VAMPIRE	eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems	ECRYPT II

Measurements of hash functions on one machine: amd64; Zen 5 (b00f21); 2024 AMD EPYC 9555; 64 x 3200MHz; tripwire, supercop-20261004

[Page version: 20261024 12:40:03]

eBASH (ECRYPT Benchmarking of All Submitted Hashes) is a project to measure the performance of hash functions. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBASH:

• Speed (cycles/byte) of hashing an 8-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 64-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 576-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 1536-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 4096-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a long message.

Graphs show timings for all message lengths between 0 and 4096 bytes. The stair-step shape of a typical curve on the graphs reflects the fact that these hash functions handle messages in blocks, such as 64-byte blocks.

Long-message speed is computed as 1/2048 of the difference in cycle counts between hashing 4096-byte messages and hashing 2048-byte messages, or (starting with supercop-20200409) 1/16384 of the difference in cycle counts between hashing 18208-byte messages and hashing 1824-byte messages. Slightly different computations are used for some hash functions with non-power-of-2 block sizes.

There is a separate page with more information about each hash function and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new hash functions and new implementations should read the call for submissions.

Test results

Graphs: (bytes,cycles)

NISTLWC graphs: (bytes,cycles)

Cycles/byte for long messages 25% 50% 75% hash 0.13 0.14 0.14 komihash 0.32 0.32 0.32 prh42s256 0.32 0.32 0.32 prh42s512 0.32 0.32 0.33 prh42s1024 0.38 0.38 0.39 prh64s256 0.38 0.38 0.38 prh64s1024 0.38 0.38 0.39 prh64s512 0.48 0.48 0.49 T:blake3 0.68 0.69 0.69 T:bebb4185 1.28 1.28 1.28 T:edonr512 1.83 1.83 1.84 T:bmw512 1.92 1.93 1.93 sha1 1.96 1.96 1.96 T:echo256 2.03 2.03 2.03 sha256 2.03 2.03 2.03 sha224 2.18 2.19 2.20 lsh512 2.33 2.33 2.33 T:keccakc256treed2 2.42 2.42 2.43 T:edonr256 2.71 2.72 2.72 T:k12 2.78 2.78 2.79 T:md4 2.80 2.80 2.81 T:blake2b 2.85 2.86 2.86 T:keccakc512treed2 3.40 3.41 3.41 T:cubehash832 3.49 3.49 3.50 sha512 3.49 3.49 3.50 sha384 3.65 3.66 3.66 T:skein512512 3.65 3.66 3.66 T:skein512256 3.69 3.69 3.70 T:bmw256 3.91 3.92 3.94 T:blake64 4.28 4.29 4.30 blake512 4.34 4.38 4.46 lsh256 4.38 4.39 4.40 T:sarmal256 4.39 4.40 4.40 T:cheetah256 4.52 4.52 4.52 md5 4.57 4.57 4.57 T:beamsplitter 4.64 4.66 4.68 T:shabal256 4.70 4.70 4.71 T:blake2s 4.68 4.76 4.80 T:shabal512 4.99 5.00 5.00 T:keccakc256 5.10 5.12 5.13 shake128 5.21 5.21 5.22 T:skein256256 5.35 5.35 5.36 T:tiger 5.38 5.39 5.40 T:blake32 5.40 5.41 5.42 T:sarmal512 5.47 5.47 5.48 T:skein10241024 5.80 5.81 5.82 T:keccakc448 5.96 5.97 5.97 T:groestl256 5.98 5.98 5.99 T:bash256 6.11 6.11 6.12 T:keccakc512 6.25 6.26 6.27 T:simd512 6.25 6.26 6.27 T:cheetah512 6.26 6.27 6.29 shake256 6.41 6.42 6.45 T:cubehash1632 6.40 6.42 6.46 T:cubehash512 6.45 6.46 6.46 sha3256 6.50 6.51 6.52 T:keccak 6.62 6.63 6.64 T:cubehash816 6.92 6.93 6.93 T:fugue2 7.08 7.09 7.10 T:bblake256 7.13 7.14 7.14 blake256 7.36 7.40 7.41 T:rfsb509 7.95 7.95 7.96 T:bash384 8.03 8.03 8.04 T:keccakc768 8.17 8.17 8.18 T:groestl512 8.22 8.42 8.47 sha3224 9.19 9.20 9.20 asconhashav12 9.19 9.20 9.21 asconxofav12 9.55 9.56 9.56 T:shavite3256 9.82 9.83 9.84 T:luffa256 10.25 10.30 10.36 T:luffa384 11.51 11.52 11.53 T:keccakc1024 11.58 11.58 11.58 T:ripemd160 11.63 11.63 11.65 sha3384 11.82 11.84 11.85 T:fugue256 11.97 11.98 11.99 T:bash512 11.98 12.01 12.03 T:lane256 12.91 12.94 13.04 T:jh256 12.93 13.01 13.05 T:jh512 12.94 13.02 13.03 T:jh384 12.93 13.02 13.06 T:jh224 13.19 13.20 13.22 T:whirlpool 13.22 13.23 13.24 T:cubehash1616 13.22 13.24 13.25 T:cubehash88 13.72 13.73 13.73 T:nasha512 13.77 13.78 13.78 asconhashv12 13.77 13.78 13.79 asconxofv12 14.21 14.22 14.28 T:nasha256 14.73 14.74 14.75 T:xoodyakv1 15.73 15.75 15.92 T:echosp256 16.06 16.08 16.10 T:round3jh256 16.15 16.17 16.19 T:round3jh512 