VAMPIRE	eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems	ECRYPT II

Measurements of hash functions on one machine: amd64; Airmont (406c3); 2015 Intel Pentium N3700; 4 x 1600MHz; nucnuc, supercop-20260330

[Page version: 20260609 22:41:32]

eBASH (ECRYPT Benchmarking of All Submitted Hashes) is a project to measure the performance of hash functions. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBASH:

• Speed (cycles/byte) of hashing an 8-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 64-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 576-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 1536-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a 4096-byte message.
• Speed of hashing a long message.

Graphs show timings for all message lengths between 0 and 4096 bytes. The stair-step shape of a typical curve on the graphs reflects the fact that these hash functions handle messages in blocks, such as 64-byte blocks.

Long-message speed is computed as 1/2048 of the difference in cycle counts between hashing 4096-byte messages and hashing 2048-byte messages, or (starting with supercop-20200409) 1/16384 of the difference in cycle counts between hashing 18208-byte messages and hashing 1824-byte messages. Slightly different computations are used for some hash functions with non-power-of-2 block sizes.

There is a separate page with more information about each hash function and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new hash functions and new implementations should read the call for submissions.

Test results

Graphs: (bytes,cycles)

NISTLWC graphs: (bytes,cycles)

Cycles/byte for long messages 25% 50% 75% hash 0.12 0.12 0.12 T:floppsy 0.61 0.61 0.61 komihash 1.11 1.11 1.11 prh42s512 1.12 1.12 1.12 prh42s256 1.14 1.14 1.16 prh64s256 1.18 1.18 1.19 prh42s1024 1.19 1.19 1.19 prh64s1024 1.21 1.22 1.22 prh64s512 2.05 2.05 2.05 T:bebb4185 4.07 4.07 4.08 T:edonr512 4.27 4.27 4.27 T:md4 6.12 6.13 6.13 md5 6.70 6.71 6.71 T:blake3 7.05 7.05 7.05 T:bmw512 7.29 7.29 7.30 lsh256 8.03 8.04 8.04 T:edonr256 8.40 8.41 8.42 T:cubehash832 8.56 8.57 8.57 T:blake2b 9.02 9.03 9.04 T:shabal512 9.02 9.03 9.03 T:shabal256 9.27 9.27 9.27 sha1 9.43 9.44 9.46 T:tiger 9.76 9.77 9.77 T:k12 10.16 10.16 10.16 T:blake2s 10.69 10.69 10.70 T:beamsplitter 11.61 11.61 11.62 T:skein512512 11.61 11.61 11.62 T:skein512256 11.69 11.69 11.70 T:blake32 11.72 11.72 11.73 T:skein256256 11.98 11.99 12.00 T:sarmal256 12.50 12.50 12.51 T:blake64 12.84 12.85 12.85 T:bmw256 13.08 13.08 13.09 T:keccakc256treed2 13.60 13.61 13.61 blake512 13.61 13.61 13.61 blake256 13.79 13.81 13.93 T:cheetah256 14.70 14.71 14.73 T:sarmal512 14.74 14.76 14.76 T:lux512 15.20 15.21 15.24 T:bblake256 15.72 15.76 15.83 T:rfsb509 16.07 16.07 16.09 lsh512 16.17 16.18 16.18 T:keccakc512treed2 16.56 16.56 16.56 T:cubehash1632 16.56 16.56 16.58 T:cubehash512 16.81 16.81 16.82 T:cubehash816 16.83 16.84 16.85 T:lux256 17.23 17.23 17.24 sha512 17.23 17.23 17.23 sha384 17.87 17.88 17.88 T:skein10241024 18.25 18.25 18.26 T:ripemd160 18.54 18.54 18.56 T:luffa256 18.61 18.62 18.67 T:keccakc256 18.86 19.13 19.25 shake128 19.15 19.25 19.41 T:simd512 19.63 19.63 19.65 T:luffa384 19.89 19.90 19.92 T:nasha256 20.25 20.25 20.26 T:xoodyakv1 20.38 20.39 20.42 T:nasha512 20.46 20.46 20.48 sha256 20.46 20.47 20.49 sha224 20.70 20.79 21.00 T:cheetah512 20.80 20.80 20.81 T:echo256 21.57 21.61 21.64 T:keccakc448 21.90 21.91 22.37 sha3224 22.74 22.76 23.01 T:keccakc512 23.02 23.03 23.04 shake256 23.03 23.03 23.32 sha3256 24.21 24.25 24.63 T:keccak 24.63 24.65 24.68 T:fugue2 25.72 25.73 25.75 T:jh256 25.72 25.73 25.75 T:jh384 25.73 25.73 25.75 T:jh512 25.73 25.74 25.76 T:jh224 29.54 29.55 29.56 T:round3jh256 29.55 29.55 29.57 T:round3jh512 29.87 29.90 30.21 T:keccakc768 30.22 30.23 30.34 sha3384 32.37 32.38 32.41 asconhashav12 32.37 32.38 32.41 asconxofav12 32.59 32.61 32.65 T:fugue256 32.76 32.76 32.78 T:groestl256 32.78 32.79 32.81 T:luffa512 33.12 33.13 33.20 T:shavite3256 33.62 33.63 33.65 T:cubehash88 33.93 33.94 33.97 T:cubehash1616 35.90 35.93 36.32 T:hamsi 37.44 37.44 37.45 T:gimli24v1 42.86 42.87 43.05 T:keccakc1024 43.36 43.53 44.31 sha3512 44.53 44.54 44.59 T:essence512 44.54 44.55 44.58 T:essence384 47.00 47.00 47.03 T:mcssha4 