Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Zen 4 (a70f41); 2023 AMD Ryzen 5 7640HS; 6 x 4300MHz; phoenix, supercop-20260217
[Page version: 20260221 06:44:50]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 38500 | 39100 | 39929 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 52234 | 52932 | 53803 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 69876 | 70628 | 71496 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 70486 | 71357 | 72260 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 85268 | 85918 | 86633 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 118738 | 119903 | 121814 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 303088 | 305577 | 308707 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 371989 | 374413 | 377447 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 390291 | 391512 | 393478 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 559282? | 564587? | 776325? | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 901432 | 904939 | 909186 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1062629 | 1070463 | 1307662 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1128823 | 1137843 | 1144152 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2611876 | 2615962 | 2620887 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2854322 | 2864533 | 2876554 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3049696 | 3060639 | 3285604 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 4141663? | 4601939? | 6131136? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 4231826? | 4843202? | 5918367? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 4872627 | 4900001 | 5566398 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 5372727? | 5382998? | 7707102? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7145354 | 7155846 | 7187656 | T: lotus128 |
| 7132377 | 7159602 | 7268096 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 8320165 | 8337090 | 9362552 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 8472482 | 8498907 | 9115400 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 8754542 | 8877222 | 9233713 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 9818613 | 9825478 | 9836506 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 11530255 | 11956457 | 13074330 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 12772157 | 12781452 | 12818541 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 13713218 | 13734180 | 13906852 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 13813253 | 13833981 | 13873397 | T: lotus192 |
| 15608585 | 15678140 | 15743667 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 16159833 | 16520355 | 19032850 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 15574830 | 16687208 | 18245652 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 20273189 | 21057832 | 21139114 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 22798275 | 22839933 | 22902338 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 23343604 | 23412526 | 23611138 | T: lotus256 |
| 25445614 | 26466464 | 27854396 | T: C:mceliece |
| 26814017 | 28626396 | 30907003 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 30403261 | 30619672 | 31054458 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 39035282 | 39103368 | 39188600 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 43478566 | 43731456 | 44452595 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 29181815? | 44107730? | 72612425? | T: ronald1024 |
| 50609486 | 50704542 | 50812502 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 56392030 | 56666429 | 57252479 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 65529151 | 65637544 | 65790880 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 67923431 | 68019988 | 68148504 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 76730417 | 77116718 | 77580331 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 81326029 | 81656034 | 82080352 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 50594973? | 85811165? | 154331081? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 54908593? | 89301517? | 142724837? | T: rsa2048 |
| 89474701 | 89576858 | 89683984 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 131626223 | 132049898 | 132671459 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 150544883? | 226034106? | 368980704? | T: ronald1536 |
| 294040474? | 414285305? | 588021201? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1005965580? | 1412219349? | 2271670112? | T: ronald3072 |
| 2738111943 | 2802463453 | 2863526358 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 2803413191? | 4292041423? | 6888361227? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 16157 | 16428 | 17133 | T: rsa2048 |
| 16682 | 17067 | 18346 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 26008 | 26265 | 26922 | T: ronald1024 |
| 32650 | 32818 | 33110 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 34352 | 35077 | 35905 | T: ronald1536 |
| 35233 | 35728 | 36284 | T: C:mceliece |
| 36933 | 37250 | 37568 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 46047 | 46763 | 47489 | T: ronald2048 |
| 53899? | 54344? | 69841? | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 64000? | 64494? | 84891? | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 73335 | 73912 | 74731 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 77669 | 78159 | 78974 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 78825 | 79731 | 80748 | T: ronald3072 |
| 96276 | 96921 | 97654 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 111571 | 111922 | 112427 | T: lotus128 |
| 124103 | 125036 | 126096 | T: ronald4096 |
| 126408 | 127386 | 128448 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 128985 | 129963 | 133267 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 148550 | 154294 | 156148 | T: lotus192 |
| 159340 | 160115 | 160768 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 204235 | 205413 | 206879 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 209811 | 211674 | 214996 | T: lotus256 |
