Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Broadwell+AES (306d4); 2015 Intel Core i3-5005U; 2 x 1900MHz; shoe, supercop-20251222
[Page version: 20260221 06:44:50]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 57144 | 57841 | 58707 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 75873 | 77021 | 78077 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 107740 | 108546 | 109387 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 113790 | 115848 | 117737 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 142070 | 143025 | 146467 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 192149 | 194088 | 195633 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 447921 | 450959 | 452233 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 513890 | 516956 | 520290 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 539273 | 541886 | 562977 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 877572 | 881293 | 885510 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1204798 | 1209832 | 1250618 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1264758 | 1269491 | 1274182 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1636744 | 1642715 | 1666316 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2813502 | 2818906 | 2823861 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3495075 | 3498896 | 3613920 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3699852 | 3705882 | 3738337 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 4437500? | 4445202? | 6080016? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 4238451? | 4663430? | 6544645? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 6113098 | 6116352 | 6853557 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 6302884? | 6316117? | 9112800? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7717675 | 7735856 | 7741926 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 8937020 | 8960124 | 9199738 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 10157189? | 10260115? | 13658900? | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 10026624 | 10278830 | 10391132 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 12502304 | 12553168 | 12810938 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 12639443 | 12704304 | 14090928 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 13643492 | 14008570 | 14305224 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 15861123 | 16022418 | 16441406 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 17756781 | 17883821 | 18179278 | T: lotus128 |
| 20079521 | 20118687 | 21826247 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 20357033 | 20603948 | 24035846 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 30571528 | 30734524 | 30970483 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 30397654 | 31113990 | 32696985 | T: C:mceliece |
| 32618490 | 32778604 | 32974168 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 33280758 | 35523722 | 37880845 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 35412481 | 35818485 | 36147178 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 35589064 | 35996282 | 36182079 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 35215552 | 36210195 | 36264641 | T: lotus192 |
| 50779214 | 51127184 | 51902408 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 52235556 | 52596764 | 52917842 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 34199892? | 64837192? | 146763273? | T: ronald1024 |
| 64338977 | 65054689 | 65708800 | T: lotus256 |
| 70946441 | 71380946 | 71795070 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 72171059 | 72313921 | 72403128 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 89692680 | 89799352 | 89875468 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 94546321 | 95157419 | 95846761 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 97009767 | 97170626 | 97327381 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 101371050 | 101628278 | 102309536 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 64984311? | 111551860? | 199244767? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 68581751? | 114703589? | 173183186? | T: rsa2048 |
| 125333106 | 125463041 | 125552245 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 166373226 | 166942392 | 167785023 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 130061297? | 249053487? | 401822035? | T: ronald1536 |
| 250838911? | 465747647? | 754948287? | T: ronald2048 |
| 571078951? | 1115256053? | 2181905487? | T: ronald3072 |
| 3262248099 | 3352164347 | 3441780282 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 2131005451? | 3718095082? | 5962389226? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 21572 | 21860 | 22813 | T: rsa2048 |
| 21599 | 22472 | 23116 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 36517 | 37130 | 37872 | T: ronald1024 |
| 42422 | 42695 | 42946 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 45336 | 45796 | 46436 | T: C:mceliece |
| 46767 | 47336 | 50640 | T: ronald1536 |
| 48107 | 48433 | 48706 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 61537 | 65124 | 67890 | T: ronald2048 |
| 68619 | 68951 | 69357 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 87788 | 88221 | 88751 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 98512 | 99167 | 99696 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 102768 | 104182 | 108125 | T: ronald3072 |
| 112767 | 113933 | 114767 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 138024 | 139607 | 141532 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 151162 | 156701 | 163855 | T: ronald4096 |
| 180146 | 181325 | 183270 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 204789 | 206885 | 215277 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 251554 | 252644 | 253783 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 304014 | 315552 | 318086 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 320172 | 322200 | 323125 | T: lotus128 |
| 328395 | 329273 | 334655 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 434427 | 435546 | 444588 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 490499 | 499364 | 501542 | T: lotus192 |
| 545483 | 546118 | 547058 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 603190 | 607560 | 611813 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 610514 | 611898 | 613899 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 641157 | 642048 | 643209 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 658200 | 659184 | 660191 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 736715 | 739092 | 741166 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 735908 | 740626 | 750728 | T: lotus256 |