16.68 16.72 16.74 sha3512 17.09 17.11 17.13 T:gimli24v1 18.01 18.02 18.03 T:md6d224 18.77 18.80 19.25 T:simd256 19.06 19.06 19.06 T:floppsy 19.12 19.17 19.18 T:shamashashv1 19.27 19.28 19.29 T:luffa512 19.10 19.33 19.44 T:shavite3512 19.45 19.46 19.47 T:md6d256 20.53 20.53 20.55 asconhashabi32v12 21.96 22.11 22.27 T:fsb256 22.47 22.48 22.57 T:mgrostl256 22.58 22.69 22.84 T:echosp512 25.37 25.39 25.41 T:md6d384 26.43 26.44 26.45 T:cubehash168 26.43 26.45 26.46 T:echo512 26.58 26.60 26.62 T:cubehash84 26.70 26.73 26.95 T:lane512 26.74 26.75 26.78 T:hamsi 26.68 26.75 26.85 T:fugue384 27.11 27.31 27.74 T:atelopus64 27.59 27.61 27.64 T:esch256v2 27.58 27.61 27.80 T:fugue512 27.69 27.70 27.85 T:esch256v1 27.81 27.93 28.12 T:atelopus32 29.74 29.75 29.75 T:essence384 29.74 29.75 29.76 T:essence512 30.01 30.02 30.03 asconhashbi32v12 31.09 31.13 31.17 T:mcssha4 31.09 31.14 31.16 T:mcssha6 31.09 31.17 31.19 T:mcssha5 32.97 32.97 32.98 T:sneikha256 34.78 34.79 34.81 T:saturninhashv2 40.67 40.76 40.99 T:esch384v2 41.06 41.08 41.22 T:esch384v1 42.86 42.93 43.03 T:essence256 42.91 42.94 42.96 T:essence224 45.47 45.48 45.49 T:coral256v1 46.97 47.00 47.02 T:drygascon256 47.70 47.74 47.92 T:drygascon128 51.35 51.37 51.38 T:knot256v2 52.95 52.97 53.05 T:cubehash164 53.63? 54.22? 60.22? T:romulush 54.44 54.48 54.56 T:cubehash82 65.94 65.95 65.95 T:sneikha384 72.40 72.42 72.57 T:triadhashv1 102.00 102.01 102.02 T:knot256v1 108.16 108.27 108.37 T:cubehash162 108.87 108.90 108.95 T:cubehash81 142.07? 165.02? 175.47? T:fsb512 172.38 172.49 172.50 T:clxhash 189.16 189.28 189.44 T:knot384 190.69 190.81 190.94 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 208.24 208.41 208.56 T:knot512 216.41 216.61 216.77 T:cubehash161 311.21 312.08 314.18 T:syconhash256v1 554.54 554.74 555.07 T:subterraneanv1 636.63 638.86 639.99 T:acehash256v1 795.16 796.46 800.26 T:heron256v1 1067.03 1067.53 1068.09 T:skinnyhashtk3 1075.43 1075.87 1077.05 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 2062.85 2062.97 2063.22 T:gage1h256c256r128 2151.85 2152.06 2152.25 T:skinnyhashtk2 2697.50 2698.98 2699.10 T:orangishv1 3083.95 3084.23 3084.61 T:gage1h256c224r064 3310.43 3311.18 3311.53 T:gage1h256c224r032 3397.00 3398.02 3405.73 T:gage1h256c256r064 6078.81 6079.04 6079.22 T:gage1h256c512r064 6124.95 6125.14 6127.64 T:gage1h256c256r032 10089.13 10090.02 10091.31 T:gage1h256c224r016 11398.30 11401.15 11402.38 T:gage1h256c512r032 11514.33 11514.73 11515.15 T:gage1h256c256r016 19531.70 19547.05 19548.20 T:gage1h256c224r008 20698.45 20740.22 20828.51 T:sivtemphotonhashv1

Cycles/byte for 4096 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.14 0.14 0.15 komihash 0.39 0.39 0.40 prh42s256 0.41 0.42 0.42 prh42s512 0.47 0.47 0.48 prh64s256 0.48 0.48 0.49 prh42s1024 0.51 0.52 0.53 prh64s512 0.61 0.62 0.63 prh64s1024 0.74 0.75 0.75 T:bebb4185 1.34 1.34 1.35 T:edonr512 1.49 1.49 1.49 T:blake3 1.97 1.99 2.13 T:bmw512 2.06 2.06 2.06 T:echo256 2.07 2.07 2.07 sha256 2.15 2.15 2.16 sha1 2.26 2.27 2.28 sha224 2.32 2.33 2.34 lsh512 2.49 2.50 2.51 T:edonr256 2.69 2.70 2.70 T:keccakc256treed2 2.76 2.76 2.77 T:k12 2.85 2.85 2.85 T:md4 2.89 2.89 2.91 T:blake2b 3.26 3.26 3.27 T:keccakc512treed2 3.73 3.74 3.75 T:cubehash832 3.73 3.74 3.75 T:skein512256 3.75 3.76 3.77 T:skein512512 3.83 3.83 3.84 T:bmw256 3.85 3.86 3.87 sha384 3.87 3.87 3.88 sha512 4.07 4.10 4.15 T:blake64 4.51 4.53 4.54 lsh256 4.55 4.56 4.57 T:sarmal256 4.54 4.61 4.62 blake512 4.61 4.61 4.61 md5 4.74 4.75 4.76 T:blake2s 4.83 4.83 4.84 T:beamsplitter 4.83 4.84 4.85 T:cheetah256 4.96 4.98 5.01 T:shabal256 5.00 5.07 5.11 T:shabal512 5.14 5.15 5.16 T:keccakc256 5.27 5.27 5.28 T:skein256256 5.25 5.27 5.29 shake128 5.48 5.48 5.49 T:tiger 5.50 5.51 5.52 T:blake32 5.60 5.61 5.62 T:sarmal512 5.68 5.69 5.70 T:skein10241024 5.95 5.95 5.96 T:keccakc448 6.18 6.19 6.19 T:bash256 6.19 6.20 6.21 T:groestl256 6.35 6.36 6.37 T:keccakc512 6.47 6.49 6.50 T:simd512 6.51 6.53 6.55 shake256 6.65 6.68 6.98 T:cubehash512 6.68 6.69 6.71 sha3256 6.74 6.75 6.76 T:keccak 6.94 6.95 6.96 T:cheetah512 6.95 6.96 6.97 T:cubehash816 7.05 7.10 7.41 T:cubehash1632 