Measurements of key-encapsulation mechanisms on one machine: amd64; Ivy Bridge+AES (306a9); 2012 Intel Core i5-3427U; 2 x 1800MHz; hunsnivy, supercop-20260831
[Page version: 20260902 19:04:37]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for key-encapsulation mechanisms:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time for "encapsulation":
time to compute a ciphertext and corresponding session key, given a user's public key.
- Time for "decapsulation":
time to compute the session key from the ciphertext, given the user's secret key.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Space for a ciphertext.
- Space for a session key.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this key-encapsulation mechanism.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each key-encapsulation mechanism and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new key-encapsulation mechanisms
and new implementations of existing systems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(kcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
NISTPQC graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(kcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 68403 | 68546 | 68842 | threebears624r2cca |
| 69559 | 69713 | 69857 | C:threebears624r2cpa |
| 71680 | 71928 | 72136 | C:threebears624r2cpax |
| 73299 | 73454 | 73754 | threebears624r2ccax |
| 75838 | 76866 | 78688 | T: lightsaber2 |
| 86145 | 86574 | 87438 | mlkem512 |
| 86170 | 86740 | 87459 | kyber512 |
| 107110 | 107726 | 128806 | smaugt1 |
| 108885 | 109760 | 113301 | timer |
| 124104 | 124301 | 124905 | threebears936r2cca |
| 129742 | 130171 | 130516 | C:threebears936r2cpa |
| 130073 | 130662 | 131297 | threebears936r2ccax |
| 133033 | 133306 | 133714 | C:threebears936r2cpax |
| 144623 | 145648 | 147178 | mlkem768 |
| 145155 | 145936 | 147461 | kyber768 |
| 151228 | 151479 | 151870 | T!!!newhope512cca |
| 150812 | 152557 | 157806 | T: saber2 |
| 179576? | 180063? | 228938? | ntruplus576 |
| 197932 | 198201 | 199071 | threebears1248r2cca |
| 203295 | 204366 | 204915 | threebears1248r2ccax |
| 204234 | 204773 | 205657 | C:threebears1248r2cpa |
| 208497 | 208888 | 209511 | C:threebears1248r2cpax |
| 210615 | 212045 | 216884 | smaugt3 |
| 226141 | 226645 | 227365 | kyber90s512 |
| 225823 | 226743 | 228102 | kyber1024 |
| 227131 | 228138 | 229760 | mlkem1024 |
| 254261 | 257249 | 262651 | T: firesaber2 |
| 294522 | 301980 | 318106 | T: kindi256342 |
| 310928 | 316406 | 319978 | T: kindi512222 |
| 319107 | 319466 | 320302 | T!!!newhope1024cca |
| 315861 | 322216 | 325055 | T: kindi512241 |
| 334231 | 336312 | 347423 | smaugt5 |
| 345897 | 347141 | 348148 | T: C:hila5 |
| 424259 | 424937 | 426519 | kyber90s768 |
| 639621 | 646301 | 664699 | T: kindi512321 |
| 679809 | 680891 | 682979 | kyber90s1024 |
| 782512 | 792969 | 806954 | T: kindi256522 |
| 846335 | 848629 | 853400 | T: lima2p1024cca |
| 1655308 | 1658518 | 1674127 | T: titaniumccatoy |
| 1737467 | 1740372 | 1754485 | T: lima2p2048cca |
| 1864079 | 1867021 | 1884549 | T: titaniumccalite |
| 1865369 | 1868472 | 1878546 | T: limasp1018cca |
| 2407579 | 2418855 | 2445361 | T: C:bikel1 |