47.00 47.00 47.02 T:mcssha5 47.00 47.00 47.02 T:mcssha6 47.75 47.85 48.17 T:lane256 48.03 48.05 48.14 T:echosp256 48.12 48.13 48.16 asconxofv12 48.12 48.13 48.16 asconhashv12 49.31 49.32 49.39 T:groestl512 52.93 52.99 53.06 T:md6d224 53.02 53.06 53.10 T:whirlpool 54.57 54.76 54.96 T:shavite3512 57.11 57.20 57.55 T:md6d256 63.34 63.35 63.38 T:sneikha256 63.46 63.56 63.84 T:simd256 67.25 67.26 67.30 T:cubehash84 67.87 67.88 67.94 T:cubehash168 67.87 67.90 68.01 asconhashabi32v12 68.24 68.25 68.32 T:shamashashv1 69.41 69.43 69.56 T:echosp512 71.63 71.64 71.70 T:essence256 71.63 71.66 71.71 T:essence224 73.27 73.30 73.40 T:atelopus64 74.33 74.45 74.67 T:md6d384 76.16 76.22 76.30 T:atelopus32 85.71 85.74 85.88 T:fugue512 91.18 91.19 91.27 T:fugue384 93.53 93.55 93.62 T:saturninhashv2 102.81 102.85 103.07 T:echo512 102.98 103.03 103.17 asconhashbi32v12 111.51 111.54 111.60 T:esch256v2 111.70 111.74 111.81 T:esch256v1 119.24 119.29 119.36 T:mgrostl256 126.19 126.20 126.24 T:sneikha384 126.82 126.86 126.91 T:esch384v2 127.08 127.12 127.17 T:esch384v1 134.51 134.57 134.60 T:cubehash82 135.42 135.56 135.87 T:coral256v1 135.76 135.80 135.83 T:cubehash164 138.94 140.13 140.29 T:drygascon128 153.81 153.86 153.93 T:romulush 155.96 156.07 156.18 T:knot256v2 180.82 181.52 187.83 T:drygascon256 208.78 208.83 208.84 T:triadhashv1 243.77 243.81 243.81 T:knot256v1 251.02 251.10 251.21 T:lane512 269.10 269.12 269.13 T:cubehash81 272.10 272.12 272.15 T:cubehash162 279.79 279.81 279.81 T:clxhash 330.49 332.66 334.10 T:fsb256 510.26 510.29 510.32 T:knot512 541.51 541.56 541.59 T:knot384 545.13 545.18 545.20 T:cubehash161 619.86 620.42 621.14 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 627.91 634.02 639.81 T:fsb512 1276.74 1277.06 1277.12 T:syconhash256v1 1933.37 1933.45 1933.60 T:subterraneanv1 2464.98 2466.70 2482.83 T:acehash256v1 3737.61 3737.79 3738.29 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 3798.20 3799.82 3800.03 T:skinnyhashtk3 6218.54 6341.31 6492.31 T:heron256v1 7120.85 7124.31 7133.99 T:skinnyhashtk2 7145.40 7145.43 7145.47 T:gage1h256c256r128 10092.99 10093.06 10093.20 T:orangishv1 10101.25 10132.07 10156.49 T:gage1h256c224r032 10867.35 10867.41 10867.45 T:gage1h256c224r064 11933.68 11933.76 11933.81 T:gage1h256c256r064 20681.60 20683.25 20686.55 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 21612.86 21612.96 21613.07 T:gage1h256c512r064 21730.44 21730.51 21730.58 T:gage1h256c256r032 35746.43 35746.52 35746.64 T:gage1h256c224r016 39845.28 39845.43 39845.59 T:gage1h256c512r032 40449.29 40449.40 40449.56 T:gage1h256c256r016 68757.22 68757.39 68757.56 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 4096 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.14 0.14 0.14 T:floppsy 0.64 0.64 0.64 komihash 1.30 1.30 1.30 prh42s256 1.39 1.39 1.39 prh42s512 1.39 1.39 1.40 prh64s256 1.62 1.62 1.63 prh42s1024 1.65 1.66 1.66 prh64s512 1.99 1.99 1.99 prh64s1024 2.15 2.15 2.15 T:bebb4185 4.31 4.32 4.33 T:edonr512 4.44 4.44 4.44 T:md4 6.28 6.28 6.28 md5 6.68 6.68 6.68 T:blake3 7.59 7.59 7.59 T:bmw512 7.60 7.60 7.60 lsh256 8.24 8.24 8.25 T:edonr256 8.59 8.60 8.61 T:blake2b 9.28 9.28 9.29 T:cubehash832 9.52 9.52 9.52 sha1 9.64 9.65 9.67 T:tiger 9.71 9.71 9.71 T:shabal256 9.71 9.71 9.71 T:shabal512 9.95 9.96 9.96 T:k12 10.16 10.16 10.16 T:blake2s 10.76 10.76 10.76 T:beamsplitter 11.85 11.85 11.85 T:skein512512 11.85 11.85 11.86 T:skein512256 11.88 11.88 11.88 T:skein256256 11.95 11.95 11.95 T:blake32 12.41 12.41 12.42 T:sarmal256 12.97 12.97 12.99 T:blake64 13.30 13.30 13.30 T:bmw256 13.92 13.92 13.92 blake256 14.14 14.14 14.14 blake512 14.40 14.44 14.49 T:cheetah256 15.10 15.10 15.11 T:keccakc256treed2 15.21 15.22 15.23 T:sarmal512 16.45 16.46 16.47 T:bblake256 16.58 16.59 16.61 T:lux512 16.99 16.99 16.99 T:cubehash512 17.06 17.09 17.17 T:rfsb509 17.18 17.18 17.18 lsh512 17.69 17.69 17.70 T:cubehash816 17.88 17.88 17.88 sha384 17.89 17.89 17.91 sha512 17.98 17.98 18.00 T:lux256 18.02 18.02 18.02 T:cubehash1632 18.47 18.47 18.47 T:keccakc512treed2 18.55 18.55 18.56 T:skein10241024 18.64 18.64 18.65 T:ripemd160 18.90 18.90 18.91 T:luffa256 19.20 19.22 19.47 T:keccakc256 19.28 19.28 19.28 shake128 19.99 20.02 20.41 T:simd512 20.18 20.18 20.18 T:luffa384 20.31 20.33 20.35 