7.35 7.36 7.37 blake256 7.52 7.52 7.54 T:rfsb509 7.78 7.79 7.81 T:fugue2 8.03 8.05 8.06 T:bblake256 8.05 8.06 8.07 T:bash384 8.16 8.18 8.19 T:keccakc768 8.47 8.60 8.64 sha3224 8.61 8.62 8.63 T:groestl512 9.30 9.30 9.31 asconxofav12 9.30 9.31 9.31 asconhashav12 9.71 9.72 9.73 T:shavite3256 9.98 9.99 10.01 T:luffa256 10.51 10.55 10.61 T:luffa384 11.59 11.61 11.62 T:keccakc1024 11.77 11.79 11.82 sha3384 11.79 11.79 11.79 T:ripemd160 12.17 12.18 12.19 T:bash512 12.54 12.55 12.57 T:fugue256 12.59 12.60 12.68 T:lane256 13.14 13.16 13.25 T:jh256 13.16 13.21 13.24 T:jh384 13.14 13.22 13.25 T:jh512 13.16 13.23 13.26 T:jh224 13.46 13.46 13.47 T:whirlpool 13.54 13.57 13.59 T:cubehash88 13.82 13.84 13.86 T:cubehash1616 13.89 13.90 13.92 asconhashv12 13.90 13.91 13.92 asconxofv12 14.20 14.21 14.22 T:nasha512 14.47 14.49 14.53 T:nasha256 14.82 14.83 14.84 T:xoodyakv1 16.31 16.33 16.36 T:round3jh256 16.39 16.41 16.44 T:round3jh512 16.45 16.46 16.59 T:echosp256 16.78 16.81 16.86 sha3512 17.21 17.23 17.24 T:gimli24v1 18.08 18.10 18.12 T:md6d224 19.07 19.08 19.08 T:floppsy 19.33 19.38 19.40 T:shamashashv1 19.24 19.43 19.84 T:simd256 19.55 19.57 19.59 T:md6d256 19.73 19.74 19.76 T:luffa512 19.77 19.93 20.03 T:shavite3512 20.78 20.79 20.81 asconhashabi32v12 21.77 21.98 22.16 T:fsb256 23.48 23.53 23.73 T:echosp512 23.59 23.61 23.65 T:mgrostl256 25.50 25.53 25.55 T:md6d384 26.85 26.87 26.89 T:hamsi 26.90 26.92 26.95 T:cubehash84 27.03 27.04 27.06 T:cubehash168 27.34 27.36 27.37 T:echo512 27.45 27.50 27.58 T:fugue384 27.80 27.81 28.00 T:esch256v2 27.87 27.89 27.90 T:esch256v1 28.17 28.30 28.44 T:atelopus64 28.43 28.44 28.65 T:lane512 28.44 28.57 28.69 T:atelopus32 28.93 28.98 29.13 T:fugue512 30.29 30.31 30.33 asconhashbi32v12 30.74 30.74 30.75 T:essence384 30.75 30.75 30.76 T:essence512 31.68 31.71 31.72 T:mcssha4 31.69 31.72 31.75 T:mcssha6 32.05 32.11 32.14 T:mcssha5 33.23 33.24 33.24 T:sneikha256 35.06 35.08 35.10 T:saturninhashv2 41.16 41.20 41.39 T:esch384v2 41.52 41.54 41.56 T:esch384v1 43.57 43.63 43.75 T:essence256 43.62 43.67 43.71 T:essence224 45.85 45.86 45.88 T:coral256v1 47.29 47.32 47.34 T:drygascon256 47.85 47.85 47.86 T:drygascon128 51.76 51.78 51.81 T:knot256v2 53.55 53.62 53.68 T:cubehash164 54.79 54.82 54.87 T:cubehash82 55.24 55.43 60.23 T:romulush 66.72 66.72 66.73 T:sneikha384 72.61 72.75 72.91 T:triadhashv1 102.22 102.22 102.23 T:knot256v1 108.82 108.89 108.98 T:cubehash162 109.19 109.22 109.26 T:cubehash81 172.63 172.73 172.75 T:clxhash 189.78 189.84 189.93 T:knot384 190.35 190.52 190.64 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 209.32 209.39 209.46 T:knot512 216.95 217.16 217.31 T:cubehash161 314.45 314.84 316.90 T:syconhash256v1 555.79 555.94 556.35 T:subterraneanv1 643.10 644.94 645.85 T:acehash256v1 808.03 809.06 812.23 T:heron256v1 1070.81 1071.29 1072.48 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1075.43 1075.82 1076.29 T:skinnyhashtk3 2087.07 2087.17 2087.30 T:gage1h256c256r128 2156.26 2156.47 2156.66 T:skinnyhashtk2 2720.08 2720.24 2720.60 T:orangishv1 3114.18 3114.66 3120.28 T:gage1h256c224r064 3339.36 3339.60 3339.94 T:gage1h256c224r032 3431.15 3431.58 3431.73 T:gage1h256c256r064 5008.02 5026.89 5045.98 T:fsb512 6137.83 6138.13 6138.33 T:gage1h256c512r064 6179.00 6179.73 6193.65 T:gage1h256c256r032 10173.14 10173.83 10174.37 T:gage1h256c224r016 11501.01 11501.67 11504.62 T:gage1h256c512r032 11609.77 11610.15 11610.74 T:gage1h256c256r016 19690.81 19704.43 19708.54 T:gage1h256c224r008 20687.41 20720.52 20797.86 T:sivtemphotonhashv1

