Measurements of public-key signature systems on one machine: amd64; Zen 3 (a50f00); 2021 AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G; 6 x 3900MHz; cezanne, supercop-20250922
[Page version: 20251028 08:35:44]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key signature systems:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to sign a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to open a signed short message,
i.e., to verify a (larger) signed message and recover the original short message.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Space for a signature on a 0-byte message.
- Space for a signature on a 23-byte message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus 23 bytes.
- Space for a signature on a long message:
i.e.,
the signed-message length minus the message length.
For signature systems that support "message recovery",
the space for a signature on a long message
is shorter than the space for a signature on a short message.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements,
the median of many speed measurements,
the third quartile of many speed measurements, and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each signature system and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new signature systems
and new implementations of existing signature systems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
NISTPQC graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(smcycles,sbytes)
(mcycles,pkbytes)
(mcycles,sbytes)
(pkbytes,sbytes)
Measurement failures: ntrumls401x, ntrumls439x, ntrumls593x, ntrumls743x, qtesla128, qtesla192, qtesla256
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 2588 | 2635 | 2727 | picnicl1full |
| 2640 | 2856 | 2954 | picnic3l1 |
| 3572 | 3588 | 3604 | picnic3l3 |
| 3590 | 3663 | 3781 | picnicl3full |
| 3800 | 4078 | 4183 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 4508 | 4532 | 4574 | picnicl1fs |
| 4502 | 4543 | 4625 | picnicl5full |
| 4522 | 4556 | 4609 | picnicl1ur |
| 4505 | 4605 | 4873 | picnic3l5 |
| 6337 | 6668 | 7651 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 6839 | 6881 | 6942 | picnicl3ur |
| 6885 | 6943 | 7739 | picnicl3fs |
| 8619 | 8791 | 9762 | T: picnic2l5fs |
| 9215 | 9272 | 9450 | picnicl5ur |
| 9173 | 9305 | 9863 | picnicl5fs |
| 17613 | 17746 | 17887 | T: lattisigns512 |
| 35373 | 35497 | 36080 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 35290 | 35597 | 36276 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 35435 | 35876 | 36327 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 42003 | 42211 | 42503 | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 44227 | 44335 | 44748 | ed25519 |
| 49020 | 49106 | 49184 | aimer128f |
| 51944 | 52037 | 52226 | aimer128s |
| 67433 | 67792 | 68138 | dilithium3aes |
| 70764 | 70932 | 71239 | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 70579 | 71005 | 71646 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 70889 | 71133 | 71943 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 71019 | 71410 | 72031 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 85874 | 86202 | 86943 | crossrsdp128small |
| 85873 | 86304 | 86965 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 86068 | 86392 | 86863 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 89063 | 89344 | 91755 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 104714 | 104972 | 105599 | dilithium5aes |
| 112801 | 112951 | 113202 | aimer192f |
| 124163 | 124464 | 124851 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 124124 | 124578 | 125181 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 124701 | 125014 | 125685 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 126766 | 126899 | 127076 | aimer192s |
| 127933 | 128250 | 132658 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 129594 | 129852 | 130190 | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 165386 | 166165 | 166796 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 167573 | 169446 | 170382 | nccsign1aes |
| 163083 | 170852 | 178945 | T: hector |
| 174974 | 175918 | 177537 | T: pass769 |
| 188765 | 189070 | 189661 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 188951 | 189339 | 189872 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 189021 | 189349 | 189739 | crossrsdp192small |
| 200972 | 201249 | 201585 | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 204021 | 206498 | 208546 | T: pass863 |
| 204325 | 206501 | 208681 | nccsign1 |
| 224866 | 226733 | 229254 | nccsign3aes |
| 276218 | 278585 | 281148 | nccsign3 |
| 292902 | 293318 | 293948 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 293160 | 293654 | 294187 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 294228 | 294749 | 295301 | crossrsdp256small |