T:nasha256 20.40 20.40 20.42 T:xoodyakv1 20.88 20.88 20.89 sha224 20.88 20.88 20.89 sha256 21.20 21.22 21.28 T:nasha512 21.76 21.76 21.78 T:echo256 22.17 22.17 22.22 T:keccakc448 22.30 22.31 22.69 sha3224 23.65 23.67 23.70 T:keccakc512 23.81 23.81 23.82 sha3256 23.83 23.83 23.84 shake256 25.10 25.28 25.46 T:keccak 25.67 25.83 26.03 T:cheetah512 26.14 26.14 26.14 T:jh384 26.14 26.14 26.14 T:jh256 26.14 26.14 26.18 T:jh224 26.14 26.14 26.14 T:jh512 26.83 26.83 26.89 T:fugue2 30.01 30.02 30.02 T:round3jh256 30.02 30.02 30.02 T:round3jh512 30.42 30.60 31.10 T:keccakc768 30.64 30.64 30.64 sha3384 32.68 32.68 32.69 asconxofav12 32.68 32.68 32.69 asconhashav12 33.59 33.60 33.62 T:shavite3256 33.63 33.64 33.65 T:groestl256 33.65 33.65 33.66 T:luffa512 33.81 33.82 33.83 T:fugue256 34.52 34.52 34.53 T:cubehash88 35.52 35.53 35.54 T:cubehash1616 36.12 36.15 36.33 T:hamsi 37.72 37.72 37.73 T:gimli24v1 43.15 43.17 43.21 T:keccakc1024 43.71 44.18 44.51 sha3512 46.10 46.10 46.11 T:essence384 46.13 46.13 46.14 T:essence512 47.78 47.80 47.80 T:mcssha4 47.83 47.83 47.84 T:mcssha6 48.47 48.47 48.47 T:mcssha5 48.53 48.53 48.53 asconxofv12 48.53 48.53 48.53 asconhashv12 49.35 49.36 49.38 T:lane256 50.10 50.10 50.12 T:echosp256 52.11 52.11 52.15 T:groestl512 53.70 53.76 53.91 T:md6d224 54.00 54.02 54.05 T:whirlpool 56.11 56.12 56.32 T:shavite3512 57.88 57.99 58.21 T:md6d256 63.85 63.85 63.86 T:sneikha256 64.46 64.51 64.56 T:simd256 68.15 68.15 68.18 T:cubehash84 68.61 68.61 68.62 T:shamashashv1 68.72 68.73 68.75 asconhashabi32v12 69.46 69.46 69.48 T:cubehash168 71.97 71.98 71.99 T:echosp512 72.91 72.91 72.92 T:essence224 72.91 72.91 72.93 T:essence256 75.16 75.28 75.58 T:md6d384 76.42 76.47 76.48 T:atelopus64 79.17 79.19 79.25 T:atelopus32 90.33 90.34 90.46 T:fugue512 93.94 93.94 93.97 T:fugue384 94.34 94.34 94.35 T:saturninhashv2 104.04 104.06 104.18 asconhashbi32v12 106.02 106.04 106.11 T:echo512 112.19 112.19 112.20 T:esch256v2 112.39 112.39 112.39 T:esch256v1 124.84 124.88 124.99 T:mgrostl256 127.63 127.63 127.67 T:sneikha384 128.06 128.06 128.07 T:esch384v2 128.31 128.31 128.34 T:esch384v1 135.37 135.38 135.40 T:cubehash82 137.34 137.34 137.37 T:cubehash164 137.47 137.83 137.83 T:coral256v1 139.30 140.36 140.37 T:drygascon128 155.07 155.07 155.18 T:romulush 156.88 157.42 157.42 T:knot256v2 182.62 182.73 188.43 T:drygascon256 209.23 209.23 209.32 T:triadhashv1 244.28 244.28 244.33 T:knot256v1 267.23 267.28 267.32 T:lane512 269.89 269.91 270.02 T:cubehash81 273.58 273.59 273.67 T:cubehash162 280.16 280.17 280.23 T:clxhash 316.12 317.76 320.40 T:fsb256 511.66 511.71 511.86 T:knot512 542.40 542.47 542.63 T:knot384 546.65 546.70 546.85 T:cubehash161 618.34 618.75 619.43 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 1289.58 1289.67 1289.79 T:syconhash256v1 1937.94 1938.04 1938.20 T:subterraneanv1 2490.78 2490.98 2505.45 T:acehash256v1 3734.66 3734.84 3735.04 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 3829.41 3829.57 3829.70 T:skinnyhashtk3 6310.83 6456.82 6566.98 T:heron256v1 7125.50 7137.99 7139.20 T:skinnyhashtk2 7229.16 7229.28 7229.33 T:gage1h256c256r128 10171.79 10171.93 10172.11 T:orangishv1 10195.48 10221.02 10240.39 T:gage1h256c224r032 10973.55 10973.61 10973.67 T:gage1h256c224r064 12050.31 12050.40 12050.47 T:gage1h256c256r064 20661.80 20662.72 20665.17 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 21824.37 21824.46 21824.58 T:gage1h256c512r064 21921.38 21921.50 21921.60 T:gage1h256c256r032 25655.40 25666.96 25673.33 T:fsb512 36042.79 36042.88 36043.04 T:gage1h256c224r016 40195.52 40195.68 40195.79 T:gage1h256c512r032 40784.76 40784.88 40785.02 T:gage1h256c256r016 69310.92 69311.14 69311.42 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 1536 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.18 0.18 0.18 T:floppsy 0.69 0.69 0.69 komihash 1.59 1.60 1.64 prh42s256 1.82 1.82 1.83 prh64s256 1.87 1.87 1.87 prh42s512 2.33 2.33 2.33 T:bebb4185 2.35 2.36 2.36 prh42s1024 2.39 2.39 2.40 prh64s512 3.31 3.31 3.32 prh64s1024 4.67 4.67 4.68 T:edonr512 4.72 4.72 4.72 T:md4 6.54 6.54 6.54 md5 8.13 8.13 8.13 lsh256 8.48 8.48 8.49 T:bmw512 8.58 8.58 8.59 T:edonr256 8.63 8.64 8.67 T:blake2b 9.41 9.41 9.42 T:blake3 9.95 9.98 9.99 sha1 10.09 10.09 10.10 T:tiger 10.16 10.16 10.16 