Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Skylake (506e3); 2015 Intel Core i5-6500T; 4 x 2500MHz; thinksky, supercop-20251222
[Page version: 20260221 06:44:50]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 528059 | 530341 | 533048 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 610288 | 613009 | 616090 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 1039926 | 1043157 | 1049000 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1538873 | 1542959 | 1549565 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1691824 | 1693491 | 1709591 | T: C:3hfe |
| 9297257 | 9338392 | 9435054 | T: lotus128 |
| 17805630 | 17967593 | 18125702 | T: lotus192 |
| 20752861 | 20829017 | 20896195 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 27391468 | 27879455 | 27961115 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 29901248 | 30337548 | 30625003 | T: lotus256 |
| 29651555 | 30445369 | 31772294 | T: C:mceliece |
| 36466817 | 36737706 | 37106682 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 32457035? | 45140255? | 63023304? | T: ronald1024 |
| 46687847 | 46887211 | 47691957 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 52408290 | 53212092 | 53980388 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 61894383 | 62152394 | 62635206 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 70114402 | 70698086 | 71106872 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 77607570 | 77747187 | 77853084 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 83104727 | 83300252 | 83451697 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 95597058 | 96581950 | 97026870 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 97114493 | 97343929 | 97717961 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 55139299? | 100129952? | 163789217? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 65614656? | 103565125? | 146430892? | T: rsa2048 |
| 107520104 | 107651462 | 107909291 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 158738291 | 159088136 | 159927315 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 198427802? | 265410951? | 373512453? | T: ronald1536 |
| 332413662? | 440398699? | 646968216? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1041055905? | 1525794063? | 2183538603? | T: ronald3072 |
| 3014576362? | 4267541615? | 5882746405? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 3982 | 3993 | 4026 | T: C:3hfe |
| 21128 | 21847 | 22561 | T: rsa2048 |
| 21226 | 21977 | 22529 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 35877 | 36146 | 36741 | T: ronald1024 |
| 41783 | 42066 | 42390 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 45860 | 46969 | 47411 | T: ronald1536 |
| 47436 | 47754 | 47981 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 51069 | 51608 | 52344 | T: C:mceliece |
| 59310 | 60090 | 61404 | T: ronald2048 |
| 68232 | 68561 | 68899 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 87798 | 88082 | 88521 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 93202 | 94393 | 96238 | T: ronald3072 |
| 106200 | 106815 | 107525 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 143000 | 143872 | 146577 | T: ronald4096 |
| 146153 | 146535 | 146866 | T: lotus128 |
| 209847 | 210271 | 210740 | T: lotus192 |
| 297561 | 298169 | 298934 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 299547 | 300681 | 301716 | T: lotus256 |
| 398175 | 400085 | 400914 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 491200 | 492148 | 494532 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 580879 | 581453 | 582173 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 594604 | 595624 | 597196 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 600870 | 607780 | 625823 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 694195 | 696566 | 699519 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 747096 | 748472 | 762842 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 933358 | 954903 | 966066 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1126745 | 1130012 | 1142358 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1223436 | 1226697 | 1230207 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1614931 | 1616360 | 1619066 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 45269 | 45415 | 45606 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 50929 | 51055 | 51389 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 74832 | 75032 | 75447 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 101168 | 101658 | 102397 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 135142 | 136769 | 139128 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 105042? | 154707? | 186779? | T: C:3hfe |
| 169586 | 169842 | 170152 | T: lotus128 |
| 248693 | 249231 | 249754 | T: lotus192 |
| 363095 | 364334 | 365792 | T: lotus256 |
| 850934 | 853493 | 859080 | T: C:mceliece |
| 908279 | 911860 | 915984 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 902634 | 917305 | 927841 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1198444 | 1203306 | 1211063 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1220963 | 1226393 | 1233264 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1467384 | 1473669 | 1488304 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1503249 | 1507879 | 1512608 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1753741 | 1757779 | 1762246 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1761238 | 1766993 | 1771145 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1800290 | 1805901 | 1814360 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2081527 | 2082707 | 2083859 | T: rsa2048 |
| 2086566 | 2088674 | 2092780 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 2092702 | 2099250 | 2106604 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2130125 | 2142692 | 2158234 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2254536 | 2261340 | 2268465 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2341457 | 2357262 | 2371769 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2977222 | 2986848 | 2992077 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 3463994 | 3491058 | 3548748 | T: ronald2048 |
| 8658253 | 8683224 | 8710703 | T: ronald3072 |
| 17674114 | 17708740 | 17752593 | T: ronald4096 |
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