Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Coffee Lake (906ea); 2018 Intel Xeon E-2124; 4 x 3300MHz; r24000, supercop-20260214
[Page version: 20260319 20:29:17]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 57961 | 58551 | 59373 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 71356 | 71999 | 72782 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 97990 | 98662 | 99614 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 101809 | 102504 | 103392 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 120720 | 121409 | 122198 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 184993 | 188200 | 190431 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 446119 | 448828 | 452253 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 455030 | 457266 | 459138 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 517786 | 520740 | 524764 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 870610 | 881417 | 893237 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1010618 | 1013662 | 1017927 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1274475 | 1286524 | 1298363 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1322982 | 1327084 | 1333397 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2432860 | 2444520 | 2460834 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3296883 | 3322250 | 3596067 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3490348 | 3516440 | 3915126 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 3829553? | 4604600? | 5685867? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 4837474? | 5251853? | 6679352? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 5769687 | 5800401 | 6450220 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 5788349? | 5820313? | 8563450? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7101306 | 7122002 | 7160373 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 7925962 | 7954988 | 8158775 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 9338118 | 9345465 | 9873436 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 9444759 | 9466665 | 11431176 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 10313115 | 10358051 | 10618592 | T: lotus128 |
| 10755487 | 10767805 | 10781927 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 11354716 | 11919630 | 12594318 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 12793448 | 12881895 | 12987803 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 14160330 | 14246083 | 17243745 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 18569633 | 18623857 | 18689408 | T: lotus192 |
| 19077138 | 19477690 | 21318106 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 19321491 | 19934412 | 22031481 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 21381299 | 21486006 | 21594656 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 27941916 | 28059514 | 28243599 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 29891762 | 30901261 | 32610860 | T: C:mceliece |
| 30967389 | 31180824 | 31810411 | T: lotus256 |
| 31699008 | 31891936 | 32699461 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 31375839 | 32864712 | 34357534 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 38529042 | 38990107 | 39450376 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 47166754 | 47467078 | 48086492 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 35896916? | 49848716? | 65197464? | T: ronald1024 |
| 54997943 | 55410793 | 56110752 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 63215904 | 63694161 | 63919792 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 74604512 | 74975982 | 75634839 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 79247797 | 79384996 | 79527519 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 84520484 | 84669621 | 84969159 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 95817115 | 96696840 | 97775185 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 98236737 | 98612245 | 99212156 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 61948242? | 101497775? | 143515893? | T: rsa2048 |
| 108013943 | 108174739 | 108389884 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 60519466? | 111051241? | 172555520? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 159096460 | 159898054 | 160899601 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 195119243? | 294310872? | 392856418? | T: ronald1536 |
| 296524926? | 435097218? | 651336239? | T: ronald2048 |
| 851899964? | 1486547493? | 2226463644? | T: ronald3072 |
| 3131262756 | 3255352755 | 3341939222 | T: pqrsa15 |
| -1209445550 | 3393404074 | 5638231874 | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 23522 | 24166 | 25655 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 23659 | 24451 | 25733 | T: rsa2048 |
| 37238 | 37725 | 40889 | T: ronald1024 |
| 43286 | 43528 | 43864 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 46714 | 47242 | 47970 | T: C:mceliece |
| 47073 | 48313 | 52542 | T: ronald1536 |
| 49476 | 49740 | 50100 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 59849 | 62334 | 64859 | T: ronald2048 |
| 71385 | 71725 | 72215 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 88775 | 89221 | 89994 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 96797 | 100559 | 106382 | T: ronald3072 |
| 106353 | 106826 | 107263 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 111071 | 111842 | 112501 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 144930 | 145853 | 146782 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 145694 | 149802 | 156271 | T: ronald4096 |
| 164747 | 166490 | 168938 | T: lotus128 |
| 185012 | 185688 | 186589 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 196466 | 197472 | 198510 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 221604 | 222482 | 223050 | T: lotus192 |
| 243303 | 244708 | 245724 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 303271 | 305696 | 308865 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 311374 | 312056 | 312749 | T: lotus256 |