T:blake2s 10.72 10.73 10.75 T:cubehash832 10.80 10.81 10.83 T:k12 10.86 10.86 10.86 T:shabal256 10.87 10.87 10.87 T:shabal512 10.89 10.89 10.89 T:beamsplitter 12.15 12.15 12.15 T:skein256256 12.25 12.25 12.25 T:skein512512 12.24 12.25 12.28 T:skein512256 12.38 12.38 12.38 T:blake32 13.23 13.24 13.26 T:sarmal256 13.77 13.78 13.78 T:blake64 14.06 14.06 14.06 T:bmw256 14.43 14.43 14.43 blake256 15.04 15.04 15.05 blake512 15.53 15.57 15.82 T:cheetah256 16.15 16.17 16.20 T:sarmal512 17.52 17.52 17.53 T:keccakc256treed2 17.70 17.70 17.71 T:cubehash512 18.54 18.57 18.61 T:bblake256 18.98 18.98 18.98 sha384 18.99 19.00 19.03 sha512 19.03 19.04 19.04 lsh512 19.14 19.16 19.20 T:cubehash816 19.30 19.30 19.31 T:ripemd160 19.29 19.36 19.49 T:rfsb509 19.56 19.56 19.56 T:luffa256 19.67 19.67 19.68 T:skein10241024 19.73 19.77 19.82 T:lux512 19.90 19.91 19.94 T:lux256 20.45 20.45 20.45 T:cubehash1632 20.52 20.52 20.52 T:keccakc512treed2 20.62 20.64 20.99 shake128 20.66 20.66 20.66 T:xoodyakv1 20.65 20.69 20.83 T:keccakc256 21.05 21.09 21.10 T:nasha256 21.10 21.10 21.11 T:luffa384 21.30 21.41 21.65 T:simd512 21.59 21.59 21.62 sha224 21.60 21.61 21.64 sha256 22.59 22.59 22.61 sha3224 22.53 22.60 22.87 T:nasha512 22.65 22.76 22.94 T:keccakc448 24.05 24.05 24.08 T:echo256 24.65 24.66 24.68 shake256 24.62 24.69 24.76 T:keccakc512 24.69 24.92 24.93 sha3256 26.51 26.55 26.63 T:keccak 26.84 26.84 26.90 T:jh384 26.84 26.84 26.85 T:jh256 26.84 26.84 26.84 T:jh224 26.84 26.84 26.87 T:jh512 30.55 30.67 30.80 T:fugue2 30.71 30.72 30.72 sha3384 30.82 30.82 30.82 T:round3jh256 30.83 30.84 30.84 T:round3jh512 31.11 31.15 31.27 T:keccakc768 33.20 33.20 33.20 asconhashav12 33.20 33.20 33.21 asconxofav12 33.84 34.08 34.46 T:cheetah512 34.47 34.48 34.48 T:shavite3256 35.10 35.10 35.10 T:luffa512 35.19 35.21 35.22 T:groestl256 36.01 36.01 36.04 T:cubehash88 36.02 36.05 36.14 T:fugue256 36.43 36.49 36.55 T:hamsi 38.17 38.18 38.21 T:cubehash1616 38.20 38.20 38.21 T:gimli24v1 44.66 44.73 44.81 T:keccakc1024 44.87 44.89 44.92 sha3512 48.74 48.75 48.76 T:essence384 48.81 48.81 48.82 T:essence512 49.05 49.13 49.13 T:mcssha4 49.20 49.20 49.20 asconxofv12 49.20 49.20 49.21 asconhashv12 49.22 49.22 49.27 T:mcssha6 49.45 49.52 49.72 T:echosp256 50.92 50.92 50.92 T:mcssha5 51.94 51.97 52.02 T:lane256 53.28 53.41 53.50 T:md6d224 55.65 55.68 55.76 T:whirlpool 56.76 56.77 56.81 T:groestl512 57.31 57.45 57.57 T:md6d256 59.02 59.03 59.11 T:shavite3512 64.71 64.71 64.71 T:sneikha256 66.17 66.24 66.27 T:simd256 69.63 69.63 69.74 T:shamashashv1 69.64 69.64 69.68 T:cubehash84 70.09 70.09 70.09 asconhashabi32v12 72.09 72.10 72.12 T:cubehash168 74.44 74.58 74.72 T:md6d384 75.04 75.04 75.05 T:essence224 75.06 75.06 75.08 T:essence256 78.73 78.76 78.81 T:echosp512 81.87 81.90 81.97 T:atelopus64 84.02 84.04 84.10 T:atelopus32 95.68 95.68 95.69 T:saturninhashv2 98.11 98.17 98.42 T:fugue512 98.52 98.52 98.54 T:fugue384 105.81 105.92 106.00 asconhashbi32v12 111.47 111.47 111.48 T:echo512 113.35 113.35 113.35 T:esch256v2 113.54 113.55 113.55 T:esch256v1 130.04 130.04 130.06 T:sneikha384 130.13 130.13 130.14 T:esch384v2 130.38 130.39 130.39 T:esch384v1 134.33 134.38 134.44 T:mgrostl256 136.82 136.83 136.85 T:cubehash82 138.95 139.64 139.64 T:coral256v1 139.98 140.01 140.06 T:cubehash164 139.76 140.74 140.74 T:drygascon128 157.16 157.16 157.19 T:romulush 159.47 159.47 159.47 T:knot256v2 184.58 184.59 190.58 T:drygascon256 185.05 190.34 195.96 T:fsb256 210.04 210.04 210.07 T:triadhashv1 245.16 245.16 245.17 T:knot256v1 271.38 271.40 271.45 T:cubehash81 276.22 276.24 276.29 T:cubehash162 280.85 280.85 280.86 T:clxhash 293.63 293.71 293.80 T:lane512 515.03 515.03 515.12 T:knot512 545.61 545.61 545.82 T:knot384 549.34 549.36 549.55 T:cubehash161 616.36 617.33 617.86 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 1310.18 1310.42 1311.03 T:syconhash256v1 1945.09 1945.56 1946.18 T:subterraneanv1 2531.00 2531.47 2546.02 T:acehash256v1 3729.58 3729.91 3730.17 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 3878.96 3879.07 3879.21 T:skinnyhashtk3 6471.85 6672.20 6738.52 T:heron256v1 7161.20 7161.59 7162.58 T:skinnyhashtk2 7368.77 7369.01 7369.11 T:gage1h256c256r128 10302.91 10303.22 10303.63 T:orangishv1 10344.20 10369.27 10388.65 T:gage1h256c224r032 11150.32 11150.64 11150.78 T:gage1h256c224r064 12244.68 12244.75 12244.85 T:gage1h256c256r064 20626.23 20626.97 20635.16 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 22176.23 22176.41 22176.64 T:gage1h256c512r064 22239.57 22239.72 22240.04 T:gage1h256c256r032 36536.90 36537.04 36537.21 T:gage1h256c224r016 40779.20 40779.41 40779.65 T:gage1h256c512r032 41344.28 41344.42 41344.60 T:gage1h256c256r016 67338.48 67357.31 67376.40 T:fsb512 70233.95 70234.20 70234.68 T:gage1h256c224r008