Cycles/byte for 1536 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.16 0.16 0.17 komihash 0.49 0.50 0.50 prh42s256 0.57 0.58 0.60 prh42s512 0.60 0.60 0.63 prh64s256 0.72 0.73 0.78 prh64s512 0.74 0.74 0.75 prh42s1024 0.82 0.83 0.86 T:bebb4185 0.98 0.99 1.03 prh64s1024 1.43 1.44 1.45 T:edonr512 2.13 2.13 2.13 sha256 2.21 2.27 2.40 T:bmw512 2.30 2.31 2.32 T:echo256 2.52 2.53 2.54 sha1 2.55 2.56 2.57 lsh512 2.59 2.61 2.63 T:edonr256 2.66 2.67 2.68 sha224 2.96 2.96 2.96 T:md4 2.97 2.99 3.01 T:k12 3.02 3.03 3.04 T:blake2b 3.11 3.12 3.13 T:keccakc256treed2 3.61 3.63 3.64 T:keccakc512treed2 3.87 3.88 3.90 T:skein512256 3.91 3.92 3.95 T:skein512512 4.07 4.07 4.09 T:bmw256 4.10 4.13 4.28 T:cubehash832 4.32 4.37 4.48 T:blake64 4.40 4.42 4.44 sha384 4.44 4.46 4.48 sha512 4.76 4.76 4.76 md5 4.74 4.77 4.79 lsh256 4.80 4.82 4.85 T:blake2s 4.80 4.82 4.84 T:sarmal256 4.88 5.10 5.13 blake512 5.26 5.27 5.27 T:beamsplitter 5.37 5.38 5.38 T:skein256256 5.47 5.47 5.48 T:blake3 5.46 5.50 5.55 T:shabal256 5.52 5.54 5.57 T:keccakc256 5.49 5.54 5.60 T:shabal512 5.56 5.58 5.59 T:cheetah256 5.69 5.70 5.72 T:tiger 5.69 5.71 5.73 T:blake32 5.68 5.71 5.76 shake128 5.92 5.94 5.96 T:sarmal512 6.02 6.03 6.07 T:skein10241024 6.07 6.09 6.11 T:keccakc448 6.51 6.53 6.54 T:bash256 6.55 6.57 6.59 T:groestl256 6.59 6.62 6.63 T:keccakc512 6.78 6.81 6.87 shake256 6.86 6.87 6.89 T:simd512 6.93 6.96 6.99 sha3256 7.13 7.15 7.17 T:keccak 6.99 7.28 7.34 T:cubehash512 7.50 7.53 7.55 T:cubehash816 7.56 7.68 7.75 blake256 7.73 7.76 7.80 T:rfsb509 8.09 8.11 8.13 T:cheetah512 8.22 8.24 8.26 T:keccakc768 8.11 8.43 8.46 T:cubehash1632 8.50 8.52 8.53 T:bash384 8.47 8.72 8.79 sha3224 9.19 9.21 9.23 T:fugue2 9.33 9.35 9.38 T:groestl512 9.46 9.48 9.49 asconxofav12 9.46 9.48 9.49 asconhashav12 9.62 9.66 9.69 T:bblake256 9.99 10.01 10.03 T:shavite3256 10.25 10.27 10.29 T:luffa256 10.93 10.97 11.03 T:luffa384 11.81 11.83 11.84 sha3384 12.00 12.03 12.06 T:keccakc1024 12.14 12.15 12.15 T:ripemd160 12.49 12.51 12.53 T:bash512 13.46 13.48 13.58 T:jh256 13.51 13.57 13.61 T:jh384 13.50 13.58 13.62 T:jh224 13.49 13.58 13.62 T:jh512 13.69 13.71 13.74 T:fugue256 13.71 13.87 13.99 T:lane256 13.89 13.90 13.92 T:whirlpool 14.10 14.11 14.13 asconhashv12 14.08 14.11 14.13 T:cubehash88 14.11 14.12 14.14 asconxofv12 14.85 14.87 14.91 T:cubehash1616 14.92 14.94 14.98 T:nasha256 14.94 14.97 15.01 T:xoodyakv1 15.00 15.01 15.04 T:nasha512 16.36 16.45 16.48 T:echosp256 16.71 16.74 16.78 T:round3jh256 16.80 16.84 16.88 T:round3jh512 17.33 17.33 17.35 sha3512 17.42 17.44 17.45 T:gimli24v1 17.67 17.69 17.74 T:md6d224 19.09 19.10 19.10 T:floppsy 19.10 19.12 19.16 T:md6d256 19.71 19.73 19.76 T:shamashashv1 19.69 20.11 20.47 T:simd256 20.50 20.53 20.57 T:luffa512 20.56 20.69 20.88 T:fsb256 20.76 20.80 20.91 T:shavite3512 21.19 21.22 21.25 asconhashabi32v12 24.91 24.93 24.97 T:md6d384 25.45 25.48 25.50 T:mgrostl256 25.80 25.85 26.06 T:echosp512 27.02 27.05 27.08 T:hamsi 27.43 27.49 27.54 T:cubehash84 28.06 28.10 28.13 T:cubehash168 28.11 28.13 28.15 T:esch256v2 28.21 28.24 28.33 T:esch256v1 28.72 28.76 28.83 T:fugue384 28.82 28.86 28.89 T:echo512 29.87 30.14 30.38 T:atelopus64 30.13 30.48 30.81 T:atelopus32 30.76 30.79 30.83 asconhashbi32v12 31.17 31.22 31.40 T:fugue512 31.31 31.31 31.50 T:lane512 32.38 32.39 32.41 T:essence384 32.41 32.42 32.43 T:essence512 32.65 32.67 32.69 T:mcssha4 32.64 32.68 32.71 T:mcssha6 33.66 33.67 33.68 T:sneikha256 33.70 33.73 34.02 T:mcssha5 35.54 35.57 35.61 T:saturninhashv2 41.83 41.87 42.21 T:esch384v2 42.28 42.32 42.55 T:esch384v1 44.77 44.83 44.93 T:essence256 44.78 44.84 44.89 T:essence224 46.44 46.48 46.54 T:coral256v1 47.76 47.81 47.88 T:drygascon256 48.11 48.32 48.40 T:drygascon128 52.42 52.47 52.52 T:knot256v2 54.58 54.66 54.75 T:cubehash164 55.27 55.33 55.38 T:cubehash82 55.56 55.83 60.96 T:romulush 68.01 68.02 68.03 T:sneikha384 72.97 73.02 73.11 T:triadhashv1 102.57 102.58 102.59 T:knot256v1 109.77 109.82 109.87 T:cubehash81 109.86 109.94 110.05 T:cubehash162 172.99 173.11 173.15 T:clxhash 189.99 190.13 190.29 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 190.85 190.93 191.04 T:knot384 210.65 210.70 210.77 T:knot512 218.06 218.13 218.27 T:cubehash161 319.77 320.47 321.94 T:syconhash256v1 557.86 558.12 558.52 T:subterraneanv1 653.58 655.15 655.86 T:acehash256v1 830.57 832.86 833.97 T:heron256v1 1067.58 1068.66 1069.69 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1086.15 1089.26 1089.84 T:skinnyhashtk3 2127.31 2127.54 2127.79 T:gage1h256c256r128 2163.01 2163.41 2163.92 T:skinnyhashtk2 2755.14 2755.55 2770.06 T:orangishv1 3164.10 3164.40 3164.75 T:gage1h256c224r064 3387.85 3388.20 3388.71 T:gage1h256c224r032 3487.68 3488.50 3494.89 T:gage1h256c256r064 6236.88 6237.26 6237.54 T:gage1h256c512r064 6268.49 6268.82 6269.38 T:gage1h256c256r032 10307.70 10312.69 10313.40 T:gage1h256c224r016 11667.68 11668.34 11669.27 T:gage1h256c512r032 11768.47 11769.52 11770.25 T:gage1h256c256r016 13060.43 13119.15 13191.42 T:fsb512 19964.35 19965.46 19967.27 T:gage1h256c224r008 20719.89 20754.43 20900.44 T:sivtemphotonhashv1

