Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Skylake (506e3); 2015 Intel Core i5-6500T; 4 x 2500MHz; thinksky, supercop-20260831
[Page version: 20260905 10:39:45]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 56547 | 57180 | 57951 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 70513 | 71149 | 71863 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 96588 | 97314 | 98096 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 104243 | 105098 | 106072 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 119962 | 120901 | 121786 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 178001 | 179449 | 181157 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 456236 | 458077 | 459834 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 529043 | 531426 | 533978 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 610412 | 613577 | 616240 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 1024171 | 1027869 | 1030784 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1040032 | 1044519 | 1048465 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1304143 | 1313030 | 1326467 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1534772 | 1540163 | 1545667 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 2448008 | 2460827 | 2511621 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3309368 | 3335321 | 3412326 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3458512 | 3464614 | 3567528 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 4170984? | 4244749? | 5937784? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 3836227? | 4343037? | 5830055? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 5825258 | 5872877 | 6332680 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 5791492? | 6924991? | 8969767? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7199896 | 7228398 | 7270967 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 7887534 | 7913533 | 8198008 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 9365514 | 9381418 | 10040222 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 9489348 | 9519024 | 10881502 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 10375198 | 10383214 | 10402705 | T: lotus128 |
| 10945025 | 10978569 | 11067456 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 11296019 | 11641762 | 12801470 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 12775095 | 12815521 | 12915831 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 14355912 | 14376911 | 17733904 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 17676673 | 17734118 | 18101882 | T: lotus192 |
| 19307688 | 19337085 | 21732311 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 19710395 | 20294451 | 22436139 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 20709051 | 20812568 | 20909577 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 27346363 | 27630202 | 27947918 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 30022757 | 30224823 | 30519951 | T: lotus256 |
| 29549662 | 30320574 | 31462705 | T: C:mceliece |
| 31646224 | 31793766 | 32133648 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 32159114 | 33958364 | 35906054 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 37336430 | 38106988 | 38654939 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 48246161 | 49251873 | 49667408 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 53616045 | 54558562 | 55342450 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 39424486? | 59791751? | 83965988? | T: ronald1024 |
| 61866226 | 62008729 | 62187374 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 70240643 | 70721570 | 71511111 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 77637180 | 77773444 | 77919569 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 83215370 | 83535200 | 85028757 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 57828789? | 93602988? | 143715894? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 95232899 | 95721765 | 96426170 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 97248061 | 97777223 | 98469708 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 60675366? | 104872442? | 166669511? | T: rsa2048 |
| 107457487 | 107682775 | 107934037 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 158945740 | 159580271 | 160631345 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 178036353? | 279851256? | 402728483? | T: ronald1536 |
| 277309568? | 437760309? | 713112105? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1054410295? | 1660802228? | 2474094401? | T: ronald3072 |
| 3082271292 | 3161383806 | 3261534167 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 2782492533? | 4148317957? | 5906889052? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 20873 | 21504 | 23072 | T: rsa2048 |
| 21117 | 21895 | 23208 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 36144 | 36516 | 37195 | T: ronald1024 |
| 41922 | 42177 | 42494 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 46222 | 46786 | 47889 | T: ronald1536 |
| 47445 | 47740 | 48104 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 51678 | 52236 | 52781 | T: C:mceliece |
| 59364 | 60251 | 61267 | T: ronald2048 |
| 68164 | 68547 | 68915 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 87841 | 88180 | 88543 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 94110 | 95294 | 97273 | T: ronald3072 |
| 106009 | 106702 | 107498 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 106740 | 107200 | 107637 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 139944 | 141443 | 143077 | T: ronald4096 |
| 141584 | 142521 | 143444 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 145103 | 145660 | 146312 | T: lotus128 |
| 187798 | 188899 | 189772 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 191909 | 192790 | 193752 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 211013 | 212026 | 212691 | T: lotus192 |
| 238881 | 240221 | 241841 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 293039 | 297770 | 299398 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 297267 | 299785 | 301061 | T: lotus256 |