Cycles/byte for 576 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.27 0.27 0.27 T:floppsy 0.80 0.80 0.80 komihash 2.40 2.40 2.41 prh42s256 2.80 2.80 2.80 T:bebb4185 2.99 3.00 3.02 prh64s256 3.13 3.13 3.14 prh42s512 4.29 4.29 4.30 prh42s1024 4.36 4.36 4.37 prh64s512 5.36 5.37 5.41 T:edonr512 5.44 5.44 5.44 T:md4 6.78 6.79 6.82 prh64s1024 7.20 7.20 7.21 md5 8.81 8.81 8.81 lsh256 9.14 9.14 9.14 T:blake3 9.47 9.48 9.49 T:edonr256 9.70 9.70 9.73 T:blake2b 10.16 10.16 10.18 T:blake2s 10.20 10.21 10.23 T:bmw512 11.03 11.03 11.04 sha1 11.22 11.22 11.23 T:beamsplitter 11.33 11.33 11.33 T:tiger 12.09 12.12 12.15 T:k12 12.86 12.86 12.86 T:skein256256 13.27 13.27 13.27 T:skein512256 13.29 13.29 13.29 T:skein512512 13.51 13.51 13.52 T:blake32 13.91 13.92 13.94 T:shabal256 13.93 13.94 13.95 T:shabal512 13.95 14.00 14.07 T:sarmal256 14.59 14.60 14.61 T:blake64 14.59 14.60 14.67 T:cubehash832 15.72 15.74 15.76 blake256 15.99 15.99 15.99 blake512 16.07 16.07 16.08 T:bmw256 16.92 16.94 16.99 T:sarmal512 17.90? 18.32? 20.26? T:cheetah256 19.55 19.56 19.57 T:cubehash512 20.06 20.06 20.07 sha384 20.11 20.11 20.11 sha512 21.02 21.04 21.06 T:ripemd160 21.16 21.17 21.17 T:luffa256 21.34 21.34 21.34 T:xoodyakv1 22.13 22.20 22.56 shake128 22.31 22.35 22.45 lsh512 22.79 22.80 22.88 T:keccakc256 23.07 23.09 23.11 T:nasha256 23.03 23.11 23.17 T:cubehash816 23.49 23.49 23.50 sha224 23.51 23.51 23.51 sha256 23.52 23.54 23.56 T:luffa384 23.91 23.96 24.10 T:nasha512 23.95 23.96 24.02 T:keccakc256treed2 23.95 23.99 24.06 T:bblake256 24.75 24.78 24.89 T:skein10241024 25.00 25.00 25.04 T:lux256 25.30 25.49 25.65 T:rfsb509 26.93 26.93 26.94 T:cubehash1632 27.43 27.47 27.95 sha3256 27.40 27.50 27.98 sha3224 27.55 27.55 27.56 shake256 27.24 27.62 28.22 T:simd512 27.70 27.76 27.95 T:keccak 27.89 28.04 28.38 T:keccakc512 28.11 28.35 29.08 T:keccakc448 28.70 28.70 28.71 T:jh384 28.71 28.71 28.74 T:jh256 28.71 28.71 28.72 T:jh224 28.71 28.71 28.72 T:jh512 29.32 29.33 29.38 T:echo256 30.56 30.61 30.72 T:lux512 31.68 31.75 31.90 T:keccakc512treed2 32.92 32.92 32.94 sha3384 32.96 32.96 32.96 T:round3jh256 32.97 32.97 32.98 T:round3jh512 33.30 33.65 33.94 T:keccakc768 34.58 34.58 34.58 asconhashav12 34.58 34.58 34.62 asconxofav12 36.87 36.88 36.90 T:shavite3256 36.38 36.95 37.69 T:hamsi 38.96 38.96 38.97 T:luffa512 39.36 39.37 39.40 T:groestl256 39.48 39.48 39.48 T:gimli24v1 39.99 40.00 40.05 T:cubehash88 40.41 40.50 40.90 T:fugue2 41.90 42.03 42.29 T:fugue256 45.22 45.26 45.31 T:cubehash1616 48.99 49.01 49.11 sha3512 49.09 49.19 49.90 T:keccakc1024 50.98 50.98 50.98 asconhashv12 50.98 50.98 50.98 asconxofv12 52.49 52.69 52.69 T:mcssha4 52.92 52.93 52.93 T:mcssha6 54.05 54.62 55.54 T:cheetah512 55.76 55.77 55.77 T:essence384 55.96 55.96 55.97 T:essence512 57.04 57.05 57.08 T:echosp256 57.45 57.45 57.45 T:mcssha5 58.80 58.85 58.96 T:lane256 60.00 60.08 60.12 T:whirlpool 60.86 60.98 61.41 T:shavite3512 63.42 63.46 63.59 T:groestl512 66.98 66.98 66.98 T:sneikha256 70.63 70.66 70.85 T:simd256 72.26 72.26 72.28 T:shamashashv1 73.61 73.63 73.69 T:cubehash84 73.80 73.86 74.03 asconhashabi32v12 79.11 79.14 79.19 T:cubehash168 80.73 80.73 80.74 T:essence224 80.77 80.77 80.81 T:essence256 93.99 94.18 94.31 T:echosp512 99.26 99.26 99.27 T:saturninhashv2 106.19 106.27 106.51 T:atelopus32 107.65 107.88 108.06 T:md6d224 110.35 110.38 110.49 asconhashbi32v12 110.74 110.74 110.76 T:fugue384 114.52 114.54 114.57 T:echo512 115.50 115.77 115.87 T:md6d256 116.44 116.44 116.44 T:esch256v2 116.64 116.64 116.65 T:esch256v1 118.86 119.11 119.13 T:fugue512 120.71 120.85 121.10 T:atelopus64 135.67 135.67 135.67 T:esch384v2 135.92 135.92 135.94 T:esch384v1 136.45 136.45 136.46 T:sneikha384 140.69 140.74 140.82 T:cubehash82 140.83 141.76 141.77 T:drygascon128 