Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Bulldozer (600f20); 2012 AMD FX-8350; 4 x 4000MHz; saber214, supercop-20260627
[Page version: 20260712 20:43:56]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 93340 | 94099 | 95080 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 125108 | 127091 | 134833 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 193753 | 203512 | 205828 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 220812 | 222181 | 223882 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 255615 | 266618 | 268530 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 385543 | 388370 | 391520 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 497402 | 500678 | 505100 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 577185 | 582782 | 590208 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 938297 | 946556 | 954373 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1346599 | 1355958 | 1368653 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 12484197 | 12496350 | 12515676 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 21751376 | 21972044 | 22065869 | T: lotus128 |
| 24113204 | 24130836 | 24158553 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 40144195 | 40168899 | 40254405 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 41231911 | 41527063 | 42154585 | T: lotus192 |
| 47010348 | 47131540 | 47278256 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 47345721 | 49380755 | 53883357 | T: C:mceliece |
| 54995201 | 55226206 | 55424743 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 63414815 | 63815916 | 64468507 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 80404119 | 80589263 | 80753017 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 86387282 | 86478930 | 86536938 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 90041056 | 90544896 | 90988212 | T: lotus256 |
| 90251575 | 90999496 | 92091351 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 103469802 | 103687386 | 103924592 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 104751640 | 104791489 | 105033339 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 115732519 | 116290436 | 117205719 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 118062802 | 118404616 | 121148104 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 130719198 | 130947960 | 131281323 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 132613897 | 134471557 | 136777201 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 140408622 | 140857138 | 141190027 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 98442852? | 147255357? | 212624254? | T: ronald1024 |
| 156896028 | 157345395 | 158022094 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 162558200 | 163055668 | 163806121 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 180132709 | 180335366 | 180662302 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 151009264? | 212106812? | 336454585? | T: rsa2048 |
| 225038853 | 225145690 | 225551430 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 138977150? | 230551359? | 383361929? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 242738870 | 243772427 | 248647798 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 267089478 | 267998383 | 269269687 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 296528068 | 296611923 | 297557861 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 306102574 | 306285491 | 311788976 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 312749868 | 312834855 | 312913320 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 379333312 | 379596057 | 383658010 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 391312478 | 394711162 | 395011858 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 403167755 | 403229623 | 403293832 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 409610090 | 410103278 | 411917595 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 414803963? | 602136352? | 894954377? | T: ronald1536 |
| 676948108 | 677128696 | 677361573 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 805248066 | 805540828 | 810716297 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 917233352 | 918220678 | 920183805 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 947069954 | 947662010 | 952927900 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 995895806 | 997470499 | 999988961 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 1058501594? | 1602814698? | 2346311802? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1991662969 | 1994341678 | 1997624265 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 3591028472? | 5797978023? | 8719224873? | T: ronald3072 |
| 6470999985 | 6604333871 | 6794552068 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 9744450996? | 16328787452? | 23880366852? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 43679 | 44975 | 47278 | T: rsa2048 |
| 44028 | 45220 | 46636 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 51496 | 52132 | 52761 | T: C:mceliece |
| 62218 | 62586 | 63052 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 62909 | 63946 | 70759 | T: ronald1024 |
| 69564 | 70000 | 70592 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 86068 | 89951 | 97223 | T: ronald1536 |
| 102006 | 102758 | 103838 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 115616 | 120362 | 127817 | T: ronald2048 |
| 129225 | 129857 | 130511 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 169620 | 171413 | 177241 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 188776 | 190965 | 192153 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 197462 | 205594 | 214153 | T: ronald3072 |
| 246746 | 249050 | 272391 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 306462 | 316239 | 330954 | T: ronald4096 |
| 352504 | 365608 | 368025 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 389509 | 391820 | 394277 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 403561 | 404156 | 405094 | T: lotus128 |
| 465007 | 465939 | 467830 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 484684 | 486908 | 489467 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 575123 | 580895 | 588480 | T: lotus192 |
| 585062 | 587659 | 591862 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 626085 | 627947 | 629546 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 757169 | 758688 | 760198 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 901390 | 904480 | 909389 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 890453 | 918672 | 944004 | T: lotus256 |