| 2586087 | 2591881 | 2615148 | T: titaniumccastd |
| 2657820 | 2664427 | 2683637 | T: titaniumccamed |
| 2803574 | 2809838 | 2830129 | T: titaniumccahi |
| 3386691 | 3395911 | 3418577 | T: limasp1306cca |
| 3768105 | 3780802 | 3799772 | T: limasp1822cca |
| 4141177 | 4151631 | 4169987 | T: titaniumccasuper |
| 6633642 | 6645436 | 6657369 | T: limasp2062cca |
| 7288326 | 7305297 | 7342882 | T: C:bikel3 |
| 9835081 | 9963724 | 10067873 | T: ramstakers216091 |
| 10286512 | 10311927 | 10825995 | T: frodokem640shake |
| 10690354 | 10739350 | 10763658 | ntruhps2048509 |
| 15321440 | 15332197 | 15348975 | T: sikep503 |
| 18513339 | 18592322 | 18690667 | ntruhps2048677 |
| 18600134 | 18633879 | 18695996 | T: C:ledakemcpa14 |
| 19723507 | 19747078 | 19786583 | ntruhrss701 |
| 24008571 | 24062868 | 24133080 | T: C:ledakemcpa13 |
| 24667933 | 25049351 | 26975119 | T: sikep503comp |
| 26949766 | 27001722 | 27033892 | ntruhps4096821 |
| 41499326 | 41543005 | 41592146 | T: C:ledakemcpa12 |
| 41578994 | 41894168 | 43582679 | T: frodokem1344shake |
| 42189036 | 42987994 | 44217382 | T: ramstakers756839 |
| 56662624 | 57104478 | 57693038 | T: ntskem1264 |
| 58745289 | 58813161 | 59079402 | T: ledakem1464 |
| 63586118 | 63636988 | 63700044 | T: C:ledakemcpa34 |
| 67078222 | 67106518 | 67122365 | T: sikep434 |
| 73532126 | 73585140 | 73648903 | T: C:ledakemcpa33 |
| 76351740 | 76417194 | 78389137 | T: ledakem1364 |
| 76782419 | 77934561 | 84983047 | T: sikep751comp |
| 91388684 | 92422937 | 95012248 | T: ledakem14sl |
| 106468384 | 111977978 | 118292030 | T: sikep434comp |
| 111940934 | 112877706 | 114503933 | T: ledakem13sl |
| 122093998 | 122249241 | 122999836 | T: C:ledakemcpa32 |
| 135935760 | 136035037 | 136484112 | T: C:ledakemcpa54 |
| 140253530 | 140382510 | 140676044 | T: C:ledakemcpa53 |
| 161779081 | 161876374 | 162419493 | T: ledakem1264 |
| 163356689 | 165388515 | 169406675 | T: ledakem3464 |
| 174142244 | 180653942 | 190182618 | T: ntskem1380 |
| 194041777 | 194110900 | 194159881 | T: sikep610 |
| 225358632 | 226133648 | 227273552 | T: ledakem12sl |
| 226599461 | 227951964 | 230812917 | T: ledakem34sl |
| 240958786 | 241501496 | 242540397 | T: ledakem3364 |
| 242897251 | 243003417 | 243694286 | T: C:ledakemcpa52 |
| 302007827 | 302150803 | 303272879 | T: ledakem5464 |
| 310389491 | 311486297 | 313121014 | T: ledakem33sl |
| 324654314 | 324885832 | 352660832 | T: sikep610comp |
| 309731964 | 325845997 | 345152757 | T: ntskem13136 |
| 341919862 | 342203566 | 343854130 | T: ledakem3264 |
| 463425791 | 463634311 | 464624229 | T: ledakem5364 |
| 581688181 | 582309126 | 587787418 | T: ledakem54sl |
| 678846361 | 680698478 | 683980587 | T: ledakem32sl |
| 694991190 | 696982104 | 699688684 | T: ledakem53sl |
| 760989894 | 762984668 | 765780673 | T: ledakem5264 |
| 1477921219 | 1480552725 | 1486176649 | T: ledakem52sl |
| -2178877827 | 4511517679 | 4523906532 | T: sikep751 |
|
| Cycles for encapsulation |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 88424 | 89555 | 90550 | smaugt1 |
| 91582 | 93517 | 94413 | timer |
| 93409 | 93600 | 93875 | threebears624r2ccax |