144.45 144.45 144.45 T:coral256v1 146.17 146.48 146.60 T:mgrostl256 147.03 147.07 147.16 T:cubehash164 149.99 150.16 150.48 T:md6d384 161.53 161.92 163.41 T:fsb256 162.75 162.75 162.81 T:romulush 164.95 164.95 164.95 T:knot256v2 189.81 189.83 196.37 T:drygascon256 212.19 212.19 212.22 T:triadhashv1 247.50 247.50 247.51 T:knot256v1 275.36 275.37 275.43 T:cubehash81 282.68 282.68 282.70 T:clxhash 283.24 283.27 283.32 T:cubehash162 392.91 393.00 393.02 T:lane512 524.04 524.04 524.05 T:knot512 552.78 552.78 552.87 T:knot384 556.57 556.59 556.66 T:cubehash161 611.01 612.63 612.91 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 1365.75 1365.81 1367.09 T:syconhash256v1 1965.12 1965.22 1966.70 T:subterraneanv1 2637.85 2639.05 2654.29 T:acehash256v1 3716.11 3717.03 3717.86 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 4010.36 4010.71 4012.21 T:skinnyhashtk3 6958.84 7194.47 7195.63 T:heron256v1 7223.10 7223.73 7224.95 T:skinnyhashtk2 7740.93 7741.77 7741.96 T:gage1h256c256r128 10653.33 10653.54 10653.82 T:orangishv1 10740.69 10764.45 10784.23 T:gage1h256c224r032 11622.30 11622.45 11622.63 T:gage1h256c224r064 12762.70 12762.89 12763.40 T:gage1h256c256r064 20532.75 20537.19 20544.70 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 23088.09 23088.29 23088.57 T:gage1h256c256r032 23114.36 23114.55 23114.77 T:gage1h256c512r064 37854.52 37855.00 37855.86 T:gage1h256c224r016 42336.13 42336.56 42336.91 T:gage1h256c512r032 42836.56 42836.95 42837.14 T:gage1h256c256r016 72695.69 72696.64 72697.42 T:gage1h256c224r008 178549.91 178579.74 178626.35 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 64 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 0.89? 0.89? 1.00? T:floppsy 2.25 2.25 2.50 komihash 8.01 8.11 8.26 T:bebb4185 9.81 9.81 10.08 T:blake3 10.08 10.08 10.44 T:blake2s 12.16 12.16 12.31 prh42s256 14.73 14.73 14.95 T:md4 15.34 15.34 15.45 T:beamsplitter 15.59 15.59 15.64 md5 15.65 15.67 15.68 T:edonr512 17.75 17.78 18.07 prh64s256 18.55 18.55 18.86 T:blake2b 18.98 19.00 19.12 prh42s512 20.58 20.58 20.59 lsh256 21.00 21.00 21.13 T:edonr256 21.75 21.75 21.79 T:skein256256 25.19 25.19 25.36 sha1 26.14 26.14 26.23 T:skein512256 26.30 26.30 26.38 T:skein512512 26.80 26.82 26.97 T:tiger 27.92 27.98 28.25 T:blake32 29.17 29.41 29.55 prh42s1024 29.73 29.76 30.01 T:sarmal256 29.80 29.99 30.52 T:xoodyakv1 30.21 30.39 30.86 T:blake64 31.88 32.18 32.62 T:k12 32.56 32.66 32.74 blake256 32.69 32.78 33.16 prh64s512 34.22 34.22 34.23 T:bmw512 34.83 34.85 34.88 blake512 35.05 35.23 35.44 T:sarmal512 39.65 39.74 40.01 T:cheetah256 41.62 41.62 42.18 T:bmw256 41.75 41.75 41.76 T:luffa256 41.91 41.91 41.96 sha384 42.34 42.34 42.40 sha512 43.00 43.13 43.41 T:ripemd160 43.48 43.50 43.61 T:cubehash512 44.60 45.19 46.06 T:hamsi 46.76 47.35 48.36 T:nasha256 47.48 47.70 48.48 sha224 47.67 47.72 47.86 sha256 49.78 49.80 49.97 sha3224 49.78 49.80 50.08 sha3256 49.84 49.86 50.27 sha3512 50.89 50.89 50.98 sha3384 51.06 51.06 51.26 shake256 51.12 51.12 51.31 shake128 51.54 51.83 52.67 T:nasha512 51.97 51.97 52.02 asconhashav12 51.97 51.97 52.10 asconxofav12 52.25 52.25 52.92 T:jh384 52.28 52.28 53.00 T:jh256 52.31 52.33 53.05 T:jh224 52.31 52.33 53.14 T:jh512 53.08 53.08 53.35 T:shabal256 53.28 53.28 53.47 T:shabal512 54.16 54.41 54.61 T:luffa384 54.88 55.00 55.81 T:keccak 55.06 55.19 57.55 T:keccakc1024 55.80 55.80 55.80 T:gimli24v1 55.62 55.85 56.73 T:keccakc512 56.17 56.59 57.43 T:keccakc448 56.45 56.61 56.81 T:keccakc256 55.66 56.66 58.25 T:keccakc768 59.76 59.92 60.16 prh64s1024 60.09 60.09 60.58 T:round3jh256 60.14 60.14 60.67 T:round3jh512 64.08 64.24 64.78 T:cubehash832 66.90 67.24 68.11 T:shavite3256 71.10 71.11 71.14 lsh512 72.67 72.70 72.93 T:echo256 72.80 73.18 73.59 T:cubehash816 73.64 73.64 73.75 asconhashv12 73.64 73.64 73.81 asconxofv12 78.80 78.80 78.88 T:skein10241024 86.98 87.17 88.33 T:cheetah512 87.72 87.74 87.90 T:luffa512 90.34 90.43 90.92 T:lux256 90.91 90.96 91.49 T:cubehash88 88.85 91.15 97.11 T:simd512 92.06 92.08 92.37 T:groestl256 94.25 94.26 94.51 T:bblake256 95.75 95.75 95.98 T:sneikha256 97.63 97.69 98.38 T:rfsb509 96.24 98.17 98.17 T:mcssha4 100.30 100.33 100.39 T:mcssha6 104.99 105.12 105.16 T:shamashashv1 109.50 109.51 109.65 T:cubehash1632 113.61 115.02 116.50 