| 304727 | 306074 | 307730 | nccsign5aes |
| 317969 | 318261 | 318699 | aimer256f |
| 347988 | 348221 | 348888 | aimer256s |
| 275152? | 387010? | 725966? | haetae2 |
| 412278 | 414595 | 416302 | nccsign5 |
| 431662 | 434589 | 438445 | T: donald1024 |
| 476044 | 476340 | 477267 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 564019 | 564680 | 564990 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 630165 | 632489 | 637228 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 635924 | 636301 | 638422 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 636085 | 638000 | 646187 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 647926 | 649409 | 654321 | T: mqdss48 |
| 649956 | 651067 | 654162 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 400162? | 670895? | 1302679? | haetae5 |
| 692427 | 693100 | 695976 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 706205 | 709824 | 714736 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 771620 | 774556 | 804567 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 519848? | 784005? | 1099748? | haetae3 |
| 841017 | 843678 | 847425 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 869560 | 875850 | 884249 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 1038558 | 1039990 | 1042073 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 1001661? | 1327758? | 1927062? | T: qtesla1 |
| 1350880 | 1351071 | 1352019 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 1398638 | 1404368 | 1416311 | T: donald2048 |
| 1448592 | 1450858 | 1461325 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 1518532 | 1520859 | 1525076 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 1574003 | 1593955 | 1600383 | T: mqdss64 |
| 1838994 | 1840993 | 1841708 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 1913479 | 1959734 | 1961449 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 2140345 | 2146712 | 2154342 | T: edons128ref |
| 2318086 | 2320968 | 2322032 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 2480212 | 2483493 | 2488750 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 2591011 | 2599735 | 2600545 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 2620010 | 2626258 | 2634718 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 2628487 | 2629194 | 2630046 | T: sphincs256 |
| 2782877 | 2787990 | 2793564 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 2257229? | 3323059? | 4405303? | T: qtesla3f |
| 3789264 | 3791509 | 3794449 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 3809611 | 3826504 | 3831829 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 4044648 | 4046900 | 4097912 | T: luov863256 |
| 4998087 | 5018345 | 5020215 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 4483622? | 5128441? | 6335199? | T: qtesla1p |
| 5381593 | 5395259 | 5417588 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 5399763 | 5412531 | 5422120 | T: mqsignlr2567246 |
| 5415983 | 5425311 | 5436769 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 3414535? | 5594260? | 6719951? | T: qtesla3s |
| 5737955 | 5752401 | 5767989 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 5721633 | 5755279 | 5771280 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 6392797 | 6399422 | 6408071 | T: luov863256pc |
| 6463470 | 6481413 | 6503806 | T: mqsignrr2567246 |
| 6517908 | 6528897 | 6558055 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 7046613 | 7051664 | 7079933 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 7502133 | 7526314 | 7582021 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 10827363 | 10830815 | 10943999 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 11180781 | 11188862 | 11213845 | T: 3icp |
| 9004724? | 12995006? | 16000673? | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 13923815 | 13985999 | 14024687 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 14956009 | 14965130 | 14967289 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 15838479 | 15856001 | 16020846 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 15986038 | 16036455 | 16104625 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 16042778 | 16073014 | 16093384 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 16048794 | 16757442 | 18037712 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 16348043 | 17580969 | 19313326 | T: falcon512tree |
| 17944091 | 17962361 | 17968309 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 18316411 | 18339633 | 18359888 | T: luov4849242 |
| 18399901 | 18409449 | 18437975 | T: luov890351 |
| 14109224? | 18882184? | 24049674? | T: ronald512 |
| 19032407 | 19083610 | 19093157 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 22051352 | 22075758 | 22100352 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 22404780 | 22477302 | 22630176 | T: mqsignlr25611272 |