Cycles/byte for 576 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.20 0.20 0.20 komihash 0.77 0.78 0.79 prh42s256 0.95 0.96 0.99 prh64s256 0.99 1.00 1.01 prh42s512 1.03 1.04 1.07 T:bebb4185 1.29 1.30 1.31 prh64s512 1.43 1.44 1.46 prh42s1024 1.52 1.53 1.58 T:edonr512 1.99 2.00 2.03 prh64s1024 2.29 2.29 2.30 sha256 2.64 2.66 2.70 T:bmw512 2.84 2.85 2.90 T:echo256 2.91 2.92 2.94 lsh512 2.91 2.93 2.96 T:edonr256 3.25 3.25 3.25 T:md4 3.31 3.33 3.37 T:k12 3.52 3.53 3.54 sha1 3.66 3.70 3.75 sha224 3.71 3.72 3.75 T:blake2b 4.23 4.26 4.27 T:keccakc256treed2 4.23 4.26 4.30 T:skein512256 4.35 4.37 4.42 T:skein512512 4.71 4.73 4.77 T:bmw256 4.65 4.85 4.95 T:blake64 4.84 4.89 4.93 lsh256 4.97 5.02 5.06 T:sarmal256 4.99 5.02 5.31 blake512 4.98 5.07 5.12 T:blake2s 5.16 5.16 5.16 md5 5.25 5.25 5.26 T:blake3 5.52 5.56 5.59 T:cubehash832 5.56 5.58 5.61 T:keccakc512treed2 5.51 5.58 5.63 sha384 5.64 5.65 5.67 T:skein256256 5.67 5.72 5.74 sha512 6.06 6.09 6.12 T:keccakc256 6.09 6.14 6.20 T:sarmal512 6.18 6.21 6.24 T:blake32 6.16 6.21 6.23 T:tiger 6.14 6.22 6.29 shake128 6.37 6.40 6.44 T:beamsplitter 6.73 6.76 6.78 T:bash256 6.81 6.90 6.99 T:shabal256 6.86 6.97 7.06 T:shabal512 7.21 7.23 7.27 T:cheetah256 7.46 7.51 7.55 T:keccak 7.48 7.51 7.56 T:keccakc512 7.49 7.55 7.64 T:keccakc448 7.55 7.58 7.61 T:groestl256 7.57 7.61 7.68 T:skein10241024 7.60 7.67 7.75 shake256 7.81 7.84 7.93 sha3256 8.15 8.18 8.21 T:cubehash512 8.39 8.43 8.46 T:rfsb509 8.23 8.53 8.93 blake256 8.61 8.63 8.67 T:simd512 8.90 8.94 9.00 T:keccakc768 8.97 9.00 9.05 T:cubehash816 9.39 9.42 9.46 T:bash384 9.85 9.88 9.92 asconhashav12 9.87 9.89 9.92 asconxofav12 10.04 10.13 10.33 sha3224 10.52 10.57 10.61 T:groestl512 10.67 10.71 10.75 T:shavite3256 10.73 10.76 10.80 T:cheetah512 10.98 11.02 11.05 T:luffa256 10.92 11.16 11.23 T:cubehash1632 12.03 12.07 12.14 T:luffa384 12.70 12.71 12.72 sha3384 12.97 13.01 13.05 T:fugue2 13.08 13.09 13.10 T:ripemd160 13.17 13.22 13.28 T:keccakc1024 13.38 13.40 13.44 T:bash512 13.92 13.99 14.21 T:bblake256 14.37 14.42 14.53 T:jh256 14.45 14.52 14.56 T:jh384 14.43 14.52 14.58 T:jh224 14.42 14.54 14.60 T:jh512 14.61 14.64 14.67 asconhashv12 14.61 14.65 14.69 asconxofv12 15.05 15.08 15.13 T:whirlpool 15.29 15.33 15.40 T:xoodyakv1 15.51 15.54 15.59 T:cubehash88 15.59 15.61 15.65 T:nasha512 16.07 16.10 16.18 T:nasha256 16.69 16.73 16.86 T:lane256 16.81 16.85 16.89 T:fugue256 17.57 17.71 17.81 T:cubehash1616 17.80 17.86 17.91 T:round3jh256 17.90 17.96 18.00 T:round3jh512 17.99 18.01 18.02 T:gimli24v1 18.31 18.45 19.00 sha3512 19.15 19.16 19.17 T:floppsy 19.09 19.35 19.40 T:echosp256 20.57 20.64 20.71 T:shamashashv1 21.33 21.41 21.51 T:shavite3512 21.27 21.78 21.90 T:simd256 22.25 22.30 22.36 asconhashabi32v12 22.55 22.59 22.66 T:luffa512 26.93 27.03 27.19 T:fsb256 27.46 27.50 27.55 T:hamsi 27.87 27.92 27.97 T:mgrostl256 28.85 28.93 29.02 T:cubehash84 28.97 29.00 29.08 T:esch256v2 29.08 29.11 29.14 T:esch256v1 29.80 29.86 29.94 T:echo512 30.79 30.89 30.95 T:cubehash168 31.10 31.32 31.48 T:echosp512 31.99 32.06 32.11 asconhashbi32v12 32.05 32.09 32.17 T:fugue384 34.82 34.84 34.85 T:sneikha256 35.18 35.21 35.23 T:mcssha4 35.22 35.25 35.27 T:mcssha6 35.50 35.55 35.61 T:md6d224 36.78 36.79 36.83 T:essence384 36.77 36.82 36.87 T:saturninhashv2 36.85 36.88 36.89 T:essence512 37.16 37.22 37.32 T:fugue512 37.01 37.28 37.69 T:atelopus32 37.95 38.02 38.37 T:mcssha5 38.49 38.52 38.59 T:md6d256 41.94 41.98 42.03 T:lane512 43.84 43.91 44.13 T:esch384v2 44.22 44.26 44.31 T:esch384v1 43.46 44.91 45.50 T:atelopus64 47.94 48.02 48.11 T:essence224 47.97 48.04 48.13 T:essence256 48.10 48.15 48.20 T:coral256v1 48.58 48.80 48.83 T:drygascon128 49.10 49.16 49.25 T:drygascon256 50.09 50.17 50.22 T:md6d384 54.26 54.34 54.41 