Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Skylake (506e3); 2015 Intel Core i5-6500T; 4 x 2500MHz; thinksky, supercop-20260217
[Page version: 20260319 20:29:17]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 56798 | 57406 | 58209 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 70665 | 71217 | 72222 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 96710 | 97429 | 98266 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 104174 | 104965 | 106058 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 119816 | 120354 | 121329 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 177550 | 178962 | 180963 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 456117 | 457760 | 459851 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 530060 | 535026 | 543137 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 611850 | 614391 | 617520 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 1024077 | 1026971 | 1031180 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1040572 | 1044703 | 1049993 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1299134 | 1306559 | 1313351 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1533025 | 1537918 | 1543582 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1689104 | 1696490 | 1723188 | T: C:3hfe |
| 2448008 | 2460827 | 2511621 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3309368 | 3335321 | 3412326 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3458512 | 3464614 | 3567528 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 4170984? | 4244749? | 5937784? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 3836227? | 4343037? | 5830055? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 5825258 | 5872877 | 6332680 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 5791492? | 6924991? | 8969767? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7199896 | 7228398 | 7270967 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 7887534 | 7913533 | 8198008 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 9365514 | 9381418 | 10040222 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 9401320 | 9499955 | 9612451 | T: lotus128 |
| 9489348 | 9519024 | 10881502 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 10945025 | 10978569 | 11067456 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 11296019 | 11641762 | 12801470 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 12775095 | 12815521 | 12915831 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 14355912 | 14376911 | 17733904 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 17854877 | 17913492 | 18001724 | T: lotus192 |
| 19307688 | 19337085 | 21732311 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 19710395 | 20294451 | 22436139 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 20756257 | 20867696 | 20966902 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 27346363 | 27630202 | 27947918 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 30302120 | 30842092 | 31993820 | T: lotus256 |
| 30410701 | 31370500 | 33064749 | T: C:mceliece |
| 31589103 | 31826367 | 32489596 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 32159114 | 33958364 | 35906054 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 37336430 | 38106988 | 38654939 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 48246161 | 49251873 | 49667408 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 38115526? | 53608178? | 71529078? | T: ronald1024 |
| 53616045 | 54558562 | 55342450 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 61866226 | 62008729 | 62187374 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 70240643 | 70721570 | 71511111 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 77637180 | 77773444 | 77919569 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 83215370 | 83535200 | 85028757 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 53298564? | 92223314? | 140145773? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 95232899 | 95721765 | 96426170 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 60907992? | 95833446? | 153808644? | T: rsa2048 |
| 97248061 | 97777223 | 98469708 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 107457487 | 107682775 | 107934037 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 158945740 | 159580271 | 160631345 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 144017602? | 216967768? | 335965502? | T: ronald1536 |
| 294583315? | 438540296? | 723219725? | T: ronald2048 |
| 887834510? | 1462884844? | 2143474457? | T: ronald3072 |
| 3104647060 | 3180330876 | 3277861178 | T: pqrsa15 |
| -1487965735 | 3189558983 | 5013194448 | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 3949 | 3968 | 3982 | T: C:3hfe |
| 20878 | 21503 | 22804 | T: rsa2048 |
| 21017 | 21512 | 22736 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 39512 | 39831 | 43098 | T: ronald1024 |
| 41912 | 42230 | 42626 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 47440 | 47693 | 47984 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 49278 | 51126 | 54099 | T: ronald1536 |
| 51257 | 52066 | 52690 | T: C:mceliece |
| 62007 | 64430 | 67532 | T: ronald2048 |
| 68241 | 68632 | 68972 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 87878 | 88330 | 88663 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 97839 | 101904 | 105491 | T: ronald3072 |
| 105853 | 106426 | 107218 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 106291 | 106941 | 107537 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 141425 | 142450 | 143360 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 147526 | 148147 | 149046 | T: lotus128 |
| 148349 | 150860 | 155528 | T: ronald4096 |
| 188449 | 189218 | 190330 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 192032 | 193133 | 194317 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 210758 | 211706 | 212467 | T: lotus192 |
| 239544 | 240583 | 241688 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 293039 | 297770 | 299398 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 298170 | 300394 | 303299 | T: lotus256 |