| 22451033 | 22555607 | 22627762 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 26834790 | 27009185 | 27190908 | T: mqsignrr25611272 |
| 26923557 | 27013358 | 27183023 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 28100961 | 28150907 | 28210046 | T: luov890351pc |
| 22039002? | 28324126? | 38451707? | T: qtesla3p |
| 28888364 | 28899319 | 28938315 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 29384176 | 29403586 | 29422398 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 30082859 | 30448643 | 30716894 | T: tts6440 |
| 30596501 | 30681895 | 30952918 | T: luov8117404 |
| 34296591 | 34415795 | 34708166 | T: rainbowbinary16242020 |
| 27549095? | 35953132? | 46279828? | T: ronald768 |
| 37003449 | 37023593 | 37077237 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 37351785 | 37423807 | 37446047 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 43281886 | 43312165 | 43903615 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 44331265 | 44727016 | 44861363 | T: pflash1 |
| 31251425? | 48756473? | 60872341? | T: ronald1024 |
| 49199387 | 49532374 | 49678580 | T: luov8117404pc |
| 50154131 | 50178057 | 50241720 | T: gemss128 |
| 50393437 | 50429948 | 50461527 | T: bluegemss128 |
| 51085703 | 52081873 | 58391662 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 52252081 | 53148062 | 53997456 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 50656984 | 53171299 | 56187256 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 53116905 | 53257699 | 53429413 | T: redgemss128 |
| 53230729 | 53560255 | 54283426 | T: mqsignlr25614896 |
| 55976079 | 55988604 | 56016922 | T: gemss128v2 |
| 56949581 | 56971266 | 57005385 | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 57846808 | 57960388 | 58203277 | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 59027406 | 59116333 | 59192986 | T: luov6468330 |
| 59621618 | 59641474 | 59840300 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 61127513 | 61154390 | 61171175 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 64288251 | 64358425 | 68698808 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 74040797 | 74167469 | 74866107 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 74251182 | 74618104 | 75146438 | T: mqsignrr25614896 |
| 77256762 | 77287997 | 77329009 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 82402998 | 83503717 | 83579271 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 87447121 | 87690926 | 87872401 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 89703564 | 89898030 | 90972650 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 89965244 | 90119167 | 90320391 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 116588957 | 116945904 | 117776722 | T: luov8086399 |
| 119891670 | 120166989 | 120772427 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 121567246 | 121939140 | 122034054 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 165376515 | 165425035 | 165461995 | T: sflashv2 |
| 183414362 | 183518465 | 183923053 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 220780614 | 220909121 | 221875020 | T: redgemss192 |
| 224100455 | 224222423 | 224462754 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 224329579 | 224605650 | 225574031 | T: bluegemss192 |
| 226145153 | 226488532 | 228394230 | T: gemss192 |
| 243296479 | 243405883 | 243799132 | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 245666092 | 245948856 | 247033901 | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 247582066 | 247823495 | 248614545 | T: gemss192v2 |
| 187093383? | 249268210? | 356672868? | T: ronald1536 |
| 252110362 | 253402651 | 254664762 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 271713276 | 272938520 | 273935300 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 287042758 | 287282862 | 295140888 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 291300952 | 291672247 | 292205667 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 307024371 | 307148659 | 307279361 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 347390663 | 347627684 | 349322380 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
| 275029963? | 370042039? | 446412123? | T: ronald2048 |
| 462136319 | 462486047 | 462781561 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 617878161 | 618543123 | 619855375 | T: redgemss256 |
| 641385835 | 642884135 | 644823118 | T: bluegemss256 |
| 645620872 | 646469376 | 647150704 | T: gemss256 |
| 665375042 | 666165807 | 667228248 | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 678099570 | 678638150 | 679623738 | T: gemss256v2 |
| 677820949 | 678819975 | 680128621 | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 898135112 | 898286868 | 898401505 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 1009371686? | 1443137620? | 2065427554? | T: ronald3072 |
