Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: armeabi; ARM1176 (410fb767); 2011 Broadcom BCM2835; 1 x 1000MHz; berry0, supercop-20240909
[Page version: 20260221 06:44:50]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 686847 | 689707 | 707260 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 965860 | 975469 | 995083 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 1580374 | 1585061 | 1606542 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 1615155 | 1620445 | 1650005 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 2190891 | 2203279 | 2231088 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 3037406 | 3048655 | 3077380 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 57487591 | 57545624 | 57634731 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 102261401 | 102470021 | 102731464 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 114374794 | 114446261 | 114610621 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 137692334 | 138362399 | 139499327 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 176111120 | 176468010 | 176748502 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 197720375 | 199592561 | 201847480 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 218240221 | 218313154 | 218493170 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 228422305 | 228744680 | 229212383 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 256793339 | 257639003 | 259501403 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 290484198 | 290831221 | 291482644 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 308019482 | 308443294 | 308951596 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 348996642 | 351290162 | 354387004 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 360483039 | 361484275 | 363243275 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 402012680 | 402442272 | 403105523 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 595657000 | 597284213 | 601227622 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 758913582 | 759544125 | 760189639 | T: lotus128 |
| 790625339? | 1318659996? | 1969411237? | T: ronald1024 |
| 732682779? | 1342674713? | 2027826520? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 894470361? | 1384850927? | 2056072635? | T: rsa2048 |
| 1839339077 | 1839852617 | 1841009375 | T: lotus192 |
| 2590169687 | 2590438324 | 2591516897 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 3391463646 | 3392226399 | 3393217221 | T: lotus256 |
| 2355834481? | 4077194844? | 5662524971? | T: ronald1536 |
| 4787219551? | 8162940452? | 12204074989? | T: ronald2048 |
| 14166169190? | 19447850114? | 31094848127? | T: ronald3072 |
| 34334000777 | 35103599051 | 36213479242 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 220650 | 241750 | 251940 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 219209 | 242045 | 257727 | T: rsa2048 |
| 426815 | 451007 | 476920 | T: ronald1024 |
| 606193 | 616820 | 663326 | T: ronald1536 |
| 862728 | 893064 | 942540 | T: ronald2048 |
| 1322680 | 1334127 | 1367615 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1365604 | 1369258 | 1377490 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 1548811 | 1587663 | 1639116 | T: ronald3072 |
| 1775630 | 1792237 | 1830617 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1897088 | 1918749 | 1936823 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 2121505 | 2129455 | 2176550 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 2501338 | 2519745 | 2564022 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2552935 | 2574552 | 2617029 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2596511 | 2620863 | 2684795 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 3010841 | 3045779 | 3084725 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 3095333 | 3111725 | 3161640 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 3182748 | 3194813 | 3245620 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 3206042 | 3253105 | 3294293 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 3913000 | 3963915 | 4012145 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 4308664 | 4329314 | 4376720 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 4736263 | 4792713 | 4845363 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 5171032 | 5210570 | 5252375 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 5964480 | 6005184 | 6031621 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 7006160 | 7050918 | 7091197 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 13987230 | 14022210 | 14086075 | T: lotus128 |
| 21589510 | 21616250 | 21667565 | T: lotus192 |
| 30847373 | 30893218 | 30974005 | T: lotus256 |
| 36394453 | 36465898 | 36553290 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 54797979 | 54864675 | 54965063 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 109501504 | 109621038 | 109745726 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 187759150 | 188193135 | 188603537 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 362574422 | 363148377 | 363712879 | T: r5n15pke0d |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 2004198 | 2014093 | 2036645 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 2766272 | 2819158 | 2837095 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 4009998 | 4053585 | 4114522 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 4545761 | 4591137 | 4634343 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 4762167 | 4800920 | 4840380 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 4927163 | 4988785 | 5030177 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 5067213 | 5130263 | 5181295 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 5579908 | 5620975 | 5668570 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 6317820 | 6372953 | 6388187 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 6615552 | 6721995 | 6859669 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 6946327 | 7026434 | 7140112 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 7004367 | 7060715 | 7127695 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 7880628 | 7927907 | 7983183 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 8301510 | 8356376 | 8407732 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 8943605 | 9022287 | 9117885 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 9069222 | 9078478 | 9095020 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 10069783 | 10110110 | 10167282 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 12007603 | 12084485 | 12250183 | T: ronald1024 |
| 12472485 | 12576067 | 12628812 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 17431717 | 17459175 | 17474180 | T: lotus128 |
| 22908338 | 22951940 | 22997764 | T: rsa2048 |
| 22909877 | 22975177 | 23036160 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 27765393 | 27807435 | 27859868 | T: lotus192 |
| 30445308 | 30550893 | 30688438 | T: ronald1536 |
| 40591726 | 40639243 | 40713078 | T: lotus256 |
| 56391598 | 56463888 | 56579748 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 64181191 | 64369486 | 64716856 | T: ronald2048 |
| 115044979 | 115190399 | 115286334 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 119056869 | 119197399 | 119373006 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 187289709 | 187565517 | 187910339 | T: ronald3072 |
| 369016215 | 369638212 | 370756432 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1243489798 | 1244098291 | 1245076478 | T: pqrsa15 |
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