Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Sandy Bridge+AES (206a7); 2011 Intel Xeon E3-1225; 4 x 3100MHz; hydra7, supercop-20260217
[Page version: 20260319 20:29:17]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 76570 | 77256 | 78566 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 106476 | 107565 | 108694 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 154799 | 155711 | 157075 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 156676 | 157517 | 158682 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 197312 | 199577 | 203318 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 270434 | 272977 | 275652 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 593798 | 598134 | 601745 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 678725 | 682655 | 687813 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 920832 | 926166 | 933221 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 1707269 | 1713852 | 1725659 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 10118843 | 10123833 | 10134622 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 15236656 | 15284519 | 15315777 | T: lotus128 |
| 19540952 | 19547559 | 19555652 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 29134210 | 29176167 | 29315125 | T: lotus192 |
| 33300775 | 34906114 | 37513172 | T: C:mceliece |
| 37053786 | 37060641 | 37070814 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 37393167 | 37578833 | 37704298 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 48250817 | 48380446 | 48641551 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 62841790 | 62906027 | 62979298 | T: lotus256 |
| 63639424 | 63687704 | 63741840 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 65327893 | 65792282 | 66299393 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 56501383? | 79708443? | 128155896? | T: ronald1024 |
| 82563876 | 82769575 | 82966994 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 84044601 | 84078416 | 84595010 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 90463060 | 90521047 | 92222898 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 93692966 | 94253336 | 94833247 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 108270494 | 108590588 | 109218847 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 112232399 | 112986951 | 114897206 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 123956766 | 124287602 | 124870014 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 138010560 | 138161552 | 138325273 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 76502962? | 138811876? | 212671695? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 145673185 | 145837731 | 145982613 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 163059167 | 163171635 | 163407377 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 95183679? | 163379461? | 252938301? | T: rsa2048 |
| 165963308 | 166369346 | 167272071 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 168068999 | 168464413 | 168959658 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 180358342 | 180524128 | 183058237 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 191146258 | 191326089 | 191563217 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 236062664 | 236305630 | 237029542 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 244704903 | 244809627 | 244973174 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 244759489 | 244862479 | 247331195 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 287644178 | 288163079 | 289118360 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 307713919 | 307821099 | 308232568 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 310134994 | 310230895 | 310741944 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 311787322 | 311846112 | 311896401 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 349515849 | 349626532 | 350334991 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 278319774? | 441931081? | 659403659? | T: ronald1536 |
| 491108535 | 491708407 | 492827554 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 600822663 | 601106520 | 603806278 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 685007057 | 685747167 | 687404151 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 735495636 | 735944243 | 739588803 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 749485554 | 750552961 | 752427889 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 701791732? | 1194157878? | 1937931798? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1460851909 | 1462424767 | 1465243885 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| -12376966134 | 3608249187 | 9674599856 | T: ronald4096 |
| -1860399954 | 3672353736 | 5969907860 | T: ronald3072 |
| 948343420? | 4921806443? | 5103055227? | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 34894 | 35502 | 36771 | T: rsa2048 |
| 35199 | 35977 | 37622 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 44947 | 45825 | 49156 | T: ronald1024 |
| 51419 | 52171 | 52890 | T: C:mceliece |
| 53176 | 53462 | 53879 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 60922 | 61336 | 61864 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 62061 | 65569 | 67662 | T: ronald1536 |
| 88656 | 88980 | 89491 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 85673 | 89212 | 92273 | T: ronald2048 |
| 111587 | 112464 | 113834 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 140954 | 141777 | 142817 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 149550 | 152504 | 157797 | T: ronald3072 |
| 153621 | 154177 | 154867 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 201932 | 203562 | 207086 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 235930 | 240151 | 244937 | T: ronald4096 |
| 263146 | 267603 | 269337 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 301256 | 302203 | 303563 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 335354 | 335796 | 336837 | T: lotus128 |
| 385734 | 388794 | 397455 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 426288 | 427767 | 429289 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 437256 | 439985 | 446318 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 508363 | 511088 | 514412 | T: lotus192 |
| 579572 | 581154 | 583404 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 702474 | 705120 | 708874 | T: lotus256 |