| 2609423337 | 2670962423 | 2749393615 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 3128010310? | 4284284299? | 5797064456? | T: ronald4096 |
| 14369521698 | 14402336799 | 14404999259 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 28750572224 | 28752377441 | 28820749666 | T: gravitysphincsm |
|
| Cycles to sign 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 11795 | 12068 | 12737 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 23337 | 23779 | 24690 | T: rainbowbinary16242020 |
| 25888 | 26610 | 28081 | T: tts6440 |
| 49042 | 49083 | 49151 | ed25519 |
| 50361 | 52682 | 55724 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 59785 | 61360 | 63708 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 61166 | 64020 | 65109 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 69023 | 70590 | 71756 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 71737 | 72410 | 72970 | T: mqsignlr2567246 |
| 75880 | 76213 | 76690 | T: sflashv2 |
| 89511 | 97046 | 99029 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 102500 | 104128 | 105779 | T: mqsignrr2567246 |
| 116303 | 118672 | 127173 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 93674? | 121473? | 166299? | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 124951 | 125625 | 126502 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 126238? | 151967? | 278136? | dilithium3aes |
| 100437? | 162274? | 265093? | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 171900 | 172070 | 172764 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 94531? | 177164? | 343589? | T: lattisigns512 |
| 172591 | 180194 | 182434 | T: hector |
| 197534 | 197889 | 198875 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 142099? | 215270? | 270390? | dilithium5aes |
| 227235 | 233941 | 237983 | T: mqsignlr25611272 |
| 202538? | 245853? | 338338? | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 259960 | 263400 | 267590 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 270371 | 271234 | 271978 | T: luov863256pc |
| 246160? | 303783? | 406207? | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 321520 | 323219 | 325150 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 324202 | 328119 | 331296 | T: ronald512 |
| 326801 | 332887 | 336384 | T: mqsignrr25611272 |
| 330699 | 336840 | 343666 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 337814 | 338781 | 341898 | T: donald1024 |
| 339477? | 343126? | 498502? | nccsign1 |
| 352342 | 357360 | 361565 | T: falcon512tree |
| 351461 | 359480 | 365821 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 284728? | 396675? | 534493? | nccsign1aes |
| 294407? | 432141? | 588488? | T: qtesla1 |
| 425388 | 438948 | 444596 | T: mqsignlr25614896 |
| 222666? | 439745? | 454592? | T: pass769 |
| 488761 | 495152 | 500867 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 255912? | 505331? | 776925? | T: pass863 |
| 335515? | 540421? | 763054? | T: qtesla3f |
| 381295? | 567628? | 904611? | nccsign3aes |
| 574676 | 580537 | 586482 | T: ronald768 |
| 320250? | 583879? | 1026291? | T: 3icp |
| 586998 | 617874 | 642903 | T: mqsignrr25614896 |
| 657949 | 662620 | 666546 | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 345981? | 665245? | 1301115? | T: pflash1 |
| 460392? | 673573? | 1022544? | nccsign3 |
| 634362 | 675130 | 696883 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 672054 | 676424 | 680396 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 674740 | 678626 | 682379 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 680121 | 683221 | 692733 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 691955 | 701460 | 703999 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 700503 | 707005 | 713942 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 712953 | 720344 | 729796 | T: ronald1024 |
| 752167 | 756558 | 760422 | T: luov890351pc |
| 542957? | 765781? | 1050409? | nccsign5aes |
| 810844 | 813623 | 816429 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 822070 | 827371 | 834447 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 887990 | 894958 | 903038 | T: donald2048 |
| 910215 | 914777 | 924536 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 930182 | 932072 | 941240 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 679306? | 939001? | 1262429? | nccsign5 |
| 934730 | 941229 | 954113 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 603650? | 949744? | 1348498? | T: qtesla1p |
| 974541 | 979071 | 989090 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 1021451 | 1023723 | 1025217 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 501275? | 1053876? | 2143553? | T: qtesla3s |
