Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Ivy Bridge+AES (306a9); 2012 Intel Xeon E3-1275 V2; 4 x 3500MHz; hydra8, supercop-20260217
[Page version: 20260319 20:29:17]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 68701 | 69149 | 70266 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 91167 | 92338 | 94153 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 127973 | 129787 | 132728 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 130354 | 132355 | 136536 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 166216 | 168851 | 170282 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 249528 | 253091 | 259311 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 463779 | 467065 | 472230 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 534630 | 538339 | 542668 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 907231 | 911947 | 919325 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1320112 | 1327968 | 1341145 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 10105997 | 10107845 | 10112798 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 15039775 | 15054054 | 15076509 | T: lotus128 |
| 19499047 | 19505585 | 19513073 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 28520348 | 28574817 | 28638969 | T: lotus192 |
| 31633856 | 31756889 | 31857232 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 32625338 | 33661717 | 35287391 | T: C:mceliece |
| 36941193 | 36949160 | 36960653 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 38888354 | 39136450 | 39362513 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 50223599 | 50639957 | 50694624 | T: lotus256 |
| 51887411 | 52301729 | 52827026 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 66154572 | 66503131 | 66849782 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 68430973 | 68480259 | 68542002 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 74568288 | 75257181 | 75977504 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 77269264 | 77332943 | 77709940 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 85875619 | 86371751 | 87926095 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 86159759 | 87048051 | 88521722 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 58396708? | 87076061? | 128376680? | T: ronald1024 |
| 88812344 | 88949147 | 89145026 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 99374235 | 99690376 | 100272576 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 116058968 | 116196570 | 116400563 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 119494261 | 119692680 | 119975908 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 79022984? | 125442758? | 205117468? | T: rsa2048 |
| 137498110 | 137913375 | 138633179 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 140220053 | 141009412 | 142778494 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 88713873? | 141781999? | 240887054? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 157491855 | 157671654 | 157924366 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 182621306 | 182690157 | 182878959 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 192741728 | 193175817 | 195970045 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 214144215 | 214223095 | 216953071 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 232709949 | 235418559 | 236401864 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 235223874 | 235770867 | 236349452 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 248611096 | 248789476 | 249387920 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 263804075 | 263865082 | 263939982 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 280347937 | 280495818 | 280865626 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 292365845 | 292561151 | 293349170 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 301392949 | 301426791 | 301465504 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 241798922? | 383882202? | 572999101? | T: ronald1536 |
| 513119220 | 513310355 | 513489025 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 648536713 | 648727108 | 652455159 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 480644712? | 683539928? | 1006399458? | T: ronald2048 |
| 698689610 | 699433341 | 701007978 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 733644010 | 734853376 | 736644324 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 759950391 | 760203705 | 763816655 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 1528354500 | 1529761983 | 1532381912 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 1566927250? | 2585785819? | 3788167298? | T: ronald3072 |
| 3123594486? | 4722133338? | 4875067713? | T: pqrsa15 |
| -8365582054 | 5395510406 | 9097378112 | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 33631 | 34469 | 36425 | T: rsa2048 |
| 33921 | 35271 | 37360 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 46231 | 46764 | 47218 | T: C:mceliece |
| 46756 | 47153 | 51120 | T: ronald1024 |
| 48359 | 48656 | 48927 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 53236 | 53633 | 54127 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 61218 | 62826 | 67613 | T: ronald1536 |
| 79044 | 79556 | 80301 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 83515 | 85779 | 91836 | T: ronald2048 |
| 99431 | 100020 | 100851 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 133848 | 134653 | 135752 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 142503 | 147088 | 151513 | T: ronald3072 |
| 147730 | 148664 | 150433 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 185078 | 189955 | 191300 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 218538 | 223970 | 229871 | T: ronald4096 |
| 234526 | 237455 | 241952 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 262718 | 270109 | 271805 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 323219 | 324197 | 325635 | T: lotus128 |
| 332577 | 334931 | 337232 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 376979 | 378022 | 380963 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 403379 | 406026 | 408664 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 490837 | 491861 | 495427 | T: lotus192 |
| 507968 | 510834 | 515486 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 628527 | 630169 | 634440 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 677954 | 679867 | 684870 | T: lotus256 |
