Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Haswell+AES (306c3); 2013 Intel Core i7-4765T; 4 x 2000MHz; prodesk, supercop-20260831
[Page version: 20260925 12:52:41]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 54060 | 54672 | 55405 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 72048 | 72562 | 73202 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 97340 | 98688 | 102931 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 102421 | 104670 | 106888 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 130565 | 131601 | 132895 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 181983 | 184382 | 186564 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 445554 | 448313 | 451188 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 509815 | 513502 | 528045 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 513386 | 516011 | 519848 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 876101 | 880776 | 885007 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1130744 | 1146659 | 1151936 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1266362 | 1272288 | 1278950 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1508727 | 1529706 | 1535732 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2835557 | 2869226 | 2906227 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3641232 | 3663547 | 3917730 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3932452 | 3946502 | 4143245 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 4542651? | 4630491? | 6614757? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 4278348? | 4880356? | 5841700? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 6314350 | 6405476 | 7144507 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 7935906 | 7990924 | 8065310 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 7067072? | 8561602? | 10843751? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 9053981 | 9112829 | 9805796 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 10606164 | 10742118 | 11865198 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 11007970 | 11040568 | 12902044 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 11670317 | 11685903 | 11701215 | T: lotus128 |
| 13078994 | 13241976 | 13431392 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 12932586 | 13400730 | 14731674 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 14239506 | 14283615 | 14382624 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 17563640 | 17585653 | 21314840 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 20816278 | 21433467 | 23101770 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 22118222 | 22267774 | 22892234 | T: lotus192 |
| 21797472 | 22360752 | 26175887 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 28644503 | 29465426 | 31514958 | T: C:mceliece |
| 30513812 | 30682654 | 30816800 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 34137398 | 34280825 | 34395716 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 34223222 | 36138108 | 39460386 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 36484293 | 36653252 | 41538948 | T: lotus256 |
| 36748511 | 36955167 | 37142004 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 43240678 | 43584161 | 44134834 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 58177153 | 58428082 | 58738705 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 61994971 | 62338011 | 63011108 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 50199953? | 71237458? | 101999942? | T: ronald1024 |
| 74866958 | 74957246 | 75081914 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 86752256 | 87169154 | 87772589 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 94684528 | 94785859 | 94911350 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 100410477 | 100981616 | 101149160 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 117431544 | 117958720 | 118652862 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 123616778 | 123983397 | 124633292 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 78462650? | 126718514? | 203715862? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 130907054 | 131483512 | 131744499 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 86283447? | 136786735? | 182276667? | T: rsa2048 |
| 202171220 | 202807042 | 203758149 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 212646291? | 336050209? | 485928379? | T: ronald1536 |
| 284583516? | 410010348? | 567494090? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1421016558? | 2364581279? | 3623974867? | T: ronald3072 |
| 4186709530 | 4292595852 | 4384940896 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 3973893783? | 6095702067? | 8955095555? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 24569 | 25359 | 27066 | T: rsa2048 |
| 24744 | 25512 | 26766 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 40975 | 41202 | 41459 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 41632 | 42078 | 43824 | T: ronald1024 |
| 46298 | 46967 | 47640 | T: C:mceliece |
| 46803 | 47090 | 47427 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 53398 | 54622 | 56609 | T: ronald1536 |
| 66045 | 66336 | 66794 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 71142 | 73215 | 75086 | T: ronald2048 |
| 83849 | 84239 | 84540 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 99695 | 100241 | 100846 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 112815 | 113435 | 114134 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 120410 | 123189 | 126202 | T: ronald3072 |
| 136402 | 137835 | 139871 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 170294 | 170685 | 171114 | T: lotus128 |
| 183238 | 184251 | 185129 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 184863 | 187198 | 190936 | T: ronald4096 |
| 192876 | 194043 | 195829 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 242885 | 243229 | 243714 | T: lotus192 |
| 244574 | 249610 | 254418 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 294941 | 297558 | 314762 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 323277 | 324776 | 325788 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 319576 | 353308 | 354097 | T: lotus256 |