| 307291 | 308922 | 310095 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 391478 | 394616 | 411126 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 490980 | 492333 | 493636 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 579682 | 580789 | 581865 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 597109 | 598678 | 602584 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 602538 | 606328 | 610987 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 618841 | 619312 | 620319 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 663627 | 664896 | 666264 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 692199 | 693736 | 697035 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 733464 | 734644 | 735419 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 748374 | 749518 | 751490 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 751661 | 756716 | 760594 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 821094 | 821770 | 822664 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 895955 | 896674 | 897543 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 932072 | 932922 | 934533 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1047902 | 1048911 | 1051034 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1096839 | 1100261 | 1104045 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1117997 | 1123356 | 1128198 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1216703 | 1221574 | 1223967 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1367191 | 1372862 | 1379297 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1409183 | 1413892 | 1420559 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1427789 | 1432079 | 1436703 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1434715 | 1436581 | 1440305 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1617236 | 1620721 | 1624745 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1790606 | 1795048 | 1804749 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1905219 | 1906751 | 1911831 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 2257162 | 2262556 | 2267332 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2359727 | 2360774 | 2365205 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2456090 | 2459972 | 2464676 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2587235 | 2597662 | 2615091 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 2639211 | 2644915 | 2663782 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2927193 | 2931524 | 2937132 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 3262135 | 3269570 | 3289597 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 3363402 | 3367268 | 3373837 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 17413405 | 17425434 | 17438040 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 45191 | 45344 | 45708 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 50869 | 51071 | 51491 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 74973 | 75367 | 76129 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 101447 | 101755 | 102794 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 106179 | 107236 | 109905 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 134839 | 136238 | 138354 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 164625 | 165861 | 170268 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 182585 | 183203 | 184831 | T: lotus128 |
| 228562 | 232460 | 238879 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 235898 | 238317 | 242129 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 248403 | 250632 | 250926 | T: lotus192 |
| 303234 | 304883 | 309109 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 359845 | 361377 | 362315 | T: lotus256 |
| 427377 | 429238 | 432043 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 744007 | 745009 | 745778 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 840168 | 841875 | 845522 | T: C:mceliece |
| 904071 | 915166 | 923969 | T: ronald1024 |
| 939703 | 944900 | 954056 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1239878 | 1248883 | 1256142 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1267864 | 1274776 | 1289341 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1524707 | 1535870 | 1550032 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1557343 | 1568258 | 1581583 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1801157 | 1803927 | 1816626 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1814121 | 1825461 | 1833937 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1842505 | 1848889 | 1857881 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1858203 | 1866230 | 1875158 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2080574 | 2083234 | 2084262 | T: rsa2048 |
| 2084576 | 2086307 | 2090264 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 2135860 | 2138688 | 2149070 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2158302 | 2168782 | 2179043 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2210498 | 2231656 | 2248625 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2253068 | 2260297 | 2278331 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 2314051 | 2325731 | 2367568 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2348170 | 2367317 | 2392278 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2598518 | 2610848 | 2621183 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 2788672 | 2818817 | 2835529 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3097428 | 3104334 | 3112842 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 3112721 | 3146994 | 3177986 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 3144780 | 3158870 | 3180092 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 3460951 | 3478498 | 3499320 | T: ronald2048 |
| 3731654 | 3748131 | 3761057 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 5843822 | 5890835 | 5928331 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 6511473 | 6522568 | 6532679 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 6646732 | 6662232 | 6711293 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7667232 | 7691699 | 7801034 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 8642643 | 8671498 | 8699283 | T: ronald3072 |
| 9296216 | 9314323 | 9766703 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 9420807 | 9437073 | 9454832 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 10540597 | 10560562 | 10581758 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 13075651 | 13117850 | 13247858 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 14114869 | 14138205 | 14175824 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 16376624 | 16402165 | 16426686 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 17637065 | 17679486 | 18196342 | T: ronald4096 |
| 18679161 | 18754211 | 18876406 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 19434490 | 19625611 | 19768009 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 20159563 | 20228942 | 20359907 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 106460758 | 106486037 | 106519081 | T: pqrsa15 |
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