Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; K10 32nm (300f10); 2011 AMD A6-3650; 4 x 2600MHz; hydra4, supercop-20250415
[Page version: 20260221 06:44:50]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 137980 | 139520 | 141177 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 200779 | 202263 | 203956 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 315706 | 317941 | 321689 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 318658 | 321351 | 324034 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 434706 | 437417 | 443078 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 616313 | 619043 | 621702 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 1029180 | 1035563 | 1043279 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 1236446 | 1243477 | 1254358 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 2075376 | 2091363 | 2101836 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 3214356 | 3231859 | 3249233 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 13499781 | 13501946 | 13503922 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 26025587 | 26029776 | 26035570 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 37922133 | 39405386 | 41886009 | T: C:mceliece |
| 39693561 | 39751762 | 39819234 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 47341056 | 47346272 | 47350750 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 53003193 | 53293361 | 53807289 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 67939454 | 68022103 | 68111975 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 72356387 | 72379983 | 73413512 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 76006993 | 76551005 | 77440879 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 87641934 | 87721148 | 87832315 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 90640299 | 90948330 | 91157817 | T: lotus192 |
| 92865757 | 92901856 | 93536055 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 98184789 | 98605802 | 98979593 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 102951004 | 102995220 | 104764990 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 104278102 | 104310235 | 107326906 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 103925539 | 104345007 | 104686535 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 111376506 | 111503279 | 111626936 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 117863580 | 117986335 | 118173437 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 133087331 | 133422154 | 134119467 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 137979589 | 138344793 | 138995845 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 148081837 | 148953677 | 155032208 | T: lotus128 |
| 106646950? | 152651414? | 206632367? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 153523865 | 153753731 | 153944753 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 166992503 | 168798840 | 168899306 | T: lotus256 |
| 87744812? | 178190361? | 239466340? | T: rsa2048 |
| 111229939? | 182647557? | 243976589? | T: ronald1024 |
| 190828213 | 190903611 | 190980711 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 207450040 | 207515781 | 213696945 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 226797780 | 227714234 | 228555052 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 254908129 | 258679243 | 258821307 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 271154627 | 271570302 | 276936962 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 274460962 | 274587946 | 274943332 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 299195143 | 299248943 | 299343183 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 332851799 | 332907066 | 332961787 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 342056738 | 342434842 | 343086764 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 449993625 | 450031265 | 450053199 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 298637566? | 535511101? | 776286548? | T: ronald1536 |
| 586504407 | 586566457 | 586661707 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 684137184 | 684407621 | 696090151 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 753333706 | 763938847 | 769125164 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 866033874 | 866229824 | 868972170 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 874405291 | 875677483 | 881067144 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 602247204? | 928020191? | 1490820559? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1741605293 | 1770305641 | 1775415230 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 1350411623? | 2537968000? | 4278112883? | T: ronald3072 |
| 5136558462 | 5272072669 | 5417180321 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 2809561122? | 6180417074? | 10429668044? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 38115 | 38856 | 42401 | T: rsa2048 |
| 38791 | 41771 | 43470 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 50457 | 51133 | 51773 | T: C:mceliece |
| 70410 | 71029 | 72948 | T: ronald1024 |
| 74703 | 76371 | 77709 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 82997 | 85104 | 86336 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 89317 | 90154 | 103674 | T: ronald1536 |
| 115164 | 127979 | 131334 | T: ronald2048 |
| 128163 | 131855 | 133790 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 175837 | 178798 | 181611 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 195071 | 196605 | 210902 | T: ronald3072 |
| 221542 | 222213 | 223184 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 238914 | 240237 | 242278 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 289204 | 303016 | 318379 | T: ronald4096 |
| 384937 | 387836 | 391264 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 434336 | 435460 | 437050 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 529516 | 532415 | 535303 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 575318 | 576843 | 578380 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 612493 | 617383 | 622668 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 708140 | 709305 | 713231 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 832687 | 833423 | 834142 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 846113 | 852783 | 860429 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 855622 | 856967 | 859221 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 862388 | 863352 | 864796 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 992162 | 995273 | 998337 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 994766 | 996121 | 997371 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1063055 | 1066837 | 1070246 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1303529 | 1305537 | 1312266 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1557917 | 1561748 | 1565369 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1689010 | 1695758 | 1705958 | T: lotus192 |