| 436286 | 437559 | 439662 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 533730 | 534966 | 536172 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 595810 | 607142 | 612561 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 630533 | 632752 | 637275 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 651410 | 653072 | 655146 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 684089 | 692420 | 697059 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 731775 | 733326 | 735344 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 746196 | 750854 | 763306 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 764526 | 766383 | 769241 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 765772 | 768404 | 769017 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 772926 | 773250 | 773912 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 858793 | 860902 | 866686 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 844915 | 862582 | 875840 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 990476 | 993584 | 1004431 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1075143 | 1077036 | 1080057 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1192283 | 1204489 | 1206425 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1292519 | 1297278 | 1303258 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1391956 | 1402352 | 1413068 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1446191 | 1447559 | 1451593 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1479954 | 1500551 | 1519356 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1525373 | 1526829 | 1532941 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1538942 | 1543180 | 1548982 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1857208 | 1864750 | 1875994 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 1879279 | 1884444 | 1894035 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 2042849 | 2046712 | 2053271 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2208068 | 2214716 | 2265817 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2256088 | 2257998 | 2262750 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2288143 | 2319294 | 2330022 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2407163 | 2415926 | 2464246 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 2713290 | 2718405 | 2722388 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 3001814 | 3044021 | 3067201 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 3340253 | 3348129 | 3356016 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 3385761 | 3396472 | 3424835 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 20867123 | 20938217 | 21015849 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 46725 | 47115 | 47700 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 52382 | 52648 | 53535 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 75778 | 76013 | 77311 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 100818 | 101435 | 103599 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 111392 | 113868 | 116073 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 155500 | 157658 | 167855 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 177197 | 180909 | 185206 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 199702 | 200480 | 200843 | T: lotus128 |
| 234657 | 236911 | 240371 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 247412 | 249835 | 253256 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 292050 | 293024 | 293945 | T: lotus192 |
| 326308 | 333826 | 339556 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 413754 | 421012 | 438085 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 405921 | 468200 | 469416 | T: lotus256 |
| 803334 | 804563 | 806275 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 971883 | 975932 | 984734 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 994419 | 1027462 | 1030890 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1131704 | 1143139 | 1156159 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1321903 | 1328673 | 1341049 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1344976 | 1352495 | 1363303 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1608110 | 1615568 | 1623839 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1662718 | 1675238 | 1697802 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1891891 | 1902742 | 1912745 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1900159 | 1908078 | 1917693 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1929716 | 1936086 | 1941096 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1973862 | 1983780 | 1995624 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2240905 | 2248232 | 2256652 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2344786 | 2356736 | 2365136 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2413509 | 2416614 | 2422647 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2405357 | 2448034 | 2470516 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 2595729 | 2603729 | 2612384 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2632082 | 2634551 | 2639070 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 2642542 | 2649321 | 2803357 | T: rsa2048 |
| 2721402 | 2726637 | 2730982 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 2803746 | 2908114 | 2967762 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2945488 | 2958422 | 2975384 | T: ronald1536 |
| 3268476 | 3281757 | 3292794 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 3351334 | 3373372 | 3428677 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 3490796 | 3499404 | 3512515 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 3793032 | 3813292 | 3831949 | T: ronald2048 |
| 4161063 | 4175277 | 4254485 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 7031971 | 7054676 | 7103640 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 7158973 | 7192661 | 7218611 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 7243512 | 7289378 | 7386296 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 9041543 | 9111374 | 9215861 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 9189273 | 9223836 | 9288084 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 10402112 | 10451172 | 10850355 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 11525850 | 11606004 | 11807150 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 12991760 | 13028643 | 13107914 | T: ronald3072 |
| 14902151 | 14939218 | 14944932 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 16484475 | 16595462 | 16700949 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 19333204 | 19342649 | 19480705 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 21340006 | 21511026 | 21585824 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 21951235 | 21982033 | 22070082 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 23350935 | 23396721 | 23431802 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 27237307 | 27280361 | 27332450 | T: ronald4096 |
| 144771908 | 144819649 | 144898069 | T: pqrsa15 |
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