Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; K10 32nm (300f10); 2011 AMD A8-3850; 4 x 2900MHz; hydra5, supercop-20251222
[Page version: 20260221 06:44:50]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 136502 | 137970 | 139633 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 198135 | 199797 | 201749 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 314602 | 317936 | 320172 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 316281 | 318198 | 322185 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 434421 | 437708 | 441710 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 602019 | 605822 | 608972 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 1105927 | 1110539 | 1117255 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 1307698 | 1312592 | 1318037 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 2210289 | 2217821 | 2226842 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 3361902 | 3369882 | 3379998 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 13530527 | 13532593 | 13535571 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 26083476 | 26087621 | 26093178 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 41014785 | 43088202 | 48499852 | T: C:mceliece |
| 43951589 | 44078022 | 44249820 | T: lotus128 |
| 45850566 | 45911067 | 45983254 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 49665520 | 49675995 | 49686944 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 61450153 | 61705394 | 62117848 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 76341914 | 76362773 | 79284378 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 78541109 | 78652560 | 78799148 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 82769270 | 82969141 | 83561094 | T: lotus192 |
| 87754270 | 88291392 | 89103884 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 90582333 | 90903674 | 91170664 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 94148219 | 94240537 | 94283854 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 100063416 | 100166453 | 100354584 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 105220723 | 105271757 | 108358851 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 71195002? | 107895247? | 149551125? | T: ronald1024 |
| 108529073 | 110315783 | 112165948 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 112174527 | 112629648 | 113173325 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 124016849 | 124226383 | 124419443 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 134620333 | 134762704 | 134926708 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 83981977? | 142390900? | 213145861? | T: rsa2048 |
| 149969543 | 150131119 | 151999877 | T: lotus256 |
| 89682859? | 151113409? | 235776814? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 152012951 | 152287805 | 153273873 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 152305895 | 152590802 | 153157765 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 172952933 | 173165311 | 173343546 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 202773348 | 202849388 | 203014871 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 216062038 | 216292176 | 222805304 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 255897986 | 256624476 | 257653945 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 272844613 | 273048527 | 284568112 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 273394240 | 273438525 | 273580978 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 287161902 | 287237766 | 287688202 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 319761014 | 319949211 | 320161581 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 342774629 | 342827684 | 342878970 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 353668824 | 353744325 | 353996227 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 464170635 | 464209537 | 464245841 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 337169496? | 499154791? | 616583146? | T: ronald1536 |
| 611552917 | 621826093 | 625365090 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 716872637 | 718063184 | 732602354 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 808615115 | 817138716 | 817269291 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 852376311 | 852561881 | 858816193 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 867071134 | 867574901 | 870015961 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 717210244? | 995798537? | 1391212754? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1821730142 | 1828118685 | 1849948783 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 2790012485? | 3984630701? | 5689418397? | T: ronald3072 |
| 5139164058 | 5310099585 | 5450746184 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 6583292202? | 9763772229? | 13363746656? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 48651 | 51158 | 52911 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 48237 | 51550 | 54433 | T: rsa2048 |
| 53040 | 53842 | 54623 | T: C:mceliece |
| 61803 | 62207 | 63182 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 62840 | 63052 | 65678 | T: ronald1024 |
| 69977 | 70459 | 71313 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 83952 | 84610 | 92312 | T: ronald1536 |
| 104387 | 105344 | 106944 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 112155 | 120022 | 121687 | T: ronald2048 |
| 138922 | 140215 | 141779 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 188435 | 193178 | 200613 | T: ronald3072 |
| 219578 | 220710 | 221454 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 253209 | 254600 | 256528 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 291890 | 299319 | 306773 | T: ronald4096 |
| 395493 | 399430 | 402225 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 498621 | 500245 | 501935 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 544904 | 547664 | 550621 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 541935 | 549502 | 620307 | T: lotus128 |
| 623328 | 628173 | 632401 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 672681 | 674632 | 675890 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 810392 | 817099 | 822405 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 844327 | 847416 | 850478 | T: lotus192 |
| 860925 | 866577 | 872987 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 959787 | 966657 | 968671 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 966328 | 967440 | 970236 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 996012 | 999468 | 1003619 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 1016090 | 1018503 | 1021631 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1150395 | 1152214 | 1180616 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1229317 | 1232843 | 1236404 | T: lotus256 |