| 1047806 | 1054181 | 1088441 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 773227? | 1088838? | 2352398? | haetae3 |
| 502668? | 1117402? | 2349544? | haetae2 |
| 1128035 | 1134049 | 1141678 | T: luov8117404pc |
| 1234800 | 1237709 | 1242223 | aimer128f |
| 1362456 | 1367795 | 1374585 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 804990? | 1451380? | 2707562? | haetae5 |
| 1541574 | 1543486 | 1548504 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 1612316 | 1613922 | 1616863 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 1783822 | 1785126 | 1786481 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 1798567 | 1800703 | 1803070 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 1998615 | 2005579 | 2011271 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2147548 | 2155613 | 2159932 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 2526393 | 2530587 | 2545429 | T: edons128ref |
| 2661734 | 2665927 | 2676512 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 2668716 | 2676313 | 2697853 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 1948077? | 2700869? | 5148238? | T: qtesla3p |
| 2810427 | 2827587 | 2838460 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 2923383 | 2932759 | 2937359 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 3007298 | 3009900 | 3013221 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 3131871 | 3148663 | 3160460 | T: ronald2048 |
| 3270815 | 3272317 | 3273131 | picnicl1full |
| 3288839 | 3289488 | 3290236 | aimer192f |
| 3511303 | 3514588 | 3550380 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 3591591 | 3598945 | 3605720 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 3637957 | 3639019 | 3640709 | T: luov863256 |
| 3143982? | 4001754? | 4851464? | T: redgemss128 |
| 3996866 | 4005474 | 4011108 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 4140767 | 4143365 | 4146364 | picnicl1fs |
| 3543511? | 4176751? | 5217662? | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 4241274 | 4257272 | 4264942 | T: mqdss48 |
| 4346344 | 4351041 | 4356269 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 5010614 | 5017299 | 5039166 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 5388392 | 5390635 | 5407682 | picnicl1ur |
| 5777288 | 5791664 | 5815214 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 6044889 | 6048850 | 6054958 | crossrsdp128small |
| 6102506 | 6138317 | 6155195 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 6346027 | 6348345 | 6351241 | picnicl3full |
| 6615148 | 6619577 | 6624679 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 6660821 | 6669467 | 6675710 | aimer256f |
| 6881739 | 6897037 | 6907656 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 7155614 | 7161839 | 7167646 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 7696059 | 7700943 | 7710917 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 8357194 | 8377061 | 8385922 | T: ronald3072 |
| 9139742 | 9145899 | 9153419 | picnicl3fs |
| 9398210 | 9414089 | 9432412 | aimer128s |
| 9874626 | 9882125 | 9885631 | crossrsdp192small |
| 10154729 | 10174468 | 10480002 | T: mqdss64 |
| 10434994 | 10438157 | 10451184 | picnicl5full |
| 9177679? | 10793861? | 12982657? | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 8580739? | 11117116? | 11931223? | T: redgemss192 |
| 11531077 | 11537981 | 11541548 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 11772252 | 11776456 | 11780266 | T: luov890351 |
| 12416737 | 12429141 | 12435050 | picnicl3ur |
| 12640474 | 12687886 | 12793786 | T: gravitysphincsm |
| 12928102 | 12943276 | 12981968 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 15163800 | 15191684 | 15265575 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 14175644? | 15345417? | 18800314? | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 15756602 | 15772632 | 15800218 | picnic3l1 |
| 15292670 | 15806266 | 16025093 | picnicl5fs |
| 17191616 | 17207304 | 17215546 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 14137202? | 17462957? | 22926485? | T: redgemss256 |
| 17671523 | 17709020 | 17761793 | T: ronald4096 |
| 18566610 | 18571213 | 18577612 | crossrsdp256small |
| 20360150 | 20369359 | 20388549 | T: luov8117404 |
| 20387879 | 20392965 | 20405251 | picnicl5ur |
| 20747760 | 20762748 | 20778925 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 21465632 | 21486901 | 21511586 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 24785058 | 24795693 | 24908011 | aimer192s |
| 32202477 | 32280810 | 32391593 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 33321988 | 33364695 | 33430600 | picnic3l3 |
| 36928620 | 37011058 | 37104995 | T: luov4849242 |
| 44748376 | 44860748 | 44939224 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 46124961 | 46154993 | 46303062 | T: sphincs256 |
