Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; K10 45nm (100f63); 2010 AMD Athlon II Neo K125; 1 x 1700MHz; h3neo, supercop-20260330
[Page version: 20260712 20:43:56]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 1208338 | 1214769 | 1220081 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 1422865 | 1428268 | 1434636 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 2409695 | 2417093 | 2424153 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 3661830 | 3671715 | 3681472 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 42539501 | 45150686 | 49930951 | T: C:mceliece |
| 45943836 | 46032732 | 46120490 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 55222027 | 55480184 | 55682057 | T: lotus128 |
| 61406213 | 61732671 | 62367919 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 78935718 | 79052342 | 79174426 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 88063853 | 88530122 | 89331588 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 94230751 | 94668294 | 94992441 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 100339867 | 100432230 | 100573912 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 105766387 | 106036620 | 106387535 | T: lotus192 |
| 112407195 | 112681476 | 113185481 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 81000739? | 120282796? | 165812781? | T: ronald1024 |
| 124066106 | 124225634 | 124404647 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 135040101 | 135142120 | 135323938 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 82870422? | 137363664? | 265270277? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 152363435 | 152751407 | 153700276 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 152460188 | 153000597 | 153873506 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 97170501? | 154819850? | 242968663? | T: rsa2048 |
| 173306941 | 173418080 | 173610908 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 185080707 | 185247883 | 185452683 | T: lotus256 |
| 256164105 | 256777016 | 257655894 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 337052318? | 479429223? | 716159400? | T: ronald1536 |
| 739184824? | 1025118071? | 1540237066? | T: ronald2048 |
| 2842041084? | 4152331714? | 6008439524? | T: ronald3072 |
| 6157453011? | 10734616961? | 14951880997? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 49065 | 51572 | 55824 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 51043 | 53276 | 57145 | T: rsa2048 |
| 58276 | 59115 | 60048 | T: C:mceliece |
| 64488 | 65299 | 71308 | T: ronald1024 |
| 68311 | 68956 | 69443 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 76399 | 77068 | 77684 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 86707 | 90084 | 95820 | T: ronald1536 |
| 114284 | 115334 | 116421 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 114262 | 120176 | 125172 | T: ronald2048 |
| 154035 | 155223 | 156709 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 191171 | 197640 | 205259 | T: ronald3072 |
| 249897 | 250691 | 251537 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 292993 | 301207 | 310550 | T: ronald4096 |
| 501002 | 503895 | 508862 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 677866 | 679641 | 680602 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 757637 | 763153 | 771840 | T: lotus128 |
| 817344 | 818269 | 819132 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 966229 | 967819 | 975692 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 968300 | 969728 | 970963 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1022661 | 1027044 | 1031060 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1156314 | 1157239 | 1159717 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1172096 | 1183731 | 1203714 | T: lotus192 |
| 1268221 | 1270689 | 1276402 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1532707 | 1543858 | 1551989 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1725932 | 1731421 | 1735747 | T: lotus256 |
| 1843391 | 1861314 | 1871952 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 2006653 | 2007601 | 2012348 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2644965 | 2654954 | 2664908 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 99093 | 99291 | 99841 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 111154 | 111626 | 112170 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 165718 | 167273 | 168609 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 231908 | 232846 | 235912 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 431050 | 431411 | 431874 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 926831 | 933168 | 936206 | T: lotus128 |
| 975637 | 1015373 | 1036660 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1231113 | 1235310 | 1239708 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1526167 | 1532174 | 1550097 | T: lotus192 |
| 1687443 | 1692548 | 1698729 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1700787 | 1708530 | 1719550 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1735700 | 1752586 | 1766831 | T: ronald1024 |
| 2032432 | 2041868 | 2054948 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 2103149 | 2117300 | 2127272 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 2249383 | 2258510 | 2282520 | T: lotus256 |
| 2379038 | 2388037 | 2397495 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2393966 | 2402563 | 2410361 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2512240 | 2524077 | 2535750 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2837519 | 2846018 | 2855280 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 3010920 | 3030060 | 3049102 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 3158030 | 3169345 | 3194464 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 3187707 | 3192232 | 3202705 | T: rsa2048 |
| 3201011 | 3246223 | 3264243 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 4235800 | 4251871 | 4295070 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 4412212 | 4437293 | 4459505 | T: ronald1536 |
| 7571757 | 7604406 | 7638246 | T: ronald2048 |
| 20303967 | 20377637 | 20525834 | T: ronald3072 |
| 42096788 | 42166416 | 42284704 | T: ronald4096 |
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