T:shavite3512 115.52 115.56 116.45 T:whirlpool 117.23 117.76 119.23 T:fugue256 121.39 122.46 122.95 asconhashabi32v12 124.53 124.58 125.14 T:cubehash84 128.05 128.26 129.81 T:simd256 135.46 135.73 136.12 T:cubehash1616 141.02 141.02 141.02 T:mcssha5 144.88 144.88 145.03 T:saturninhashv2 145.08 145.15 145.32 T:essence384 146.53 146.53 146.58 T:keccakc256treed2 146.79 146.84 147.07 T:essence512 146.92 146.92 147.01 T:keccakc512treed2 147.19 148.22 149.56 T:lane256 152.66 152.69 152.71 T:essence224 153.11 153.12 153.19 T:essence256 153.26 154.84 154.88 T:drygascon128 155.92 155.92 155.96 T:esch256v2 155.92 155.98 156.10 T:lux512 156.27 156.27 156.28 T:esch256v1 166.23 166.32 166.94 T:fugue2 169.02 169.23 169.72 T:cubehash168 168.80 169.42 171.01 asconhashbi32v12 176.13 176.44 178.31 T:groestl512 176.48 176.56 177.20 T:echosp256 190.22 190.43 190.93 T:cubehash82 206.06 206.06 206.06 T:coral256v1 206.56 206.56 206.57 T:esch384v2 206.80 206.80 206.81 T:esch384v1 208.35 208.56 208.97 T:echo512 218.58 218.58 218.62 T:sneikha384 218.56 218.68 218.75 T:echosp512 234.28 234.28 234.35 T:romulush 235.03 235.03 235.03 T:knot256v2 237.25 237.59 238.64 T:cubehash164 239.75 239.75 239.76 T:triadhashv1 256.80 257.95 268.86 T:drygascon256 267.18 267.32 267.50 T:fugue384 277.48 277.49 277.55 T:knot256v1 306.14 306.14 306.14 T:clxhash 326.23 326.28 326.83 T:cubehash81 347.29 347.41 347.83 T:atelopus32 352.97 354.70 355.82 T:md6d224 359.02 359.68 360.10 T:mgrostl256 373.17 373.38 373.87 T:cubehash162 376.57 377.61 381.01 T:md6d256 382.25 382.65 383.85 T:fugue512 400.45 405.04 414.10 T:fsb256 484.95 485.87 486.42 T:md6d384 493.88 499.07 499.35 T:atelopus64 543.30 544.13 547.62 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 610.88 610.88 611.00 T:knot384 639.33 639.33 639.33 T:knot512 649.15 649.28 649.76 T:cubehash161 1521.53 1522.50 1522.77 T:lane512 2077.55 2077.56 2078.28 T:syconhash256v1 2221.64 2222.30 2222.87 T:subterraneanv1 3543.83 3545.05 3546.71 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 4011.14 4011.67 4039.90 T:acehash256v1 5699.35 5699.61 5700.17 T:skinnyhashtk3 8014.78 8015.31 8017.20 T:skinnyhashtk2 12507.04 12507.76 12510.86 T:gage1h256c256r128 12526.85 12559.27 13038.98 T:heron256v1 15133.64 15133.79 15140.69 T:orangishv1 15813.23 15822.31 15843.14 T:gage1h256c224r032 17659.53 17659.55 17662.72 T:gage1h256c224r064 18643.07 18658.96 18678.00 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 19393.20 19393.27 19397.60 T:gage1h256c256r064 33946.05 33946.79 33955.73 T:gage1h256c256r032 35117.47 35119.92 35129.22 T:gage1h256c512r064 54717.38 54724.50 54730.11 T:gage1h256c224r016 61932.65 61941.95 61943.63 T:gage1h256c256r016 62257.30 62267.77 62269.42 T:gage1h256c512r032 104208.61 104209.61 104211.47 T:gage1h256c224r008 1602640.36 1603184.70 1603760.93 T:fsb512

Cycles/byte for 8 bytes 25% 50% 75% hash 5.00 5.00 5.52 T:floppsy 9.62? 9.62? 11.55? komihash 46.75 46.75 47.46 T:beamsplitter 48.99 49.73 51.52 T:bebb4185 69.88 69.88 71.95 md5 80.62 80.62 81.86 T:md4 82.25 82.25 83.10 T:blake2s 88.38 88.42 89.42 prh42s256 89.75 89.75 91.01 T:blake3 111.12 111.17 111.38 T:edonr256 114.50 114.50 114.85 T:xoodyakv1 122.25 122.25 122.28 T:edonr512 122.60 122.62 124.91 T:hamsi 123.75 123.75 125.06 sha1 126.25 126.25 127.41 T:skein256256 131.23 131.38 131.44 T:tiger 135.75 135.75 136.89 T:blake32 137.25 137.25 138.89 prh64s256 142.50 142.96 144.09 prh42s512 144.88 144.88 146.26 T:gimli24v1 146.88 146.88 150.40 T:blake2b 156.34 156.50 159.05 blake256 164.50 164.50 164.68 lsh256 189.12 189.12 190.43 asconxofav12 189.12 189.12 192.18 asconhashav12 191.75 191.95 192.69 T:luffa256 195.86 196.21 199.02 T:ripemd160 207.38 207.38 209.33 T:skein512256 208.62 208.62 210.30 T:skein512512 211.48 211.79 213.58 sha224 213.06 213.50 214.64 sha256 215.21 216.03 222.05 T:nasha256 218.98 219.25 219.38 T:cubehash512 225.62 225.62 227.52 T:bmw256 231.12 231.24 232.58 prh42s1024 244.90 246.01 247.44 T:blake64 252.25 252.25 254.29 asconxofv12 252.25 252.25 256.26 asconhashv12 252.69 252.81 256.40 T:sarmal256 255.43 257.41 257.83 prh64s512 255.12 257.54 261.77 T:k12 259.88 259.88 261.39 T:sneikha256 271.12 271.69 273.17 T:bmw512 275.50 275.50 275.62 blake512 279.15 279.40 281.46 T:shavite3256 284.50 