Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Coffee Lake (806ea); 2018 Intel Core i3-8109U; 2 x 3000MHz; like, supercop-20251222
[Page version: 20260221 06:44:50]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 528819 | 531446 | 534851 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 610233 | 612938 | 616354 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 1038272 | 1044429 | 1048264 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1537165 | 1540684 | 1546839 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 9450469 | 9588407 | 9718932 | T: lotus128 |
| 18414000 | 18463163 | 18654361 | T: lotus192 |
| 20742244 | 20824577 | 20896497 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 27470111 | 27531249 | 27586918 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 29285603 | 30140158 | 32301429 | T: C:mceliece |
| 34727621 | 35054455 | 35758958 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 32197351 | 35701233 | 35897993 | T: lotus256 |
| 45968217 | 46907729 | 47052494 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 51365772 | 51748634 | 52344901 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 35408683? | 53403839? | 76724433? | T: ronald1024 |
| 61476476 | 61611965 | 61720797 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 65883443 | 66257414 | 66806009 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 78132101 | 79098710 | 79235986 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 80066778 | 80166741 | 80310254 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 89218196 | 89623793 | 90081373 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 51912738? | 93584479? | 147882979? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 93804143 | 94110711 | 94533885 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 105937246 | 106054676 | 106197333 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 55718240? | 117659612? | 185008546? | T: rsa2048 |
| 150416599 | 150940730 | 151876173 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 203483871? | 282760042? | 398228778? | T: ronald1536 |
| 285637773? | 410488407? | 597738030? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1060744363? | 1635092699? | 2479707936? | T: ronald3072 |
| 2559757378? | 3853803320? | 5085143526? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 21977 | 22773 | 24395 | T: rsa2048 |
| 22244 | 23004 | 24639 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 35928 | 36517 | 37469 | T: ronald1024 |
| 41847 | 42112 | 42413 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 46233 | 46696 | 47348 | T: C:mceliece |
| 46536 | 46902 | 48046 | T: ronald1536 |
| 47589 | 47926 | 48523 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 60304 | 61257 | 62399 | T: ronald2048 |
| 68430 | 68848 | 69404 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 88131 | 88508 | 88897 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 94545 | 95610 | 97267 | T: ronald3072 |
| 106879 | 107406 | 108096 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 140502 | 141392 | 142912 | T: ronald4096 |
| 147712 | 148258 | 148963 | T: lotus128 |
| 211085 | 211542 | 212108 | T: lotus192 |
| 278695 | 279311 | 280401 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 286643 | 287410 | 331258 | T: lotus256 |
| 374270 | 374709 | 375395 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 462977 | 464002 | 468488 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 563823 | 565514 | 568685 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 593177 | 594533 | 595282 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 595392 | 597283 | 601105 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 653176 | 654689 | 656578 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 712854 | 715478 | 733719 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 904545 | 907117 | 912618 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1096899 | 1100501 | 1101787 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1213549 | 1219038 | 1221190 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1541135 | 1553782 | 1557912 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 45247 | 45383 | 45622 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 51242 | 51519 | 51822 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 75126 | 75395 | 76298 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 101744 | 102111 | 102650 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 142187 | 142728 | 144495 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 170585 | 171207 | 172528 | T: lotus128 |
| 249202 | 250165 | 250647 | T: lotus192 |
| 362042 | 367009 | 393820 | T: lotus256 |
| 848370 | 853754 | 862202 | T: C:mceliece |
| 888380 | 891113 | 894682 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 910576 | 920561 | 930324 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1197530 | 1203993 | 1208168 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1202222 | 1206494 | 1211116 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1459642 | 1463771 | 1468345 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1493319 | 1499264 | 1505991 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1714186 | 1719195 | 1724833 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1737027 | 1742080 | 1745862 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1774055 | 1781121 | 1789088 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2012088 | 2020711 | 2028463 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2092866 | 2097295 | 2099683 | T: rsa2048 |
| 2093391 | 2099856 | 2102217 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 2105469 | 2111916 | 2119971 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2247780 | 2253457 | 2260255 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2348017 | 2362430 | 2375949 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2916452 | 2920199 | 2925510 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 3472534 | 3483713 | 3507346 | T: ronald2048 |
| 8699954 | 8720803 | 8746076 | T: ronald3072 |
| 17670245 | 17755730 | 17792647 | T: ronald4096 |
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