294683229512572963414
T:
ecdonaldk233
298396529961423023530
T:
ronald1024
2074040?2999162?3799291?nccsign1aes
304480830602523075646
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
305703930717543087659
T:
rwb0fuz1024
308724130931853102039
T:
ecdonaldb233
325101732546253259575mqsignlr2567246
2564690?3329033?4936426?T!!!dilithium2aes
337713034005663431101
T:
donald2048
356818335743593582297
T:
rainbow1c
2606509?3881676?6104101?nccsign3aes
398496839991444005357
T:
rainbow4a
2978476?4061685?6819239?T!!!dilithium5
410692641499484158361
T:
ecdonaldp521
2705321?4265318?7421573?T!!!dilithium3
2843783?4891518?8358985?
T:
qtesla1p
493872349484754963305
T:
rainbow1b
1660364?5031976?8870813?
T:
qtesla3s
504407350518145061829mqsignrr2567246
504043450734075084469
T:
ecdonaldk283
3281232?5080454?8060273?T!!!dilithium3aes
3349389?5114967?6914785?nccsign5
531219053292925401201
T:
ecdonaldb283
537980554036495418051
T:
falcon1024dyn
542159754332095439092
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
575974457832755895286
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
4241002?5948105?7991876?nccsign5aes
695496669991237021660
T:
edons128ref
6470727?7784948?10264841?T!!!dilithium5aes
840188184317788476552
T:
rainbow3b
891798889522458976751
T:
ecdonaldk409
903005790588969084463
T:
ronald1536
941815394534209505391
T:
ecdonaldb409
4917628?9491175?23014354?haetae2
105607011062310710655138
T:
ecdonaldp384
109368291093948810945789aimer128f
7572798?14404021?24618631?haetae3
11971027?14526218?16801378?
T:
redgemss128
8728890?15053172?24192388?
T:
qtesla3p
155815641562101115650961
T:
ronald2048
163020481633777016359635mqsignlr25611272
13539357?16471399?20404993?
T:
redgemss128v2
9285938?17672204?30207801?haetae5
185445621861533318651606
T:
ecdonaldk571
199969032005424120093306
T:
ecdonaldb571
207393942076153320800206
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
251861152530508625318643mqsignrr25611272
265254022664728626691651picnicl1full
271393562716228027230257aimer192f
315046033170543031741314picnicl1fs
335591913357430333591109
T:
luov863256
374766283753828237571456mqsignlr25614896
434980684379192643860059picnicl1ur
446379134471004444838001
T:
ronald3072
40561771?46835721?53759431?
T:
redgemss192v2
511930335147233751537104picnicl3full
46614838?55134440?65427218?
T:
redgemss192
551913985525712355485584aimer256f
579082655849352958534116mqsignrr25614896
22573262?67624824?123925897?
T:
gui184
681894136822141368260892
T:
gravitysphincss
733242207382275573954313picnicl3fs
69782504?80031568?100721389?
T:
redgemss256v2
815288298173637982026989
T:
luov4849242
828139518311438783228256picnicl5full
870502828712091487236996aimer128s
958320849586285095939770
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
969930259708197497144750
T:
ronald4096
85236446?106983392?137314249?
T:
redgemss256
108147043108570781108686060picnicl3ur
113729028113781388113837537
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
117641998117683657117743416
T:
luov890351
123932327124928080125110344picnicl5fs
124874249124967926125018148
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
126762242126788997128094849
T:
mqdss48
136283658136450711136659568
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
137695182137911773138110329picnic3l1
153141845153195151153276698
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
173125948173832521174615088picnicl5ur
207388617207491653207585961
T:
luov8117404
212385510212523494212997067aimer192s
296849296298162921299422458
T:
luov6468330
301580311301817577302140449picnic3l3
389816466390236662390552486
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
402642211405402863405468861
T:
mqdss64
421905296422550156422730277aimer256s
446667951447807332449975322
T:
sphincs256
464893086466404832467445889
T:
pqrsa15
485242776485817080488351024picnic3l5
457152525?548887987?641003618?
T:
bluegemss128
468624288?562072657?654906348?
T:
bluegemss128v2
584430540584717728585347407
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
602269238606012943608824749
T:
luov8086399
744379335744891494745995717
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
898791616899125900899330856
T:
picnic2l1fs
105908218210597333261060462275
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
138743067113881471551388975674
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
163206695816322856921632354653
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
163285730616334607721633970717
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
1423642545?1710144965?2272046380?