| 47296756 | 47332093 | 47355725 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 47864687 | 47897467 | 47921254 | aimer256s |
| 56798135 | 56842959 | 56945366 | picnic3l5 |
| 59596255 | 61256319 | 61345329 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 61772928 | 61798044 | 61857886 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 74475413 | 74626262 | 74762322 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 84999404 | 85252824 | 85458933 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 99002570 | 99193321 | 99358153 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 112535647 | 112595850 | 112721229 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 115311299 | 115403032 | 115550247 | T: luov6468330 |
| 116747718 | 116928594 | 117139532 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 122708814 | 122999516 | 123176146 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 122911630 | 123070642 | 123218585 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 111070877? | 133183896? | 198870466? | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 111213361? | 133831989? | 156534478? | T: bluegemss128 |
| 161056240 | 161274993 | 161474331 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 188456782 | 188650052 | 200146190 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 218107681 | 218292630 | 218530102 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 226840023 | 227148454 | 227364128 | T: luov8086399 |
| 286450817 | 286695552 | 286965273 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 296651096 | 297120802 | 297601563 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 306725398 | 306907129 | 307344809 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 258443066? | 322214680? | 447994222? | T: bluegemss192 |
| 280908553? | 337203395? | 399325446? | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 356565409 | 356851510 | 361822444 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 370346531 | 370727438 | 371587780 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 413520179 | 413717442 | 413932443 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 435132509 | 435862971 | 437145813 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 447952456? | 536747779? | 714393905? | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 538386119 | 538976461 | 539206910 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 631467582 | 631899763 | 632281006 | T: picnic2l5fs |
| 650084003 | 650785682 | 651281540 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 672826436 | 673231268 | 681131908 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 564171343? | 673717407? | 788647593? | T: bluegemss256 |
| 742063682 | 742320571 | 759978772 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 685823584? | 826255310? | 963326788? | T: gemss128 |
| 695359218? | 834514536? | 975979527? | T: gemss128v2 |
| 963462492 | 964608038 | 965192752 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 1088939791 | 1090607160 | 1091994701 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 1408721263 | 1428690703 | 1431465433 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 1438722293 | 1439097911 | 1441331850 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 1933621608 | 1935957460 | 1937195623 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 1872165813? | 2239453410? | 2633952791? | T: gemss192v2 |
| 2139782029? | 2567816823? | 2996753511? | T: gemss192 |
| 2662016457 | 2662843080 | 2664398493 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 3100056395 | 3103708078 | 3112403048 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 3350301542 | 3353292397 | 3360591769 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 3532939702 | 3533836203 | 3536475900 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 3198990789? | 3838629704? | 4478403131? | T: gemss256v2 |
| 4188455945 | 4190324597 | 4202138521 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 3932054846? | 4720835443? | 5516304858? | T: gemss256 |
| 5376303025 | 5379731298 | 5382784111 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 7226035409 | 7229835587 | 7242701825 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
|
| Cycles to verify 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 5827 | 5923 | 6088 | T: rwb0fuz1024 |
| 8969 | 9090 | 9350 | T: rainbowbinary256181212 |
| 15996 | 16889 | 17601 | T: rainbowbinary16242020 |
| 16878 | 17997 | 20179 | T: 3icp |
| 21151 | 21916 | 22827 | T: rainbow5640 |
| 21601 | 21922 | 22246 | T: ronald512 |
| 21880 | 23079 | 24380 | T: rainbow6440 |
| 23937 | 24280 | 24564 | T: ronald768 |
| 24291 | 25407 | 27435 | T: rainbow1aclassic363232 |
| 27354 | 27566 | 28011 | T: ronald1024 |
| 27254 | 28445 | 31191 | T: tts6440 |