T:knot256v2 56.77 56.84 56.91 T:cubehash82 57.29 57.42 57.56 T:cubehash164 57.92 58.14 63.26 T:romulush 71.44 71.47 71.50 T:sneikha384 73.55 73.61 73.69 T:triadhashv1 103.51 103.53 103.56 T:knot256v1 111.10 111.27 111.40 T:cubehash81 112.55 112.68 112.80 T:cubehash162 174.15 174.23 174.28 T:clxhash 188.35 188.50 188.69 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 193.37 193.53 193.71 T:knot384 214.31 214.43 214.58 T:knot512 220.91 221.09 221.31 T:cubehash161 333.31 333.77 336.33 T:syconhash256v1 563.73 564.03 566.98 T:subterraneanv1 681.04 682.62 683.62 T:acehash256v1 885.29 890.20 895.07 T:heron256v1 1061.57 1062.79 1065.03 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1123.43 1126.49 1127.85 T:skinnyhashtk3 2181.72 2181.92 2182.30 T:skinnyhashtk2 2234.99 2235.31 2235.77 T:gage1h256c256r128 2848.56 2849.11 2863.72 T:orangishv1 3297.89 3298.82 3299.54 T:gage1h256c224r064 3517.68 3518.41 3526.62 T:gage1h256c224r032 3636.18 3637.19 3638.04 T:gage1h256c256r064 6500.23 6500.90 6501.92 T:gage1h256c512r064 6507.00 6507.66 6508.11 T:gage1h256c256r032 10685.32 10686.60 10687.71 T:gage1h256c224r016 12113.91 12116.23 12247.22 T:gage1h256c512r032 12192.89 12194.31 12195.13 T:gage1h256c256r016 20642.82 20659.67 20913.64 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 20663.24 20666.90 20694.35 T:gage1h256c224r008 34570.34 34743.17 34908.37 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 64 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.81 0.81 0.84 komihash 3.56 3.63 3.72 T:bebb4185 3.64 3.68 3.75 T:edonr512 3.84 3.88 3.94 T:blake3 4.33 4.38 4.42 sha256 4.44 4.48 4.55 prh42s256 5.28 5.34 5.38 T:blake2s 5.61 5.69 5.95 prh64s256 6.00 6.06 6.51 T:blake2b 6.34 6.45 6.58 prh42s512 6.24 6.63 6.92 T:edonr256 6.97 6.99 7.02 T:md4 7.26 7.33 7.38 T:echo256 8.58 8.65 8.74 T:skein512256 8.68 8.78 8.90 T:k12 8.71 8.78 8.90 T:bmw512 9.10 9.16 9.23 T:skein256256 9.20 9.26 9.40 lsh256 9.24 9.31 9.51 prh64s512 9.58 9.67 9.81 T:skein512512 9.60 9.71 10.27 T:sarmal256 9.67? 9.76? 11.96? blake512 9.68 9.76 9.86 lsh512 10.29 10.31 10.35 md5 10.24 10.32 10.67 T:cheetah256 10.37 10.44 10.57 prh42s1024 9.73? 10.86? 12.56? T:blake64 11.53 11.69 11.96 T:sarmal512 12.40 12.54 12.90 T:bmw256 12.55 12.62 12.69 T:blake32 12.72 12.80 12.91 T:bash384 12.66 12.80 12.90 T:bash256 12.79 12.88 13.09 T:tiger 13.12 13.16 13.21 T:beamsplitter 14.50 14.62 14.87 T:keccakc1024 14.48 14.64 15.89 T:keccak 14.61 14.76 15.72 T:keccakc512 14.63 14.80 15.17 T:keccakc768 14.62 14.82 15.33 T:keccakc448 14.79 14.84 14.92 T:rfsb509 14.73 14.92 15.12 T:keccakc256 14.83 14.93 15.05 asconhashav12 14.83 14.94 15.02 sha3256 14.93 15.00 15.09 asconxofav12 15.28 15.39 15.52 shake256 15.27 15.42 15.70 shake128 16.28 16.37 16.53 sha1 16.60 16.71 16.93 prh64s1024 16.69 16.99 17.23 sha224 15.32? 17.20? 19.16? sha3384 16.01? 17.28? 20.91? blake256 18.64 18.80 19.06 T:cubehash512 19.25 19.34 19.62 T:xoodyakv1 19.51 19.59 19.63 sha3512 18.77 19.64 20.12 sha3224 19.79 19.88 20.00 T:shavite3256 19.82 19.93 20.07 T:floppsy 20.17 20.37 20.68 T:groestl256 20.34 20.49 20.64 T:luffa256 21.21 21.28 21.38 asconhashv12 21.19 21.30 21.37 asconxofv12 22.60 22.78 22.94 sha384 23.51 23.76 24.11 sha512 23.75 24.10 24.53 T:cubehash832 23.92 24.29 24.48 T:skein10241024 24.61 24.75 24.98 T:shabal256 24.75 24.80 24.85 T:ripemd160 24.72 24.87 25.07 T:bash512 24.82 24.92 25.09 T:shabal512 25.26 25.33 25.42 T:gimli24v1 25.72 25.85 26.16 T:keccakc256treed2 25.70 25.85 26.05 T:keccakc512treed2 25.93 26.05 26.21 T:luffa384 25.90 26.14 26.76 T:jh256 26.18 26.68 27.04 T:jh512 26.19 26.70 27.02 T:jh224 26.14 26.73 26.99 T:jh384 27.46 27.63 27.90 T:simd512 27.97 28.14 28.38 T:cubehash816 28.60 28.67 28.87 T:whirlpool 28.25 28.89 29.51 T:cheetah512 29.43 29.52 29.81 T:groestl512 29.92 30.04 30.15 T:nasha512 29.98 30.33 30.72 T:shamashashv1 30.56 30.72 30.95 T:nasha256 31.62 31.88 32.07 T:round3jh256 31.78 32.16 32.59 T:round3jh512 32.98 33.17 33.71 T:hamsi 33.45 33.70 33.98 T:cubehash88 36.43 36.80 37.13 asconhashabi32v12 38.91 39.22 39.57 T:shavite3512 38.56 40.33 41.73 T:simd256 40.31 40.55 40.98 T:esch256v2 