| 315635 | 319365 | 321501 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 408358 | 414085 | 417437 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 506810 | 513879 | 516584 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 606186 | 607567 | 608812 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 607560 | 609194 | 611189 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 628746 | 631009 | 633323 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 641198 | 642733 | 643855 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 668648 | 670517 | 674229 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 705860 | 707794 | 710258 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 742551 | 743382 | 744232 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 780111 | 783334 | 785862 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 810292 | 811462 | 812564 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 814825 | 816266 | 817533 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 905308 | 906200 | 907129 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 962704 | 966170 | 971535 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1035812 | 1037111 | 1038864 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1129008 | 1131938 | 1135820 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1148332 | 1161419 | 1192910 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1280041 | 1287652 | 1292138 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1397028 | 1399646 | 1403591 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1439172 | 1441798 | 1444875 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1447932 | 1450294 | 1454305 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1551041 | 1553193 | 1554999 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1630283 | 1635226 | 1641685 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1788206 | 1795558 | 1807566 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1901118 | 1902777 | 1905572 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 2132424 | 2134875 | 2145071 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2208968 | 2212465 | 2215570 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2556421 | 2557549 | 2561602 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2646171 | 2672151 | 2677220 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 2923407 | 2925044 | 2929994 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2923862 | 2927463 | 2932774 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 3192858 | 3202061 | 3229554 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 3253054 | 3274090 | 3294450 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 18284476 | 18295818 | 18311930 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 45422 | 45713 | 46156 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 52277 | 52519 | 52817 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 75719 | 76221 | 77151 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 102009 | 103142 | 104412 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 111682 | 112647 | 114855 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 136763 | 137239 | 139555 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 169176 | 171813 | 175850 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 171873 | 172867 | 190629 | T: lotus128 |
| 218334 | 220485 | 227312 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 241053 | 242023 | 246590 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 259400 | 260867 | 261362 | T: lotus192 |
| 305188 | 307504 | 311870 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 375421 | 376097 | 377259 | T: lotus256 |
| 431310 | 435510 | 439264 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 745307 | 746517 | 749677 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 823979 | 834435 | 840166 | T: C:mceliece |
| 917648 | 928217 | 939328 | T: ronald1024 |
| 969965 | 977376 | 985853 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1260383 | 1266784 | 1275074 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1315863 | 1324159 | 1334054 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1578813 | 1586576 | 1598483 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1590317 | 1597706 | 1608028 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1767317 | 1772792 | 1778824 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1808979 | 1816727 | 1824958 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1874714 | 1887772 | 1899922 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1903186 | 1920164 | 1934659 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2083455 | 2086822 | 2230014 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 2086581 | 2088618 | 2090498 | T: rsa2048 |
| 2126752 | 2139132 | 2151795 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2166468 | 2179564 | 2187075 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2239464 | 2242424 | 2245656 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 2319626 | 2331348 | 2346349 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2360049 | 2374193 | 2392530 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2454286 | 2466912 | 2479057 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2536003 | 2541348 | 2561488 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3042285 | 3051442 | 3066127 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3158182 | 3165473 | 3205935 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 3175776 | 3187751 | 3212167 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 3214383 | 3223799 | 3235274 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 3464610 | 3484921 | 3502514 | T: ronald2048 |
| 3794996 | 3800504 | 3818666 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 5916310 | 5927935 | 5939738 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 6611519 | 6630235 | 6642420 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 6607029 | 6634477 | 6649505 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7686220 | 7707678 | 7726626 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 8685128 | 8734002 | 8929873 | T: ronald3072 |
| 9423712 | 9430023 | 9439140 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 9456500 | 9469913 | 9540698 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 10529460 | 10551883 | 10575608 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 12950369 | 12966433 | 13164929 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 14286091 | 14327222 | 14376445 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 16384165 | 16424643 | 16471811 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 17695085 | 17743302 | 18274921 | T: ronald4096 |
| 18781358 | 18845437 | 18887116 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 19328144 | 19357917 | 19396567 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 19641221 | 19670507 | 19770458 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 107025978 | 107224335 | 107286319 | T: pqrsa15 |
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