| 28741 | 28973 | 29187 | T: lattisigns512 |
| 36304 | 36577 | 38063 | T: ronald1536 |
| 43830 | 44314 | 44797 | T: mqsignlr2567246 |
| 45450 | 46443 | 47684 | T: mqsignrr2567246 |
| 46734 | 48199 | 50645 | mqsignlr2567246 |
| 46496 | 48351 | 49646 | mqsignrr2567246 |
| 47916 | 48493 | 49501 | T: ronald2048 |
| 52767 | 52921 | 53145 | T!!!dilithium2aes |
| 58138 | 60329 | 61222 | T: gravitysphincss |
| 60521 | 60714 | 60952 | T: sflashv2 |
| 68741 | 69927 | 70221 | T: falcon512tree |
| 71584 | 72028 | 72777 | T: qtesla1 |
| 76870 | 77078 | 77323 | dilithium3aes |
| 78586 | 78716 | 78927 | T!!!dilithium2 |
| 79638 | 80011 | 80603 | T: ronald3072 |
| 84838 | 85592 | 86182 | T: falcon512dyn |
| 92832 | 93746 | 95004 | T: luov863256pc |
| 106187 | 106605 | 107015 | haetae2 |
| 115688 | 115973 | 116404 | dilithium5aes |
| 122382 | 122940 | 124967 | T: ronald4096 |
| 130180 | 130318 | 130556 | T!!!dilithium3 |
| 138683 | 139486 | 140079 | T: falcon1024tree |
| 144888 | 145639 | 145986 | T: qtesla3f |
| 147722 | 149370 | 151220 | T: rainbow3cclassic683248 |
| 148980 | 149411 | 150081 | T: qtesla3s |
| 159335 | 159981 | 160696 | ed25519 |
| 158850 | 164719 | 169757 | T: pflash1 |
| 167124 | 167488 | 168006 | haetae3 |
| 170031 | 171079 | 171687 | T: falcon1024dyn |
| 195920 | 196913 | 198364 | nccsign1aes |
| 198574 | 198957 | 199573 | haetae5 |
| 206790 | 207140 | 207413 | T!!!dilithium5 |
| 208649 | 212524 | 217300 | T: redgemss128 |
| 216402 | 219016 | 222003 | mqsignlr25611272 |
| 213590 | 220267 | 223901 | T: mqsignlr25611272 |
| 216130 | 221094 | 224441 | T: redgemss128v2 |
| 214738? | 221571? | 278735? | T: bluegemss128 |
| 216541 | 224750 | 230189 | T: mqsignrr25611272 |
| 217469? | 224944? | 282475? | T: bluegemss128v2 |
| 219989 | 230756 | 233111 | mqsignrr25611272 |
| 229880 | 232153 | 233456 | nccsign1 |
| 252496 | 258631 | 262187 | T: gravitysphincsm |
| 260906 | 261988 | 263384 | nccsign3aes |
| 267809 | 268210 | 269069 | T: ecdonaldp256 |
| 267857 | 269610 | 271472 | T: donald1024 |
| 273705 | 275553 | 276846 | T: pass769 |
| 303447 | 311239 | 343474 | T: gemss128v2 |
| 310508 | 313096 | 314381 | nccsign3 |
| 312260 | 314340 | 316955 | T: pass863 |
| 321750 | 326971 | 335926 | T: luov890351pc |
| 323519 | 337445 | 374613 | T: gemss128 |
| 342969 | 346413 | 349229 | T: gravitysphincsl |
| 342860 | 348840 | 352251 | T: rainbow5cclassic963664 |
| 351637 | 352511 | 354784 | T: qtesla1p |
| 361996 | 363665 | 365601 | T: edons128k08n72nu8l4mu3 |
| 373950 | 374818 | 376305 | T: ecdonaldp224 |
| 368217 | 375409 | 384964 | T: sphincss128harakasimple |
| 383617 | 384400 | 385505 | nccsign5aes |
| 457551 | 458780 | 461394 | nccsign5 |
| 458749 | 464689 | 469157 | T: luov8117404pc |
| 477949 | 511559 | 522940 | mqsignlr25614896 |
| 479378 | 519447 | 528104 | T: mqsignlr25614896 |
| 470429 | 528712 | 535240 | mqsignrr25614896 |
| 468687 | 530204 | 535000 | T: mqsignrr25614896 |
| 554350 | 562477 | 568639 | T: sphincss192harakasimple |
| 575155 | 579845 | 583177 | T: ed448goldilocks |
| 584153 | 588310 | 593891 | T: edons128ref |
| 580280 | 608391 | 651991 | T: redgemss192 |
| 621697 | 623518 | 627391 | crossrsdpg128fast |
| 629820 | 645921 | 688698 | T: redgemss192v2 |
| 673783 | 689152 | 706961 | T: sphincss128harakarobust |
| 687719 | 692086 | 697917 | T: ecdonaldp160 |
| 738319 | 740962 | 748668 | T: hector |
| 780409 | 791278 | 806668 | T: sphincss256harakasimple |
| 791561 | 799959 | 807645 | T: donald2048 |
| 806637 | 811977 | 814684 | T: ecdonaldp192 |
| 746333 | 818970 | 902312 | T: gemss192v2 |
| 860579 | 873980 | 879661 | T: sphincsf128harakasimple |
| 823105? | 958571? | 1057912? | T: bluegemss192v2 |
| 1043731 | 1067084 | 1078968 | T: sphincss192harakarobust |
| 1157738 | 1159059 | 1160907 | crossrsdp128fast |
| 1104030 | 1192381 | 1268359 | T: redgemss256 |
| 1114656 | 1200970 | 1389981 | T: bluegemss256v2 |
| 1212652 | 1213247 | 1215739 | aimer128f |
| 1175331 | 1228300 | 1349879 | T: redgemss256v2 |
| 1050230? | 1257810? | 2784352? | T: gemss256 |
| 1134360 | 1277624 | 1399821 | T: bluegemss256 |
| 1201049? | 1278702? | 2741748? | T: gemss256v2 |
| 1277777 | 1279314 | 1280740 | T: ecdonaldk163 |
| 1156721 | 1287680 | 1381009 | T: bluegemss192 |
| 1283485 | 1290516 | 1299406 | crossrsdpg128balanced |
| 1321918 | 1324820 | 1356078 | T: ecdonaldb163 |
| 1360443 | 1374791 | 1387231 | T: sphincsf192harakasimple |
| 1385492 | 1398758 | 1418316 | T: sphincss256harakarobust |
| 1243541 | 1409860 | 1540021 | T: gemss192 |
| 1425852 | 1430024 | 1435348 | crossrsdpg192fast |
| 1495522 | 1507835 | 1519191 | T: sphincsf256harakasimple |
| 1582019 | 1600726 | 1620727 | T: sphincsf128harakarobust |
| 1604380 | 1613533 | 1624160 | T: sphincs256 |
| 1720948 | 1725684 | 1729411 | T: qtesla3p |