40.37 40.76 41.54 T:esch256v1 45.08 45.73 46.64 T:cubehash1632 47.69 48.04 48.43 T:cubehash84 47.97 48.28 48.56 asconhashbi32v12 48.51 49.01 53.10 T:lane256 49.10 49.35 49.63 T:luffa512 49.67 49.81 50.17 T:sneikha256 51.84 52.41 53.42 T:cubehash1616 52.08 52.46 52.64 T:fugue256 52.54 52.77 53.12 T:saturninhashv2 54.92 55.06 55.22 T:drygascon128 55.91 56.40 56.82 T:echo512 57.66 58.13 58.48 T:fugue2 58.24 58.54 59.04 T:echosp256 65.30 65.88 66.23 T:cubehash168 65.95 66.22 66.40 T:drygascon256 67.57 67.67 67.76 T:mcssha4 67.76 67.85 68.17 T:mcssha6 67.93 68.52 70.47 T:bblake256 68.86 69.10 69.35 T:coral256v1 69.00 69.23 69.66 T:esch384v2 69.53 69.74 70.06 T:esch384v1 69.59 70.02 70.50 T:mgrostl256 73.29 73.57 73.92 T:echosp512 74.71 74.87 75.06 T:fugue384 75.18 75.57 76.18 T:cubehash82 77.53 77.83 78.23 T:knot256v2 81.71 81.99 82.26 T:triadhashv1 81.55? 82.38? 91.05? T:romulush 87.12 88.11 88.92 T:fsb256 88.34 88.68 89.01 T:essence224 88.70 88.92 89.34 T:essence256 92.45 92.61 93.61 T:mcssha5 92.15 92.67 93.07 T:cubehash164 93.17 93.49 93.58 T:essence384 93.65 93.92 93.99 T:essence512 110.60 110.87 111.25 T:md6d224 111.27 111.87 112.49 T:fugue512 115.26 115.32 115.40 T:sneikha384 115.59 115.75 115.96 T:knot256v1 119.29 119.65 120.09 T:md6d256 120.32 122.21 124.48 T:atelopus32 129.79 130.23 130.76 T:cubehash81 147.02 147.92 148.83 T:cubehash162 154.68 155.00 155.45 T:md6d384 163.00 163.02 163.04 T:lane512 168.75 169.79 170.41 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 177.87 180.91 184.27 T:atelopus64 187.61 187.99 188.44 T:clxhash 212.92 213.47 214.23 T:knot384 255.34 256.26 256.99 T:cubehash161 261.97 262.12 262.64 T:knot512 509.84 512.63 515.90 T:syconhash256v1 638.07 640.62 641.46 T:subterraneanv1 1009.65 1011.27 1012.63 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1036.14 1038.29 1039.21 T:acehash256v1 1597.01 1599.79 1602.72 T:skinnyhashtk3 1591.67 1608.73 1642.37 T:heron256v1 2421.12 2422.01 2422.56 T:skinnyhashtk2 3613.78 3615.18 3621.42 T:gage1h256c256r128 4046.10 4048.41 4068.45 T:orangishv1 5012.42 5013.65 5015.29 T:gage1h256c224r064 5174.03 5175.64 5177.99 T:gage1h256c224r032 5547.08 5549.92 5563.09 T:gage1h256c256r064 9562.75 9565.73 9592.39 T:gage1h256c256r032 9874.01 9875.13 9876.91 T:gage1h256c512r064 15459.88 15465.27 15494.84 T:gage1h256c224r016 15496.06? 16019.69? 17489.89? T:sivtemphotonhashv1 17629.55 17635.19 17666.62 T:gage1h256c256r016 17813.54 17816.88 17819.55 T:gage1h256c512r032 29599.13 29608.29 29667.28 T:gage1h256c224r008 310579.88 312226.78 314343.07 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 8 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 5.25 5.25 5.60 komihash 14.38 14.93 15.56 T:bebb4185 25.71 26.43 26.50 T:floppsy 23.91? 26.55? 27.89? sha256 29.44 29.72 30.02 T:edonr512 30.44 30.81 31.33 T:edonr256 32.08 32.21 32.46 T:md4 32.55 33.32 34.01 prh42s256 41.47 41.99 42.40 prh64s256 42.27 42.88 43.85 T:blake2s 45.17 45.30 45.49 md5 47.59 47.92 48.71 T:blake2b 48.79 49.20 50.01 prh42s512 48.94 49.28 49.50 T:blake3 51.89 52.09 52.46 T:beamsplitter 54.07 54.41 54.94 T:blake32 54.47 54.86 55.42 T:skein256256 54.60 55.09 55.55 asconxofav12 54.80 55.26 55.96 asconhashav12 56.57 57.03 57.58 T:tiger 58.01 58.45 58.92 T:echo256 64.76 65.36 66.23 T:xoodyakv1 68.05 68.70 69.89 T:k12 68.75 69.43 70.08 T:skein512256 70.49 70.93 71.53 T:bmw256 70.64 71.14 71.94 prh64s512 70.90 71.24 71.69 T:gimli24v1 70.81 71.55 72.47 T:bmw512 72.91 73.72 74.42 blake256 73.30 73.79 74.26 asconhashv12 73.23 73.85 75.88 asconxofv12 74.97 75.50 76.17 T:cheetah256 75.84 76.38 77.11 T:rfsb509 75.43 76.39 76.94 lsh256 76.74 77.25 77.82 T:skein512512 76.49 77.34 78.04 T:hamsi 77.33 77.73 78.74 blake512 77.31 77.86 78.28 lsh512 78.20 78.86 79.88 T:sarmal256 80.39 81.01 81.94 prh42s1024 83.81 84.28 84.85 T:shavite3256 85.11 86.42 87.34 T:luffa256 79.25? 87.61? 