| 1259948 | 1264315 | 1265832 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1530504 | 1535494 | 1539129 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1835566 | 1841142 | 1845887 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1975063 | 1980542 | 1982188 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2625425 | 2629934 | 2632173 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 6777859 | 6781316 | 6787891 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 10398164 | 10399325 | 10401570 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 10693032 | 10696322 | 10698067 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 10996529 | 11412304 | 11430014 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 11711303 | 11712708 | 11714625 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 13330921 | 13348175 | 13358527 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 13071426 | 13555585 | 13561170 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 15406494 | 15411473 | 15414582 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 16296256 | 16306224 | 16309322 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 22726808 | 22731191 | 22737287 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 26109063 | 26112647 | 26116059 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 26872731 | 26924031 | 26976631 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 31379758 | 31402758 | 31462486 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 35342404 | 35350651 | 35355313 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 36925845 | 36933733 | 37715770 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 43672356 | 43695477 | 43719564 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 44003052 | 44009223 | 44017551 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 44364305 | 44377413 | 44384242 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 52068667 | 52076196 | 52085453 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 57759158 | 57768106 | 57841504 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 80264285 | 80319501 | 80326627 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 83530303 | 83584890 | 83662614 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 94818926 | 94832362 | 94897590 | T: ledapkc54sl |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 86403 | 86935 | 87523 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 100877 | 101831 | 102827 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 146002 | 149051 | 149867 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 202895 | 208235 | 210450 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 349060 | 351505 | 353609 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 370258 | 372076 | 373254 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 582953 | 586643 | 589262 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 759199 | 761391 | 765136 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 723854 | 799550 | 814762 | T: lotus128 |
| 912632 | 916226 | 922201 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 880033 | 989216 | 1020440 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1213065 | 1214305 | 1215713 | T: lotus192 |
| 1221189 | 1228120 | 1240398 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1263801 | 1277003 | 1277887 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 1401533 | 1406302 | 1407945 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 1670469 | 1675838 | 1681756 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1678402 | 1683384 | 1686765 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1673088 | 1685376 | 1705337 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1787014 | 1789788 | 1791771 | T: lotus256 |
| 2014023 | 2027842 | 2037939 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 2100161 | 2108029 | 2120663 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 2360295 | 2368087 | 2375539 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2362479 | 2369887 | 2375621 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2512375 | 2520090 | 2530142 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2789524 | 2799041 | 2808345 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2997993 | 3023693 | 3055887 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 3123450 | 3134466 | 3142617 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 3211071 | 3212332 | 3219264 | T: rsa2048 |
| 3211897 | 3225714 | 3226608 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 4189650 | 4206376 | 4233782 | T: ronald1536 |
| 4204587 | 4218521 | 4240003 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 6657120 | 6661192 | 6665808 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 7112001 | 7143391 | 7173029 | T: ronald2048 |
| 7657035 | 7665080 | 7758247 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 8025640 | 8058973 | 8087291 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 9562583 | 9588985 | 9595814 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 9835961 | 9861664 | 10406747 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 11307528 | 11316606 | 11368031 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 12074963 | 12076100 | 12080867 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 17479377 | 17520151 | 17561030 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 18729787 | 18734774 | 18748718 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 19206953 | 19264399 | 19319570 | T: ronald3072 |
| 19594241 | 19609324 | 19625049 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 22275551 | 22300963 | 22391721 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 23260319 | 23296146 | 23461970 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 23875856 | 23882566 | 23886530 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 27935869 | 27950220 | 28001686 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 28570212 | 28686212 | 29032948 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 36382540 | 36404166 | 36564205 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 40233182 | 40274953 | 40326623 | T: ronald4096 |
| 43014295 | 43060143 | 44096276 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 45566775 | 45587630 | 45806381 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 47613596 | 47712977 | 48151236 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 52274818 | 52392228 | 52417714 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 58213658 | 58243623 | 58523877 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 64917631 | 65207960 | 65776070 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 182913016 | 183101927 | 184049143 | T: pqrsa15 |
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