Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; K10 45nm (100f63); 2010 AMD Athlon II Neo K125; 1 x 1700MHz; h3neo, supercop-20251222
[Page version: 20260315 18:26:08]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 1207405 | 1211849 | 1218100 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 1419352 | 1424757 | 1429916 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 2404149 | 2412177 | 2418482 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 3655311 | 3666641 | 3675390 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 46011762 | 46098588 | 46196018 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 43287206 | 46158510 | 50082565 | T: C:mceliece |
| 55119305 | 55303686 | 55562273 | T: lotus128 |
| 61382605 | 61745116 | 62373232 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 78774826 | 78882292 | 79025096 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 87968702 | 88499215 | 89331599 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 94158877 | 94618050 | 94956446 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 100226040 | 100366862 | 100512139 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 105707116 | 106088310 | 106794622 | T: lotus192 |
| 112462112 | 112717184 | 113367833 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 68623731? | 115791032? | 214371897? | T: rsa2048 |
| 124190856 | 124342532 | 124502420 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 90270102? | 126775899? | 200636214? | T: ronald1024 |
| 134890398 | 135050549 | 135231588 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 91010456? | 150098069? | 228522496? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 152280425 | 152630324 | 153462001 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 152606727 | 153097713 | 153812174 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 173404973 | 173569382 | 173748356 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 183750897 | 184104388 | 187519539 | T: lotus256 |
| 255796832 | 256653611 | 257602238 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 356514459? | 509316990? | 699477952? | T: ronald1536 |
| 817814496? | 1175772255? | 1755779504? | T: ronald2048 |
| 2575371729? | 3923555494? | 6189186866? | T: ronald3072 |
| 6677643036? | 10425655679? | 15310997189? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 48699 | 51930 | 57074 | T: rsa2048 |
| 49380 | 53638 | 57250 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 58716 | 59664 | 60485 | T: C:mceliece |
| 63992 | 64696 | 71280 | T: ronald1024 |
| 68297 | 68742 | 69448 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 76363 | 77080 | 77877 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 86132 | 88970 | 95746 | T: ronald1536 |
| 115148 | 116047 | 117036 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 115635 | 121970 | 130607 | T: ronald2048 |
| 152993 | 154114 | 155289 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 195533 | 199594 | 207147 | T: ronald3072 |
| 250043 | 250910 | 252160 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 302464 | 309542 | 318779 | T: ronald4096 |
| 509079 | 512084 | 513333 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 686692 | 691237 | 692665 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 761011 | 765881 | 802242 | T: lotus128 |
| 819668 | 821103 | 822303 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 975452 | 976664 | 979944 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 975670 | 980469 | 985920 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1023738 | 1025290 | 1027161 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1171974 | 1174727 | 1177326 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1184182 | 1191549 | 1197052 | T: lotus192 |
| 1275307 | 1279786 | 1283439 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1544559 | 1546053 | 1547592 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1727343 | 1732386 | 1737013 | T: lotus256 |
| 1849693 | 1853192 | 1858982 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1998242 | 1999378 | 2000700 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2648731 | 2652931 | 2656980 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 99255 | 100061 | 100661 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 111095 | 111576 | 112249 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 169215 | 170312 | 171577 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 234417 | 237626 | 239173 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 429014 | 431799 | 433456 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 935828 | 947318 | 966844 | T: lotus128 |
| 1005887 | 1024589 | 1038467 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1238578 | 1242439 | 1248682 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1524773 | 1539714 | 1551997 | T: lotus192 |
| 1696462 | 1699581 | 1705519 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1691281 | 1700688 | 1707207 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1755365 | 1780157 | 1799378 | T: ronald1024 |
| 2055793 | 2067861 | 2081013 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 2104308 | 2112374 | 2121004 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 2242151 | 2248218 | 2254862 | T: lotus256 |
| 2379840 | 2389212 | 2400728 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2421855 | 2434125 | 2444834 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2505894 | 2519757 | 2539650 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2842784 | 2853764 | 2865325 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 3027816 | 3038680 | 3050977 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 3155572 | 3166150 | 3176720 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 3185286 | 3189417 | 3198734 | T: rsa2048 |
| 3180826 | 3197246 | 3198058 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 4230570 | 4239109 | 4263066 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 4512700 | 4541770 | 4574551 | T: ronald1536 |
| 7624977 | 7653544 | 7684180 | T: ronald2048 |
| 20492940 | 20543615 | 20605158 | T: ronald3072 |
| 42531464 | 42607509 | 42666022 | T: ronald4096 |
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