95.14? T:blake64 94.43 95.33 95.95 T:sarmal512 100.86 101.95 103.77 T:cubehash512 102.33 103.09 104.07 T:bash512 102.21 103.29 104.19 T:bash256 102.49 103.42 104.18 T:bash384 102.73 103.65 106.10 T:shamashashv1 104.22 104.42 104.74 T:ripemd160 108.68 109.43 110.43 sha3512 114.93 115.93 117.33 T:groestl256 114.98 116.17 119.44 T:keccak 115.38 116.45 118.03 sha1 115.91 116.78 118.72 T:keccakc768 116.72 117.33 117.95 sha3256 116.38 117.35 120.41 T:keccakc1024 116.50 117.41 120.26 T:keccakc512 116.97 118.23 123.28 T:keccakc448 116.52 118.70 120.90 sha224 117.78 119.01 120.81 T:keccakc256 121.61 122.05 122.73 T:whirlpool 121.90 122.89 125.94 shake256 122.39 124.00 127.68 shake128 114.79? 125.38? 153.41? sha3224 126.78 127.49 128.44 T:luffa384 129.75 130.76 131.78 prh64s1024 132.42 132.96 133.94 T:nasha256 134.91 135.59 135.75 T:sneikha256 142.54 143.12 143.97 T:saturninhashv2 145.33 146.19 147.12 T:triadhashv1 146.16 147.34 148.88 asconhashabi32v12 147.86 148.66 149.44 T:shabal256 148.80 149.38 149.97 T:shabal512 150.57 151.64 152.39 T:drygascon128 151.43 152.38 154.86 T:esch256v2 150.76 153.24 154.27 T:esch256v1 152.00 154.90 155.47 sha3384 166.43 168.75 171.31 T:cubehash832 170.01 173.35 176.90 T:cubehash816 178.26 181.60 185.79 T:cubehash88 183.86 184.86 186.18 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 183.57 185.07 186.96 asconhashbi32v12 182.41 185.16 188.12 sha384 190.99 193.12 195.02 T:skein10241024 188.71 193.21 194.96 sha512 196.62 199.05 201.71 T:cubehash84 204.44 205.83 206.92 T:keccakc256treed2 205.03 206.08 207.60 T:keccakc512treed2 209.06 209.89 212.08 T:knot256v1 206.98 210.21 211.28 T:knot256v2 214.55 215.57 216.58 T:jh512 214.40 215.91 217.54 T:jh256 215.42 216.36 217.55 T:jh384 215.39 216.57 217.77 T:jh224 214.98 217.78 220.95 T:cheetah512 217.93? 220.64? 242.69? T:romulush 220.29 221.81 224.71 T:simd512 222.21 224.51 226.72 T:cubehash82 226.25 227.10 230.60 T:groestl512 233.18 234.08 235.18 T:coral256v1 237.56 239.33 239.80 T:luffa512 239.86 240.66 241.51 T:nasha512 245.91 247.22 248.94 T:drygascon256 242.69 259.14 268.54 T:fugue256 260.11 261.69 263.26 T:round3jh256 259.53 262.00 263.92 T:round3jh512 276.54 280.10 282.98 T:cubehash81 289.62 290.75 297.69 T:clxhash 302.39 303.27 304.08 T:esch384v1 303.01 304.16 305.32 T:esch384v2 311.12 312.98 316.26 T:shavite3512 312.24 315.65 321.23 T:cubehash1632 313.44 317.16 324.74 T:cubehash1616 327.57 327.95 331.44 T:mcssha4 328.94 329.28 335.84 T:mcssha6 326.09 335.34 340.90 T:simd256 335.93 342.39 349.77 T:cubehash168 361.40 367.08 374.41 T:cubehash164 369.72 372.96 374.75 T:fugue2 395.60 395.70 395.97 T:sneikha384 409.39 410.88 413.38 T:fugue384 416.20 419.90 429.22 T:cubehash162 424.48 426.86 430.28 T:knot384 441.44 446.25 447.73 T:lane256 445.89 448.08 450.80 T:echo512 466.08 467.80 474.26 T:echosp256 485.67 489.76 497.32 T:bblake256 521.55 523.42 528.77 T:mcssha5 530.89 536.25 542.15 T:cubehash161 537.68 540.64 542.93 T:essence224 542.31 543.80 545.98 T:essence256 556.09 559.49 563.33 T:mgrostl256 567.30 569.11 570.82 T:echosp512 634.75 636.70 638.26 T:knot512 699.00 702.30 706.48 T:fugue512 692.16 704.80 710.46 T:fsb256 747.21 749.69 750.71 T:essence384 751.22 753.44 754.14 T:essence512 884.67 887.57 891.94 T:md6d224 935.72 952.75 967.18 T:atelopus32 954.31 956.49 959.20 T:md6d256 1152.54 1155.93 1159.38 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 1211.50 1215.60 1221.72 T:subterraneanv1 1238.48 1240.78 1242.90 T:md6d384 1304.00 1304.05 1304.35 T:lane512 1448.45 1472.81 1512.39 T:atelopus64 1928.08 1966.08 1989.93 T:syconhash256v1 3829.14 3833.77 3837.52 T:acehash256v1 4256.24 4261.44 4276.65 T:skinnyhashtk3 4303.36 4306.52 4308.80 T:skinnyhashtk2 7149.82 7250.05 7466.95 T:heron256v1 12405.65 12412.58 12419.65 T:gage1h256c256r128 15826.07 15858.98 15934.56 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 16177.94 16184.82 16266.46 T:orangishv1 18222.43 18232.03 18243.07 T:gage1h256c224r032 18505.01 18516.35 18530.55 T:gage1h256c224r064 20589.58 20598.41 20607.43 T:gage1h256c256r064 33645.53 33660.07 33763.81 T:gage1h256c256r032 36404.94 36438.10 36546.90 T:gage1h256c512r064 53054.76 53063.50 53080.33 T:gage1h256c224r016 60430.36 60442.68 60463.18 T:gage1h256c256r016 62712.33 62730.22 62745.89 T:gage1h256c512r032 99972.43 100011.67 100213.91 T:gage1h256c224r008 2482790.97 2491751.14 2505418.45 T:fsb512