| 306393 | 307897 | 309375 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 391478 | 394616 | 411126 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 490980 | 492333 | 493636 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 579682 | 580789 | 581865 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 597109 | 598678 | 602584 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 602538 | 606328 | 610987 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 618841 | 619312 | 620319 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 664153 | 664792 | 665719 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 692199 | 693736 | 697035 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 733464 | 734644 | 735419 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 748374 | 749518 | 751490 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 751661 | 756716 | 760594 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 821094 | 821770 | 822664 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 895955 | 896674 | 897543 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 932072 | 932922 | 934533 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1047902 | 1048911 | 1051034 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1096839 | 1100261 | 1104045 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1117997 | 1123356 | 1128198 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1216703 | 1221574 | 1223967 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1367191 | 1372862 | 1379297 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1406991 | 1410997 | 1415644 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1427789 | 1432079 | 1436703 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1434715 | 1436581 | 1440305 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1617236 | 1620721 | 1624745 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1790783 | 1798442 | 1811984 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1905219 | 1906751 | 1911831 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 2257162 | 2262556 | 2267332 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2359727 | 2360774 | 2365205 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2456090 | 2459972 | 2464676 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2583017 | 2591771 | 2668748 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 2639211 | 2644915 | 2663782 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2927193 | 2931524 | 2937132 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 3262135 | 3269570 | 3289597 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 3363402 | 3367268 | 3373837 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 18145901 | 18165577 | 18336330 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 45029 | 45376 | 46661 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 50987 | 51140 | 51453 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 74984 | 75495 | 76171 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 101319 | 101723 | 102596 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 104970 | 105373 | 118999 | T: C:3hfe |
| 106588 | 107522 | 110768 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 134978 | 136492 | 138984 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 164514 | 166288 | 170388 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 170630 | 170991 | 173040 | T: lotus128 |
| 228625 | 230754 | 237683 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 237882 | 239422 | 243263 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 249090 | 250612 | 250921 | T: lotus192 |
| 300500 | 304210 | 309165 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 361462 | 363364 | 365677 | T: lotus256 |
| 426054 | 427643 | 431614 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 747643 | 752901 | 756742 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 835994 | 842659 | 848149 | T: C:mceliece |
| 911711 | 920444 | 929450 | T: ronald1024 |
| 939703 | 944900 | 954056 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1239878 | 1248883 | 1256142 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1267864 | 1274776 | 1289341 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1524707 | 1535870 | 1550032 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1557343 | 1568258 | 1581583 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1799318 | 1802805 | 1806418 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1814121 | 1825461 | 1833937 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1842505 | 1848889 | 1857881 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1858203 | 1866230 | 1875158 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2079098 | 2084139 | 2176881 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 2085896 | 2092112 | 2105217 | T: rsa2048 |
| 2148770 | 2155120 | 2160695 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2158302 | 2168782 | 2179043 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2210498 | 2231656 | 2248625 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2253068 | 2260297 | 2278331 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 2314051 | 2325731 | 2367568 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2350109 | 2362265 | 2378219 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2598518 | 2610848 | 2621183 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 2788672 | 2818817 | 2835529 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3097428 | 3104334 | 3112842 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 3112721 | 3146994 | 3177986 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 3144780 | 3158870 | 3180092 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 3462454 | 3478935 | 3496544 | T: ronald2048 |
| 3731654 | 3748131 | 3761057 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 5843822 | 5890835 | 5928331 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 6511473 | 6522568 | 6532679 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 6646732 | 6662232 | 6711293 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7667232 | 7691699 | 7801034 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 8680795 | 8718205 | 8919396 | T: ronald3072 |
| 9261106 | 9340647 | 9382616 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 9420807 | 9437073 | 9454832 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 10540597 | 10560562 | 10581758 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 13075651 | 13117850 | 13247858 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 14114869 | 14138205 | 14175824 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 16376624 | 16402165 | 16426686 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 17716351 | 17788162 | 18269662 | T: ronald4096 |
| 18679161 | 18754211 | 18876406 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 19434490 | 19625611 | 19768009 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 20159563 | 20228942 | 20359907 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 106535512 | 106622042 | 106732277 | T: pqrsa15 |
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