| 93980 | 94185 | 94485 | threebears624r2cca |
| 95682 | 96017 | 96326 | C:threebears624r2cpax |
| 96708 | 96966 | 97234 | C:threebears624r2cpa |
| 105567 | 105612 | 105817 | ntruplus576 |
| 108188 | 109003 | 111010 | T: lightsaber2 |
| 112456 | 113877 | 115189 | T: ntskem1264 |
| 128951 | 129477 | 130043 | mlkem512 |
| 137349 | 138307 | 139361 | T: C:ledakemcpa14 |
| 142688 | 143436 | 144636 | kyber512 |
| 144356 | 145223 | 146604 | T: C:ledakemcpa13 |
| 154870 | 155222 | 155685 | threebears936r2cca |
| 155395 | 155626 | 156098 | threebears936r2ccax |
| 163195 | 163399 | 163939 | C:threebears936r2cpax |
| 164026 | 164197 | 164577 | C:threebears936r2cpa |
| 161568 | 165061 | 168815 | T: C:ledakemcpa12 |
| 182180 | 182584 | 183030 | smaugt3 |
| 196062 | 196547 | 204879 | T: saber2 |
| 206159 | 207064 | 207980 | mlkem768 |
| 225376 | 226387 | 227482 | kyber768 |
| 233709 | 234074 | 234615 | threebears1248r2ccax |
| 234812 | 235137 | 235709 | threebears1248r2cca |
| 243552 | 243766 | 244470 | T!!!newhope512cca |
| 244101 | 244546 | 245469 | C:threebears1248r2cpax |
| 244508 | 244838 | 246073 | C:threebears1248r2cpa |
| 276707 | 276936 | 277658 | kyber90s512 |
| 301791 | 306378 | 323080 | smaugt5 |
| 306255 | 308158 | 311755 | mlkem1024 |
| 311921 | 313446 | 315835 | T: C:ledakemcpa34 |
| 319952 | 323255 | 334589 | T: firesaber2 |
| 323392 | 326034 | 332101 | ntruhps2048509 |
| 330379 | 331571 | 334250 | kyber1024 |
| 336831 | 338663 | 341033 | T: C:ledakemcpa33 |
| 350899 | 355065 | 360192 | ntruhrss701 |
| 388309 | 389170 | 390650 | T: C:bikel1 |
| 385915 | 396624 | 419291 | T: kindi256342 |
| 387696 | 398025 | 447901 | T: ntskem1380 |
| 387083 | 398040 | 415822 | T: C:ledakemcpa32 |
| 448986 | 452791 | 456442 | T: C:hila5 |
| 452764 | 455899 | 468169 | T: kindi512222 |
| 460914 | 463962 | 467532 | ntruhps2048677 |
| 463878 | 474383 | 475530 | T: kindi512241 |
| 490274 | 490651 | 492100 | kyber90s768 |
| 501075 | 501635 | 503220 | T!!!newhope1024cca |
| 536405 | 538236 | 541654 | T: ledakem1464 |
| 542808 | 560264 | 574994 | T: ntskem13136 |
| 606619 | 607738 | 610519 | T: lima2p1024cca |
| 604543 | 610836 | 621210 | ntruhps4096821 |
| 639921 | 643784 | 652797 | T: ledakem14sl |
| 683006 | 690588 | 698458 | T: ledakem1364 |
| 691215 | 693760 | 696753 | T: C:ledakemcpa54 |
| 733597 | 736740 | 740539 | T: C:ledakemcpa53 |
| 752283 | 752821 | 756393 | kyber90s1024 |
| 782711 | 800569 | 855212 | T: C:ledakemcpa52 |
| 872327 | 874629 | 880578 | T: ledakem13sl |
| 855620 | 876186 | 878713 | T: kindi512321 |
| 938656 | 946901 | 969099 | T: kindi256522 |
| 1046929 | 1074714 | 1094211 | T: ledakem1264 |
| 1080885 | 1083729 | 1088509 | T: C:bikel3 |
| 1185090 | 1189348 | 1200070 | T: lima2p2048cca |
| 1235576 | 1237698 | 1245706 | T: titaniumccatoy |
| 1342201 | 1346768 | 1352911 | T: ledakem3464 |
| 1413913 | 1444428 | 1474638 | T: ledakem12sl |
| 1535244 | 1536860 | 1546123 | T: limasp1018cca |
| 1667229 | 1669513 | 1677293 | T: titaniumccalite |
| 1758730 | 1771212 | 1789291 | T: ledakem3364 |
| 1756524 | 1783090 | 1852331 | T: ledakem34sl |
| 2029044 | 2032802 | 2042734 | T: titaniumccastd |