T:
bluegemss192v2
203713003120378905642049071117
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
214920393021493811912149576787
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
1949023380?2334291001?2725043905?
T:
bluegemss192
243632235524379923352439210545
T:
picnic2l3fs
2305516914?2802196160?3222612204?
T:
bluegemss256v2
295120502829518922902953415173
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
2807649182?3369052474?4491519546?
T:
gemss128v2
2874880434?3449837902?4598976096?
T:
gemss128
357262338435739240773574563218
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
2001926070?3604491137?5635694273?
T:
gui312
361869566636203149343620702932
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
3604055437?4331787180?5733612707?
T:
bluegemss256
476392614247721703104776190682
T:
picnic2l5fs
528614271552868032585289667603
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
879700401587971732788797331173
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
9538873449?9542576338?13352446867?
T:
gemss192v2
136124474481361533103813617712886
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
156658337081566656980515667754095
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
13166684817?15799695294?18435508599?
T:
gemss192
181522812251815313598818153987378
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
184551302241850630070918507523460
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
16082141073?19302825419?25724182977?
T:
gemss256v2
242955309572435504160624357005549
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
318287449643183275661331845201941
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
321178204453211840704732119332865
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
30193126443?35227607942?40259617594?
T:
gemss256
Cycles to verify 59 bytes
25%50%75%system
226582332625021
T:
rwb0fuz1024
609306220463365
T:
rainbowbinary256181212
711037214674355
T:
ronald512
746407541677386
T:
ronald768
921209312295155
T:
ronald1024
942079546096949
T:
rainbow1aclassic363232
101598103328105651
T:
rainbowbinary16242020
131490132164133979
T:
ronald1536
181929182750184494
T:
ronald2048
223510225829228146
T:
falcon512tree
250473252500259468
T:
gravitysphincss
292467294376295934
T:
falcon512dyn
309308310467312542
T:
qtesla1
327081329062330347
T:
ronald3072
362444364740367046
T:
sflashv2
457665460771464810
T:
falcon1024tree
473045476330480295
T:
donald512
475009477299478944haetae2
485901487896490889
T:
falcon1024dyn
507714515906519229
T:
rainbow3cclassic683248
530120532946535915
T:
ronald4096
538106541753544208ed25519
595052619142643492
T:
gemss128
621858632180657536
T:
bluegemss128
633096652445663050
T:
gemss128v2
645263665923680502
T:
redgemss128
661252681867694587
T:
bluegemss128v2
685166698136711661
T:
redgemss128v2
711528713236718786
T:
qtesla3s
713004715719721267
T:
qtesla3f
756401757472760038T!!!dilithium2
776927780513791920
T:
rainbow1a
806452835557855739
T:
gui184
854735857128861227haetae3
993706995237998150nccsign1
104711310498681058165
T:
ecdonaldp256
106385110654001066914haetae5
113805911422971145430
T:
pass769
120341712086291218915
T:
rainbow5cclassic963664
123039412332211238407
T:
edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3
120963012431281261328
T:
gemss192v2
124913212507401254053T!!!dilithium3
126687412723101278448nccsign3
128908813004151313206
T:
donald1024
131621113268281337165nccsign1aes
133174613348811337637
T:
pass863
137595413874291400432T!!!dilithium2aes
142852214580051498158
T:
sphincss128harakasimple
147835815333421551109
T:
bluegemss192
151066815377401590580
T:
gemss192
155350115579821567988
T:
ecdonaldp224
151737915626071593036
T:
redgemss192
156841716322411697974
T:
redgemss192v2
161751416621031698696
T:
bluegemss192v2
169049417000131711671nccsign3aes
174045417461711755064
T:
qtesla1p
197598719895592003586
T:
ecdonaldp160
203879120410432042618T!!!dilithium5
204084620463162054071nccsign5
208744621514192205815
T:
sphincss128harakarobust
221231022151172220706