| 750065 | 752361 | 753990 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 754304 | 755824 | 756146 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 776224 | 777524 | 779385 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 790886 | 799125 | 801255 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 805170 | 806075 | 806602 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 889948 | 891017 | 891621 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 946791 | 948028 | 949668 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1062149 | 1063698 | 1067923 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1128145 | 1131827 | 1136696 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1201096 | 1211179 | 1228091 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1277257 | 1277901 | 1279390 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1428078 | 1428979 | 1449526 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1471770 | 1472659 | 1473607 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1548573 | 1576953 | 1594572 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1644588 | 1645931 | 1647891 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1655956 | 1661810 | 1665214 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1856921 | 1879216 | 1880145 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 2138378 | 2153016 | 2158864 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2212066 | 2213710 | 2239165 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2211306 | 2214138 | 2235323 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2430458 | 2470616 | 2475157 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2800559 | 2804892 | 2810380 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 2839720 | 2860675 | 2944823 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 3065792 | 3086117 | 3189324 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 3274171 | 3275787 | 3291296 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 3401176 | 3408620 | 3411460 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 17921257 | 17935670 | 17947536 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 51342 | 51812 | 52583 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 57785 | 58197 | 58986 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 83670 | 84399 | 85215 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 112554 | 113050 | 113756 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 113042 | 117581 | 119722 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 154091 | 157010 | 160887 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 181029 | 184483 | 190844 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 233216 | 238378 | 242596 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 274503 | 276894 | 286288 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 340847 | 343319 | 345505 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 393888 | 395377 | 397273 | T: lotus128 |
| 441056 | 451190 | 456042 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 642815 | 659645 | 662672 | T: lotus192 |
| 881540 | 892608 | 905416 | T: ronald1024 |
| 874509 | 901591 | 906398 | T: C:mceliece |
| 898736 | 912364 | 913412 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 930087 | 935257 | 940260 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1023808 | 1067532 | 1074262 | T: lotus256 |
| 1141711 | 1147209 | 1152262 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1245893 | 1253746 | 1261275 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1413402 | 1418533 | 1423962 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1531976 | 1535658 | 1539631 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1714112 | 1720066 | 1727274 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1797473 | 1803185 | 1808109 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1808168 | 1813900 | 1817619 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2069500 | 2078909 | 2151195 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2137119 | 2140645 | 2145132 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2135395 | 2142849 | 2155015 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 2246204 | 2253062 | 2257475 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2261248 | 2263119 | 2264414 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 2251630 | 2286512 | 2374310 | T: rsa2048 |
| 2263150 | 2298190 | 2339712 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 2388505 | 2408539 | 2429388 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2563267 | 2573884 | 2591594 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 2616758 | 2619165 | 2627768 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2829630 | 2866470 | 3067530 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2927727 | 2943513 | 2951078 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 3178320 | 3208605 | 3240358 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 3330782 | 3360984 | 3364753 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 3500117 | 3523021 | 3785286 | T: ronald2048 |
| 3743351 | 3902070 | 3937489 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 6983736 | 7022176 | 7030211 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 6955392 | 7064681 | 7133442 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 7117026 | 7302634 | 7418922 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 8813512 | 8863720 | 9112745 | T: ronald3072 |
| 9105360 | 9204459 | 9374002 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 10517120 | 10748741 | 10881797 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 11096390 | 11222289 | 11239706 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 11740072 | 11786216 | 11825269 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 14494825 | 14527441 | 14628898 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 16357810 | 16507767 | 16590691 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 18007913 | 18773562 | 19463936 | T: ronald4096 |
| 19504108 | 19523813 | 19557504 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 21979500 | 22001402 | 22094330 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 22103489 | 22166497 | 22249429 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 23360900 | 23386048 | 23500693 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 111926344 | 112000410 | 112055490 | T: pqrsa15 |
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