| 1769462 | 1772565 | 1774105 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2268180 | 2270639 | 2275696 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 2420659 | 2424028 | 2427413 | T: lotus256 |
| 3245334 | 3377412 | 3384603 | T: lotus128 |
| 6720401 | 6722221 | 6725903 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 10341452 | 10343876 | 10363486 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 10381293 | 10383042 | 10386591 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 10439745 | 10446915 | 10448773 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 11671862 | 11677076 | 11679427 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 12372514 | 12378347 | 12383103 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 12605195 | 12609495 | 12843575 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 15396619 | 15407802 | 15422995 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 15654113 | 15662439 | 15709480 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 22656522 | 22663384 | 22669472 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 24862880 | 24872998 | 24884992 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 26469287 | 26512474 | 26738740 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 30243057 | 30246119 | 30248550 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 34411922 | 34426852 | 34450877 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 34843618 | 34849962 | 35605302 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 44133483 | 44139806 | 44146543 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 44050217 | 44149641 | 44165745 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 44681481 | 44753872 | 44797786 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 50758832 | 50763479 | 50957228 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 55305311 | 55333029 | 56433417 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 79500538 | 80852502 | 81346884 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 82737305 | 82885961 | 82932320 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 90911097 | 90929097 | 90955618 | T: ledapkc54sl |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 109562 | 112415 | 114203 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 120649 | 126244 | 127433 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 182105 | 190709 | 198713 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 272013 | 272115 | 282285 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 337401 | 338972 | 343164 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 374290 | 375024 | 375151 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 573262 | 575809 | 577733 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 752864 | 754459 | 755972 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 894132 | 897350 | 902963 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 917332 | 1000659 | 1010949 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1121403 | 1126093 | 1128833 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1250518 | 1252283 | 1262808 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 1404776 | 1412031 | 1412666 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 1484386 | 1504089 | 1520732 | T: ronald1024 |
| 1520848 | 1527473 | 1533704 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1573264 | 1579097 | 1585752 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1866429 | 1873094 | 1882995 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1951527 | 1972247 | 1978554 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 2176517 | 2182125 | 2189997 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2222385 | 2231028 | 2241761 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2267641 | 2280420 | 2301911 | T: lotus192 |
| 2346086 | 2349988 | 2356433 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2608531 | 2613505 | 2621726 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 2785862 | 2802274 | 2811936 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 3013082 | 3019934 | 3030623 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 3205994 | 3207955 | 3212847 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 3203643 | 3208064 | 3213895 | T: rsa2048 |
| 3390389 | 3401032 | 3414971 | T: lotus256 |
| 3958405 | 3980203 | 4000555 | T: ronald1536 |
| 3979882 | 3998272 | 4051563 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 4031644 | 4299343 | 4485915 | T: lotus128 |
| 6807745 | 6838389 | 6870351 | T: ronald2048 |
| 9547469 | 9556675 | 9589647 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 9915361 | 9922488 | 9926876 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 10984800 | 10992993 | 11029620 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 12048751 | 12051507 | 12064728 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 12954455 | 12978883 | 13003203 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 13072654 | 13081276 | 13088059 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 14150363 | 14172804 | 14187231 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 18777073 | 18818316 | 18876534 | T: ronald3072 |
| 20853788 | 20858394 | 20896756 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 23240031 | 23265924 | 23565703 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 23789030 | 23797344 | 23799558 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 27270967 | 27328965 | 27363881 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 31885019 | 31898965 | 32195893 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 32462854 | 32515004 | 32692510 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 35992624 | 36011657 | 36032405 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 37862261 | 37904028 | 38001789 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 39682028 | 39763414 | 39817234 | T: ronald4096 |
| 45256902 | 45275962 | 45283802 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 45526700 | 45796133 | 45830304 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 60748237 | 60798344 | 60826387 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 68050448 | 68165778 | 68210607 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 71951998 | 72029578 | 72161687 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 72650261 | 72677791 | 72709453 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 95490878 | 95531113 | 95597891 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 181451797 | 181833313 | 182271765 | T: pqrsa15 |
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