| 1732431 | 1739375 | 1751145 | T: ecdonaldk233 |
| 1780674 | 1788391 | 1793616 | T: ecdonaldb233 |
| 1861806 | 1864428 | 1868168 | T: ecdonaldp521 |
| 1877228 | 1879836 | 1887196 | crossrsdpg192balanced |
| 2220216 | 2222735 | 2228424 | crossrsdp128balanced |
| 2254538 | 2324338 | 2396149 | T: sphincss128sha256simple |
| 2410653 | 2412460 | 2414231 | crossrsdpg256fast |
| 2412887 | 2438129 | 2457624 | T: sphincsf192harakarobust |
| 2468165 | 2475492 | 2491630 | T: ecdonaldp384 |
| 2537566 | 2540263 | 2543217 | crossrsdp192fast |
| 2587394 | 2589215 | 2613429 | picnicl1full |
| 2603550 | 2619350 | 2632159 | T: mqdss48 |
| 2618747 | 2622254 | 2624173 | crossrsdpg128small |
| 2655918 | 2695145 | 2726673 | T: sphincsf256harakarobust |
| 2655932 | 2706768 | 2755786 | T: sphincss128shake256simple |
| 2978866 | 2981237 | 2984220 | T: ecdonaldk283 |
| 2993036 | 2998371 | 3008990 | crossrsdpg256balanced |
| 2999100 | 2999973 | 3001808 | T: luov863256 |
| 3122623 | 3127275 | 3135331 | T: ecdonaldb283 |
| 3248338 | 3249798 | 3250895 | aimer192f |
| 3270209 | 3277117 | 3292131 | picnicl1fs |
| 3473119 | 3504755 | 3552106 | T: sphincss192sha256simple |
| 3744428 | 3751463 | 3784507 | crossrsdpg192small |
| 3934788 | 4007129 | 4070152 | T: sphincss192shake256simple |
| 4287178 | 4298933 | 4327169 | picnicl1ur |
| 4401349 | 4489270 | 4606172 | T: sphincss128sha256robust |
| 4437981 | 4516393 | 4568966 | T: sphincss256sha256simple |
| 4550567 | 4554931 | 4557348 | crossrsdp256fast |
| 4740188 | 4745607 | 4753765 | crossrsdp128small |
| 4819432 | 4824613 | 4828092 | crossrsdp192balanced |
| 5103941 | 5108574 | 5116892 | picnicl3full |
| 5158775 | 5178329 | 5184714 | T: ecdonaldk409 |
| 5166433 | 5245605 | 5377997 | T: sphincss128shake256robust |
| 5193551 | 5258360 | 5383475 | T: sphincss256shake256simple |
| 5446881 | 5460025 | 5474436 | T: ecdonaldb409 |
| 5580672 | 5657263 | 5752166 | T: sphincsf128sha256simple |
| 5685788 | 5717842 | 5730375 | crossrsdpg256small |
| 6420098 | 6564206 | 6672161 | T: sphincsf128shake256simple |
| 6582902 | 6590176 | 6600956 | aimer256f |
| 6773650 | 6799257 | 6846347 | T: mqdss64 |
| 6938108 | 7047090 | 7141038 | T: sphincss192sha256robust |
| 7241093 | 7285040 | 7539375 | picnicl3fs |
| 7435317 | 7439513 | 7443981 | crossrsdp192small |
| 7723795 | 7804476 | 7935608 | T: sphincss192shake256robust |
| 8300151 | 8313730 | 8327611 | crossrsdp256balanced |
| 8393380 | 8401680 | 8413726 | picnicl5full |
| 8805198 | 8856621 | 8935230 | T: sphincsf192sha256simple |
| 9084798 | 9248217 | 9321089 | T: sphincsf256sha256simple |
| 9373077 | 9378218 | 9387432 | aimer128s |
| 9960072 | 9980682 | 9996052 | picnicl3ur |
| 10086706 | 10101033 | 10139651 | T: rainbow1acompres363232 |
| 10085652 | 10107499 | 10135879 | T: rainbow1acyclicc363232 |
| 10095476 | 10257413 | 10327006 | T: sphincss256shake256robust |
| 10543178 | 10545126 | 10546970 | T: luov890351 |
| 10446270 | 10549952 | 10649377 | T: sphincsf192shake256simple |
| 10429024 | 10551333 | 10716937 | T: sphincsf256shake256simple |
| 10532074 | 10752145 | 10981120 | T: sphincsf128sha256robust |
| 11192653 | 11212092 | 11231694 | T: ecdonaldk571 |
| 11892436 | 11914313 | 11938924 | T: ecdonaldb571 |
| 12239639 | 12279726 | 12287204 | picnicl5fs |
| 12641494 | 12807082 | 12986654 | T: sphincsf128shake256robust |
| 12768293 | 12808933 | 12845781 | picnic3l1 |
| 13127368 | 13382445 | 13499143 | T: sphincss256sha256robust |
| 13541386 | 13558312 | 13571365 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 14261938 | 14270788 | 14287345 | crossrsdp256small |
| 16602275 | 17080653 | 17157669 | picnicl5ur |
| 18160312 | 18165980 | 18173404 | T: luov8117404 |
| 17950351 | 18183852 | 18325815 | T: sphincsf192sha256robust |
| 20039335 | 20250530 | 20551586 | T: sphincsf192shake256robust |
| 20576716 | 20759866 | 20856994 | T: sphincsf256shake256robust |
| 24727538 | 24735016 | 24748874 | aimer192s |
| 26478532 | 26555993 | 26657287 | T: luov4849242 |
| 26346891 | 26643941 | 27115201 | T: sphincsf256sha256robust |
| 27350055 | 27372590 | 27420996 | picnic3l3 |
| 43934827 | 43971245 | 44041687 | picnic3l5 |
| 47610961 | 47622507 | 47633938 | aimer256s |
| 58946548 | 58986148 | 59050716 | T: picnic2l1fs |
| 60333431 | 60414074 | 60575777 | T: rainbow3ccyclicc683248 |
| 60628210 | 60778749 | 60981349 | T: rainbow3ccompres683248 |
| 69605652 | 69660389 | 69732161 | T: luov6468330 |
| 130155267 | 130191495 | 130296924 | T: picnic2l3fs |
| 132220812 | 132474553 | 134161361 | T: luov8086399 |
| 138378718 | 138809729 | 148401687 | T: rainbow5ccompres963664 |
| 138547960 | 138840127 | 141383564 | T: rainbow5ccyclicc963664 |
| 224951387 | 225207449 | 225419348 | T: picnic2l5fs |
|
|
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