| 741781 | 743985 | 749124 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 784640 | 787267 | 792064 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 795564 | 800770 | 808394 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 911308 | 912844 | 918598 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 992143 | 999127 | 1003342 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1223317 | 1224869 | 1231498 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1492285 | 1499790 | 1506676 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1693662 | 1701325 | 1706781 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2206964 | 2214315 | 2227125 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 4869700 | 4906739 | 4930671 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 8631636 | 8645606 | 8673926 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 8779998 | 8788468 | 8796806 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 9244012 | 9304417 | 9358908 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 9983429 | 9994659 | 10006003 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 12081301 | 12087742 | 12095689 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 12185174 | 12197860 | 12209165 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 12329672 | 12338305 | 12352066 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 12940924 | 12950826 | 12962310 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 17747754 | 17837860 | 17945058 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 24329146 | 24341689 | 24359720 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 24531428 | 24555485 | 24585624 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 28724173 | 28742967 | 28762729 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 29769051 | 29817113 | 29837286 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 32548395 | 32563783 | 32582450 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 33473553 | 33665935 | 33851923 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 35121891 | 35169866 | 35194042 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 37938602 | 38020975 | 38084963 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 44028067 | 44054715 | 44309290 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 48982428 | 49017999 | 49055165 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 70551094 | 70582846 | 70609075 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 72882045 | 72912518 | 72944943 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 87636383 | 87668064 | 87704054 | T: ledapkc54sl |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 48641 | 49280 | 50380 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 53229 | 53605 | 54289 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 81058 | 81917 | 84800 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 109605 | 110808 | 115211 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 160493 | 162575 | 168441 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 219000 | 222459 | 225287 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 250033 | 254413 | 258607 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 316097 | 319456 | 325874 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 363951 | 370246 | 373914 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 384028 | 384652 | 385889 | T: lotus128 |
| 461794 | 464364 | 469254 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 570210 | 575557 | 581253 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 617483 | 619330 | 629067 | T: lotus192 |
| 875908 | 879028 | 893171 | T: lotus256 |
| 1041864 | 1065071 | 1074449 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1084513 | 1092958 | 1102990 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1245656 | 1255909 | 1270976 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1484636 | 1494847 | 1507324 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1485603 | 1501348 | 1515168 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1797719 | 1806962 | 1817724 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1859664 | 1869369 | 1877427 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 2128486 | 2147247 | 2161476 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2200341 | 2209629 | 2217828 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2258566 | 2267862 | 2280462 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2575333 | 2584775 | 2598330 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2748963 | 2760343 | 2773779 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2919133 | 2927852 | 2937522 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 3221400 | 3223557 | 3226157 | T: rsa2048 |
| 3232527 | 3235342 | 3237635 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 3338314 | 3358213 | 3371337 | T: ronald1536 |
| 3873797 | 3889316 | 3911998 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 4914955 | 4928459 | 4945166 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 5411615 | 5437462 | 5463287 | T: ronald2048 |
| 5592435 | 5617096 | 5656198 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 5844095 | 5870536 | 5877333 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 6675825 | 6710808 | 6721588 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 7186423 | 7195437 | 7211597 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 7956727 | 7990241 | 8014322 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 9499992 | 9558833 | 9617381 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 12978976 | 13033144 | 13134693 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 14358742 | 14376050 | 14385935 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 14442112 | 14498907 | 14521082 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 14516278 | 14559171 | 14619461 | T: ronald3072 |
| 16403952 | 16478236 | 16529130 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 16503941 | 16518994 | 16570909 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 18616237 | 18700040 | 18847974 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 20104571 | 20214501 | 20336644 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 22051386 | 22064475 | 22078968 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 25181996 | 25193777 | 25209969 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 30585417 | 30638636 | 30653895 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 30687813 | 30735828 | 30785707 | T: ronald4096 |
| 34530293 | 34765740 | 35005242 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 34734065 | 34767241 | 35103607 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 37088060 | 37109820 | 37124841 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 40307642 | 40345912 | 40428748 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 47843163 | 47909797 | 47979000 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 168924294 | 169009698 | 169107146 | T: pqrsa15 |
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