| 229800 | 230249 | 231245 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 310199 | 311380 | 313087 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 383193 | 384706 | 386510 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 449992 | 451428 | 453065 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 474849 | 476671 | 478225 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 476231 | 476939 | 478089 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 487661 | 488995 | 491024 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 555055 | 557516 | 559464 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 587667 | 589469 | 591093 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 726396 | 728555 | 730943 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 663484 | 802172 | 811042 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 717781 | 828609 | 840515 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 736988 | 836460 | 846168 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 743386 | 888228 | 899472 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 893719 | 895403 | 897063 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 856029 | 925708 | 941410 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 1007244 | 1011333 | 1013476 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1018784 | 1027415 | 1047846 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1111668 | 1117067 | 1124602 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1287919 | 1289491 | 1292441 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1329644 | 1348317 | 1547512 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1159564 | 1366506 | 1383646 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1419723 | 1440171 | 1459606 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1287092 | 1446733 | 1466056 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1401089 | 1547251 | 1572132 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1577581 | 1734642 | 1759729 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 1900603 | 1905233 | 1936522 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 1875589 | 2007150 | 2049201 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2003608 | 2240114 | 2269095 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2139851 | 2377039 | 2399032 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2441887 | 2456606 | 2513446 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2690596 | 2795156 | 2979429 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 2897068 | 2933091 | 3002792 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 2945495 | 2988526 | 3002193 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 13964683 | 13992057 | 14016420 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 30240 | 30355 | 30559 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 34248 | 34469 | 34711 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 53815? | 54362? | 76889? | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 72217? | 72581? | 102011? | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 78042 | 78563 | 78904 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 99936 | 101074 | 101448 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 107384 | 108456 | 108823 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 126473 | 126802 | 127288 | T: lotus128 |
| 141355 | 141818 | 142289 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 155629 | 156461 | 167289 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 180316 | 181355 | 187348 | T: lotus192 |
| 200118 | 200988 | 201910 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 238335 | 243382 | 244631 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 252964 | 261284 | 268491 | T: lotus256 |
| 543100 | 544381 | 546711 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 553329 | 556484 | 564450 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 693940 | 701677 | 708471 | T: ronald1024 |
| 756235 | 762288 | 773228 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 758365 | 763796 | 779394 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 811183 | 815185 | 817879 | T: C:mceliece |
| 937962 | 945397 | 967729 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 949140 | 966945 | 982729 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1116236 | 1125989 | 1151527 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1153759 | 1161654 | 1184588 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1160907 | 1169473 | 1190883 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1279948 | 1288282 | 1297084 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1379065 | 1396386 | 1434900 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1386086 | 1399379 | 1430247 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1572147 | 1589394 | 1627605 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1612066 | 1618037 | 1636680 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1665595 | 1672116 | 1675363 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 1813148 | 1846968 | 1859874 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 1877740 | 1890280 | 1905292 | T: ronald2048 |
| 1922152 | 1924961 | 1931773 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 1923463 | 1926358 | 1928303 | T: rsa2048 |
| 1989057 | 1998757 | 2008802 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2028298 | 2063046 | 2080437 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2109557 | 2135065 | 2146746 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 2113206 | 2144421 | 2185153 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 2366446 | 2391990 | 2420553 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 2702700 | 2759266 | 2885994 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 4228186 | 4245126 | 4295566 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 4369614 | 4386071 | 4407497 | T: ronald3072 |
| 4372333 | 4405478 | 4423014 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 4822035 | 4876247 | 4975159 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 5217449 | 5246730 | 5273056 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 6166986 | 6201192 | 6235592 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 6781354 | 6854770 | 6875532 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 7888018 | 7917367 | 8701224 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 8162015 | 8182277 | 8331306 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 8267356 | 8298003 | 8324044 | T: ronald4096 |
| 9322137 | 9343173 | 9378133 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 10106432 | 10139654 | 10198332 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 12118865 | 12144900 | 12207827 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 12319678 | 12363825 | 12444217 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 12396544 | 12431832 | 12480374 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 105101831 | 105176254 | 105269655 | T: pqrsa15 |
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