| 924523 | 926480 | 929644 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 961701 | 967953 | 971174 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1084669 | 1086682 | 1089363 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1191032 | 1193852 | 1196543 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1451164 | 1456919 | 1462199 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1750187 | 1759042 | 1767069 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1962530 | 1964827 | 1971193 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2558167 | 2568639 | 2583766 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 6260928 | 6288373 | 6488746 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 10182035 | 10197634 | 10211507 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 11808063 | 11820999 | 11831065 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 12376535 | 12389554 | 12402417 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 13236751 | 13245340 | 13257094 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 14831299 | 14839499 | 14850040 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 14972406 | 14991393 | 15018812 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 17563704 | 17589702 | 17622202 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 19810927 | 19822647 | 19838537 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 21045841 | 21064339 | 21085090 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 28902050 | 28920658 | 28933740 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 35671019 | 35684639 | 35701326 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 36495671 | 36588621 | 36778078 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 37321885 | 37350072 | 37396926 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 39567086 | 39703991 | 39782922 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 42909165 | 42936659 | 42964040 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 49531120 | 49552728 | 49575512 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 51798958 | 51862166 | 51928492 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 58171782 | 58201259 | 58233877 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 64195707 | 64249816 | 64358393 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 90013477 | 90055389 | 90094787 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 92139604 | 92165613 | 92200250 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 107010377 | 107097395 | 107430670 | T: ledapkc54sl |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 76253 | 77099 | 78173 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 86268 | 87911 | 88418 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 128583 | 130778 | 132305 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 170590 | 171712 | 172462 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 229658 | 232042 | 237852 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 294699 | 296366 | 300005 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 354863 | 366839 | 377025 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 474909 | 475657 | 476697 | T: lotus128 |
| 469815 | 477734 | 480083 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 549374 | 553548 | 566035 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 692314 | 694219 | 696664 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 750756 | 756042 | 781695 | T: lotus192 |
| 791756 | 794115 | 797192 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 1035791 | 1043899 | 1051126 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1197148 | 1214985 | 1392984 | T: lotus256 |
| 1383867 | 1396299 | 1411952 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1741779 | 1761374 | 1780858 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1883680 | 1904113 | 1925481 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1894561 | 1908396 | 1934560 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 2255192 | 2276191 | 2295950 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 2359852 | 2378094 | 2403671 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 2676531 | 2693950 | 2715188 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2720313 | 2740031 | 2776015 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2814428 | 2832302 | 2855527 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 3278635 | 3300151 | 3324606 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 3378239 | 3403454 | 3427495 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 3556196 | 3579099 | 3607378 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 4783493 | 4815635 | 4850057 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 4802018 | 4823867 | 4846336 | T: ronald1536 |
| 5130241 | 5143803 | 5159619 | T: rsa2048 |
| 5194777 | 5300448 | 5320440 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 8364778 | 8390028 | 8416107 | T: ronald2048 |
| 10219315 | 10388416 | 10447294 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 10475280 | 10491251 | 10502142 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 10538675 | 10921324 | 10946954 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 11199279 | 11235688 | 11625789 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 13165723 | 13399110 | 13442733 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 15018128 | 15053315 | 15143600 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 15027657 | 15585949 | 15639418 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 20759396 | 20777836 | 20794267 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 21198906 | 21242676 | 21471400 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 23373972 | 23529068 | 23634185 | T: ronald3072 |
| 27093679 | 27145135 | 27891310 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 27562056 | 27948274 | 28528049 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 33524250 | 33713556 | 34499985 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 33623407 | 33888277 | 33974538 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 38412952 | 38434451 | 38486860 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 41389228 | 42177012 | 43820875 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 41881126 | 42978266 | 43031611 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 50401717 | 50570771 | 50702265 | T: ronald4096 |
| 52957135 | 53079187 | 53168851 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 65838649 | 65970603 | 66105456 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 81407748 | 81729165 | 81814241 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 84670064 | 84967963 | 85499183 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 84853272 | 85062311 | 85269942 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 102814588 | 102898664 | 103225600 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 254147914 | 254388815 | 254782374 | T: pqrsa15 |
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