| 2467267 | 2470793 | 2489372 | T: titaniumccamed |
| 2489755 | 2537542 | 2685286 | T: ledakem33sl |
| 2660550 | 2665002 | 2677579 | T: titaniumccahi |
| 2641911 | 2722880 | 2839950 | T: ledakem3264 |
| 2924813 | 2933467 | 2948409 | T: limasp1306cca |
| 2996445 | 3012620 | 3050949 | T: ledakem5464 |
| 3119899 | 3129875 | 3144514 | T: limasp1822cca |
| 3769188 | 3776599 | 3787574 | T: ledakem5364 |
| 3809711 | 3880701 | 3942345 | T: ledakem32sl |
| 3894722 | 3903666 | 3911277 | T: titaniumccasuper |
| 3911483 | 3926913 | 3978757 | T: ledakem54sl |
| 5026470 | 5116784 | 5433122 | T: ledakem53sl |
| 5895393 | 5906077 | 5920291 | T: limasp2062cca |
| 6840549 | 6929370 | 7002562 | T: ledakem5264 |
| 7335679 | 7480999 | 7629328 | T: ledakem52sl |
| 11189983 | 11199271 | 11773899 | T: frodokem640shake |
| 17858921 | 18142609 | 18371428 | T: ramstakers216091 |
| 25124800 | 25131097 | 25147395 | T: sikep503 |
| 38577675 | 38711790 | 38893578 | T: sikep503comp |
| 44895891 | 44934616 | 45059301 | T: frodokem1344shake |
| 75902533 | 76942514 | 79998580 | T: ramstakers756839 |
| 109815478 | 109877037 | 109931476 | T: sikep434 |
| 123119698 | 123367125 | 123973395 | T: sikep751comp |
| 167945182 | 168355541 | 169591414 | T: sikep434comp |
| 357239334 | 357308133 | 357371761 | T: sikep610 |
| 481815296 | 483746434 | 486845243 | T: sikep610comp |
| -8088927150 | 6249384078 | 6254693098 | T: sikep751 |
|
| Cycles for decapsulation |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 23944 | 24331 | 24636 | C:threebears624r2cpax |
| 30630 | 30845 | 31059 | C:threebears936r2cpax |
| 37417 | 37727 | 38099 | C:threebears1248r2cpax |
| 42028 | 42072 | 42160 | C:threebears624r2cpa |
| 56688 | 56809 | 56936 | C:threebears936r2cpa |
| 65246 | 65306 | 65677 | C:threebears1248r2cpa |
| 94885 | 95415 | 96190 | T: C:hila5 |
| 117238 | 118426 | 120037 | T: lightsaber2 |
| 121493 | 121834 | 122558 | smaugt1 |
| 128404 | 128589 | 128807 | threebears624r2ccax |
| 128199 | 131579 | 146299 | timer |
| 139735 | 139804 | 139919 | ntruplus576 |
| 170286 | 170568 | 171027 | threebears624r2cca |
| 185532 | 186406 | 187441 | kyber512 |
| 185571 | 186537 | 187780 | mlkem512 |
| 201782 | 202079 | 202404 | threebears936r2ccax |
| 208679? | 210719? | 268715? | T: saber2 |
| 227445 | 227902 | 228933 | smaugt3 |
| 253654 | 254068 | 254821 | threebears936r2cca |
| 287056 | 287943 | 289521 | mlkem768 |
| 287881 | 288918 | 290187 | kyber768 |
| 290449 | 290680 | 291024 | threebears1248r2ccax |
| 291337 | 291542 | 291846 | T!!!newhope512cca |
| 305007 | 305457 | 305963 | kyber90s512 |
| 341961 | 344845 | 349166 | T: firesaber2 |
| 358377 | 358823 | 359576 | threebears1248r2cca |
| 363544 | 374469 | 378589 | smaugt5 |
| 427653 | 428370 | 429962 | mlkem1024 |
| 429100 | 430231 | 431299 | kyber1024 |
| 465461 | 468554 | 474035 | ntruhps2048509 |
| 484443 | 496803 | 511482 | T: kindi256342 |
| 531937 | 532352 | 533026 | kyber90s768 |
| 598595 | 599215 | 600637 | T!!!newhope1024cca |
| 616310 | 618934 | 628791 | T: ntskem1264 |
| 607186 | 621488 | 624697 | T: kindi512222 |
| 613132 | 629571 | 633259 | T: kindi512241 |
| 697518 | 702870 | 711111 | ntruhps2048677 |