T:
edons128ref
221197322408862268795
T:
sphincss192harakasimple
233841123513762369335
T:
ecdonaldp192
240872824310462442384T!!!dilithium3aes
268941927015992713146nccsign5aes
282073528304802838648
T:
ed448goldilocks
290571729213482954298
T:
rainbow1b
297200129802452992613
T:
rainbow1c
295554630201413073562
T:
bluegemss256
291131330407883100581
T:
gui312
299548030432783093719
T:
redgemss256
301084730487793131034
T:
gemss256
305263630613163068158
T:
rainbow4a
313567731678293232503
T:
bluegemss256v2
313832731883923275499
T:
gemss256v2
320556632385413292416
T:
redgemss256v2
331156933642843408022
T:
sphincsf128harakasimple
340006834291013468768
T:
sphincss192harakarobust
395198139915964021922
T:
donald2048
416577641854484194080
T:
ecdonaldk163
420065942748714283123T!!!dilithium5aes
432912043453744386010
T:
ecdonaldb163
490609549668175040086
T:
sphincsf128harakarobust
502875051002275107623mqsignrr2567246
514150551447655148237mqsignlr2567246
524591253128945335934
T:
sphincsf192harakasimple
560782456210185654274
T:
ecdonaldk233
555667156397495698401
T:
sphincs256
583997258997935934621
T:
ecdonaldb233
756570276177277763103mqsignlr25611272
760263576180347634045
T:
rainbow3b
760497676187907787551mqsignrr25611272
806467780771008132528
T:
ecdonaldp521
813746781519338171742
T:
qtesla3p
824979083025558370158
T:
sphincsf192harakarobust
829081383054348322708
T:
rainbow1acompres363232
838139784043148423238
T:
rainbow1acyclicc363232
837901984498078498608
T:
ecdonaldp384
967635497256769753111
T:
ecdonaldk283
9636836987640810188351
T:
sphincss128shake256simple
102165771021965310224701aimer128f
101719821025678110284300
T:
ecdonaldb283
131392461380890514270533mqsignrr25614896
140960711428776414378771mqsignlr25614896
142208401447109214699441
T:
sphincss192shake256simple
169598561707031217157767
T:
ecdonaldk409
180454701811423318232778
T:
ecdonaldb409
186516741897038519165492
T:
sphincss256shake256simple
189321141953511219784059
T:
sphincss128shake256robust
199066222000372120156013picnicl1full
233133462381460024182699
T:
sphincsf128shake256simple
246529312474079324869397picnicl1fs
245721342475538025102429
T:
sphincss256harakasimple
253470212535528825367557aimer192f
279477932832176428802093
T:
sphincss192shake256robust
310762783110180631136557
T:
luov863256
342850903441416834701105picnicl1ur
357472963585585135890209
T:
ecdonaldk571
360309043650927937140341
T:
sphincss256shake256robust
377395063810594738486733
T:
sphincsf192shake256simple
376933723812572838667627
T:
sphincsf256shake256simple
385337493862241638664682
T:
ecdonaldb571
387847943914336539215557picnicl3full
455734444582213446252509
T:
sphincsf256harakasimple
462892604658380047062255
T:
sphincss256harakarobust
460186854662296747219876
T:
sphincsf128shake256robust
503698155045251750593635
T:
rainbow3ccyclicc683248
506689385078098850954450
T:
rainbow3ccompres683248
514731445148774251505311aimer256f
570127825705504557127051
T:
luov4849242
577137455776176657838659
T:
pqrsa15
587702735928056759397779picnicl3fs
636893316382060063994989picnicl5full
725838167341746074476288
T:
sphincsf256shake256robust
733267797418751175011766
T:
sphincsf192shake256robust
845422428541460986202025
T:
sphincsf256harakarobust
859493268602902086078820aimer128s
876850098793037288133695picnicl3ur
923895709352640394828210
T:
mqdss48
100447191101400372101730474picnicl5fs
109316051109361095109390391
T:
luov890351
112996580113191938113458123
T:
rainbow5ccyclicc963664
113934200114202342114449097
T:
rainbow5ccompres963664
118909229119065082119247903picnic3l1
146008044147208417147970084picnicl5ur
165988829166657352168890961
T:
luov6468330
193843436193908535193974771
T:
luov8117404
209857577210219446210314774aimer192s
257274937257662999257987372picnic3l3
295132524298347462301855721
T:
mqdss64
313279197317407902319766259
T:
luov8086399
397536173397774723399676526picnic3l5
417350160417491447417634910aimer256s
542413464542647449542833063
T:
picnic2l1fs
123815627512390283141239686596
T:
picnic2l3fs
213932620221430451282144685587
T:
picnic2l5fs