| 721239 | 722134 | 724135 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 854297 | 856269 | 858747 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 901872 | 905339 | 913355 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 924101 | 926619 | 929579 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1049163 | 1051831 | 1055216 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1156679 | 1158723 | 1161554 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1433870 | 1434902 | 1438022 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1730805 | 1733973 | 1737229 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1947553 | 1953229 | 1968496 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2530720 | 2538090 | 2575105 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 5615655 | 5624632 | 5652838 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 9146587 | 9157740 | 9168306 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 9198179 | 9206666 | 9216306 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 9673364 | 9681380 | 9691040 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 11343215 | 11354050 | 11370325 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 11379615 | 11389214 | 11400199 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 12023719 | 12041301 | 12058615 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 13765716 | 13777874 | 13794786 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 17761737 | 17776009 | 17790143 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 18186860 | 18211824 | 18238028 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 23031854 | 23062800 | 23092459 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 25544506 | 25562792 | 25584691 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 27128936 | 27155212 | 27178739 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 31922163 | 31950432 | 31985829 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 32620458 | 32651222 | 32681084 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 33460471 | 33470376 | 33480993 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 39663152 | 39690992 | 39723197 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 40629599 | 40661608 | 40688942 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 47614898 | 47655432 | 47742650 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 48530266 | 48563147 | 48606186 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 68690870 | 68727737 | 68763514 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 71095449 | 71166856 | 71231988 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 81628124 | 81667618 | 81723219 | T: ledapkc54sl |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 62207 | 62385 | 62774 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 71218 | 71577 | 72016 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 103815 | 104554 | 106100 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 132962 | 133645 | 135141 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 168245 | 171852 | 177465 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 232695 | 233747 | 236299 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 282475 | 284629 | 287498 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 352381 | 357738 | 362961 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 402431 | 403272 | 405869 | T: lotus128 |
| 420501 | 423458 | 427232 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 541422 | 546225 | 557462 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 612003 | 619588 | 628449 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 640910 | 644349 | 646304 | T: lotus192 |
| 940315 | 941049 | 945271 | T: lotus256 |
| 1134024 | 1154537 | 1170381 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1210821 | 1218606 | 1227705 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1277703 | 1292150 | 1306380 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1650086 | 1660943 | 1675149 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1666250 | 1675183 | 1684575 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 2026184 | 2034480 | 2042549 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 2066988 | 2075487 | 2084457 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 2396975 | 2407656 | 2416387 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2462543 | 2471169 | 2483778 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2513422 | 2523813 | 2534131 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2902580 | 2912267 | 2922612 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2995087 | 3008812 | 3023008 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 3297709 | 3306613 | 3313318 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 3462608 | 3467983 | 3474250 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 3468709 | 3473187 | 3476447 | T: rsa2048 |
| 3619779 | 3633429 | 3649898 | T: ronald1536 |
| 4347075 | 4358074 | 4425546 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 5916289 | 5936653 | 5963053 | T: ronald2048 |
| 7362486 | 7376878 | 7387722 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 8088644 | 8096123 | 8110256 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 8594058 | 8605533 | 8633966 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 9473447 | 9482034 | 9489943 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 9709718 | 9814359 | 9832663 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 10702117 | 10740156 | 10765847 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 11545577 | 11569599 | 11612521 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 16245178 | 16279833 | 16324975 | T: ronald3072 |
| 17471441 | 17483416 | 17583408 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 18691956 | 18702463 | 18706538 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 19869366 | 19885663 | 20092938 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 21278774 | 21298285 | 21408360 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 24515159 | 24610545 | 24773537 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 24607651 | 24648264 | 24788050 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 30889538 | 30963082 | 31115571 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 32674528 | 32864473 | 32904050 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 34630546 | 34640800 | 34650105 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 34722972 | 34823342 | 36509979 | T: ronald4096 |
| 37544689 | 37568174 | 37644313 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 46487394 | 46519227 | 46558128 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 54621187 | 54681883 | 54897793 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 57392115 | 57458110 | 57592971 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 60096770 | 60169087 | 60366080 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 73035280 | 73071325 | 73150195 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 178634310 | 178704349 | 178814890 | T: pqrsa15 |
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