284.59 284.75 T:luffa384 294.39 295.82 299.62 T:sarmal512 312.19 312.98 320.01 T:cheetah256 333.31 333.60 335.08 sha384 335.05 336.00 336.77 T:shamashashv1 336.62 336.65 338.22 sha512 348.62 348.62 349.00 T:shabal256 350.25 350.25 350.25 T:shabal512 397.00 397.00 398.95 sha3256 397.00 397.00 398.97 sha3224 397.50 397.50 399.17 sha3512 393.81 399.40 399.75 T:drygascon128 405.50 405.50 406.98 sha3384 406.62 406.66 408.68 shake256 407.12 407.12 408.19 shake128 411.00 411.02 412.31 T:saturninhashv2 411.03 416.35 424.31 T:nasha512 420.62 420.62 424.54 T:jh256 420.75 420.84 426.43 T:jh224 420.88 420.88 421.02 T:jh512 420.88 420.88 427.43 T:jh384 440.25 440.42 440.92 T:keccakc1024 441.98 442.00 442.10 T:luffa512 440.53 443.26 450.77 T:keccak 445.39 447.12 451.69 T:keccakc512 446.45 447.88 454.97 T:keccakc768 450.91 454.01 464.03 T:keccakc256 440.72 456.38 456.38 T:mcssha4 457.50 457.50 457.62 T:triadhashv1 454.48 458.98 469.71 T:keccakc448 458.38 460.16 464.08 T:cubehash832 461.23 463.95 466.88 T:cubehash816 469.54 473.44 474.12 T:mcssha6 472.73 474.67 477.85 T:groestl256 476.38 476.88 482.12 prh64s1024 488.62 488.62 489.47 T:round3jh256 485.42 489.00 489.27 T:round3jh512 489.00 489.19 489.29 T:clxhash 491.05 491.43 493.31 T:whirlpool 491.67 492.98 496.29 T:cubehash88 490.25 493.51 500.26 asconhashabi32v12 515.16 516.07 516.41 T:knot256v1 525.00 525.75 530.01 T:cubehash84 569.71 569.90 570.00 lsh512 578.25 578.25 579.16 T:esch256v1 578.50 579.04 580.11 T:echo256 581.25 581.25 582.65 T:esch256v2 580.25 581.97 585.91 T:cubehash82 601.98 608.81 613.06 T:photonbeetlehash256rate32v1 620.45 621.19 623.78 T:lux256 629.38 629.38 633.54 asconhashbi32v12 629.88 629.88 630.33 T:skein10241024 638.53 639.49 640.60 T:bblake256 646.25 646.25 646.38 T:knot256v2 648.88 648.88 651.54 T:romulush 689.12 689.12 689.88 T:coral256v1 685.59 690.55 700.23 T:cheetah512 686.67 691.19 698.97 T:rfsb509 700.33 700.71 701.70 T:fugue256 717.25 723.74 791.31 T:simd512 726.88 727.69 731.50 T:cubehash81 739.25 739.25 739.92 T:sneikha384 747.25 747.33 747.50 T:cubehash1632 799.12 799.12 799.24 T:mcssha5 825.24 827.00 830.48 T:cubehash1616 875.38 877.51 881.03 T:cubehash168 890.38 890.38 891.00 T:esch384v1 895.00 895.05 897.02 T:esch384v2 906.67 909.88 919.83 T:shavite3512 944.56 944.75 945.81 T:essence224 947.50 947.50 947.50 T:essence256 948.39 950.50 954.29 T:cubehash164 968.00 971.65 1023.91 T:drygascon256 995.41 995.62 996.62 T:lux512 1029.88 1034.44 1042.80 T:simd256 1081.38 1083.00 1086.94 T:cubehash162 1146.50 1146.50 1147.68 T:fugue2 1169.39 1169.75 1170.67 T:essence384 1170.88 1170.88 1173.64 T:keccakc256treed2 1174.25 1174.25 1174.57 T:keccakc512treed2 1183.10 1183.46 1184.38 T:essence512 1181.23 1185.53 1200.94 T:lane256 1235.88 1235.88 1236.22 T:knot384 1378.23 1378.90 1382.88 T:cubehash161 1410.51 1410.75 1412.41 T:echosp256 1425.86 1427.52 1436.69 T:groestl512 1511.15 1511.59 1516.89 T:fugue384 1545.50 1545.50 1545.50 T:knot512 1666.10 1666.42 1667.99 T:echo512 1751.42 1754.89 1760.66 T:echosp512 2462.79 2466.39 2478.00 T:fugue512 2812.07 2813.33 2815.54 T:atelopus32 2820.16 2835.27 2847.23 T:md6d224 2879.06 2884.04 2887.72 T:mgrostl256 3012.04 3023.33 3037.01 T:md6d256 3125.31 3154.39 3181.65 T:fsb256 3871.85 3880.66 3885.88 T:md6d384 3990.15 3991.01 3992.32 T:atelopus64 4063.17 4066.20 4070.89 T:sivrijndael256hash256v1 4243.83 4250.54 4252.29 T:subterraneanv1 7681.73 7681.88 7684.53 T:syconhash256v1 12151.38 12166.60 12179.86 T:lane512 14256.62 14257.35 14260.92 T:skinnyhashtk2 14824.88 14859.35 14941.39 T:acehash256v1 15208.26 15209.33 15213.28 T:skinnyhashtk3 17058.98 17075.84 17170.00 T:sivtemphotonhashv1 42890.25 42895.71 42903.70 T:gage1h256c256r128 55650.52 55697.01 55762.52 T:gage1h256c224r032 58007.56 59068.45 59074.95 T:heron256v1 60517.60 60517.75 60520.93 T:orangishv1 65210.04 65210.12 65215.99 T:gage1h256c224r064 71616.56 71616.62 71636.15 T:gage1h256c256r064 119466.25 119467.29 119498.26 T:gage1h256c256r032 129659.25 129659.44 129703.06 T:gage1h256c512r064 187535.95 187545.16 187605.56 T:gage1h256c224r016 212345.92 212347.31 212403.57 T:gage1h256c256r016 219163.52 219170.19 219242.60 T:gage1h256c512r032 352334.53 352376.00 352432.95 T:gage1h256c224r008 12888294.91 12893071.97 12897701.27 T:fsb512