| 758046 | 763051 | 768453 | T: lima2p1024cca |
| 766275 | 767760 | 770268 | ntruhrss701 |
| 801230 | 801636 | 802935 | kyber90s1024 |
| 948114 | 959793 | 977450 | ntruhps4096821 |
| 1076336 | 1102056 | 1105856 | T: kindi512321 |
| 1111624 | 1131863 | 1135878 | T: kindi256522 |
| 1243760 | 1247251 | 1255000 | T: ntskem1380 |
| 1448120 | 1450863 | 1460555 | T: titaniumccatoy |
| 1496033 | 1505732 | 1513244 | T: lima2p2048cca |
| 1914555 | 1919705 | 1931206 | T: titaniumccalite |
| 1987816 | 1995552 | 2004680 | T: limasp1018cca |
| 2205885? | 2220144? | 2793836? | T: C:ledakemcpa13 |
| 2323696 | 2330733 | 2338665 | T: C:ledakemcpa12 |
| 2345520 | 2351829 | 2362907 | T: titaniumccastd |
| 2685595 | 2698040 | 2710239 | T: C:ledakemcpa14 |
| 2804672 | 2808182 | 2820605 | T: titaniumccamed |
| 2846593 | 2850684 | 2860540 | T: ntskem13136 |
| 3099691 | 3107732 | 3121229 | T: titaniumccahi |
| 3818163 | 3831849 | 3844103 | T: limasp1306cca |
| 4036230 | 4049086 | 4066004 | T: limasp1822cca |
| 4538019 | 4548485 | 4556007 | T: titaniumccasuper |
| 5465681 | 5480115 | 5496175 | T: C:bikel1 |
| 6303585 | 6316297 | 6773879 | T: C:ledakemcpa32 |
| 6308869 | 6323021 | 6379895 | T: ledakem1264 |
| 6394307 | 6408175 | 6422152 | T: ledakem1364 |
| 7397542 | 7409871 | 7429849 | T: ledakem12sl |
| 7570367 | 7598542 | 7988270 | T: ledakem1464 |
| 7723239 | 7734504 | 7761563 | T: limasp2062cca |
| 7779209 | 7817042 | 7829125 | T: C:ledakemcpa33 |
| 8721424 | 8733579 | 8816851 | T: ledakem13sl |
| 8750362 | 8810556 | 8847937 | T: ledakem14sl |
| 7436413? | 9314274? | 9325868? | T: C:ledakemcpa34 |
| 11170725 | 11182213 | 11749291 | T: frodokem640shake |
| 14885307 | 14900733 | 15402512 | T: C:ledakemcpa52 |
| 17536514 | 17563163 | 17576779 | T: C:ledakemcpa53 |
| 17498851 | 17591859 | 18011223 | T: ledakem3264 |
| 17715891 | 17757763 | 17852770 | T: C:bikel3 |
| 17834397 | 17859600 | 18465247 | T: ledakem3364 |
| 19929660 | 19960310 | 20021942 | T: ledakem3464 |
| 20757623 | 20869975 | 20978129 | T: C:ledakemcpa54 |
| 21574235 | 21727470 | 21789842 | T: ledakem32sl |
| 25553799 | 25584297 | 26708629 | T: ledakem33sl |
| 26350263 | 26369776 | 27191011 | T: ledakem34sl |
| 26792144 | 26800126 | 26820006 | T: sikep503 |
| 28543492 | 28550890 | 28563452 | T: sikep503comp |
| 33675997 | 33904025 | 34057674 | T: ledakem5264 |
| 37094628 | 37788410 | 38228984 | T: ramstakers216091 |
| 38797862 | 38833946 | 38874274 | T: ledakem5364 |
| 44817471 | 44846475 | 44925821 | T: frodokem1344shake |
| 46649249 | 46843276 | 47546010 | T: ledakem5464 |
| 48128708 | 48235373 | 48284366 | T: ledakem52sl |
| 50546670 | 50619981 | 50793244 | T: ledakem53sl |
| 59280206 | 59329199 | 59419519 | T: ledakem54sl |
| 90878391 | 90924748 | 91018386 | T: sikep751comp |
| 117174728 | 117221225 | 117328827 | T: sikep434 |
| 124551976 | 124601603 | 124637113 | T: sikep434comp |
| 145830682 | 147615338 | 150274246 | T: ramstakers756839 |
| 359179122 | 359277872 | 359370694 | T: sikep610 |
| 380133058 | 380196996 | 380268194 | T: sikep610comp |
| -12426665537 | 7638504500 | 7650230713 | T: sikep751 |
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