Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; K10 45nm (100f63); 2010 AMD Athlon II Neo K125; 1 x 1700MHz; h3neo, supercop-20251114
[Page version: 20260221 06:44:50]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
old
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 1207796 | 1211232 | 1217617 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 1419575 | 1424060 | 1429398 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 2404839 | 2412125 | 2418072 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 3656256 | 3666857 | 3674587 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 46008065 | 46097746 | 46180770 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 43225171 | 46374658 | 49371105 | T: C:mceliece |
| 55108480 | 55293121 | 55515627 | T: lotus128 |
| 61351679 | 61725313 | 62272936 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 78771491 | 78881121 | 79035282 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 87953400 | 88460827 | 89164258 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 94136544 | 94608514 | 94925947 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 100225519 | 100365828 | 100497912 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 105707298 | 106035731 | 106771827 | T: lotus192 |
| 68231249? | 108401215? | 204853689? | T: rsa2048 |
| 112454134 | 112720571 | 113337852 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 90759339? | 116340265? | 197526225? | T: ronald1024 |
| 124214711 | 124338190 | 124487224 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 134866250 | 135060129 | 135210260 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 91658748? | 151613932? | 230357798? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 152312238 | 152635410 | 153371744 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 152669794 | 153056997 | 153801063 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 173439611 | 173559124 | 173733177 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 183757232 | 184045919 | 187708564 | T: lotus256 |
| 255759337 | 256624285 | 257542903 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 331525523? | 509913441? | 718850934? | T: ronald1536 |
| 819772758? | 1177913801? | 1723667216? | T: ronald2048 |
| 2533256854? | 3782268138? | 5980581499? | T: ronald3072 |
| 6669534760? | 10549734962? | 14910489395? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 48729 | 52151 | 57399 | T: rsa2048 |
| 49378 | 54677 | 57490 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 58762 | 59699 | 60377 | T: C:mceliece |
| 64094 | 64434 | 72135 | T: ronald1024 |
| 68329 | 68676 | 69406 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 76336 | 77061 | 77764 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 86033 | 87394 | 94875 | T: ronald1536 |
| 115080 | 116117 | 116913 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 115519 | 122668 | 131697 | T: ronald2048 |
| 153085 | 154095 | 155221 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 197767 | 199684 | 207332 | T: ronald3072 |
| 250083 | 250892 | 252131 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 304582 | 311984 | 320711 | T: ronald4096 |
| 509983 | 512116 | 513048 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 685371 | 691160 | 692629 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 760637 | 765755 | 805332 | T: lotus128 |
| 819558 | 821057 | 822190 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 975509 | 976530 | 979939 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 975113 | 980508 | 986852 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1023727 | 1025261 | 1026638 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1171951 | 1175361 | 1177102 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1182935 | 1191648 | 1197489 | T: lotus192 |
| 1274962 | 1279383 | 1283016 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1545029 | 1546032 | 1547211 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1727438 | 1732239 | 1737240 | T: lotus256 |
| 1849826 | 1851367 | 1858781 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1998262 | 1999436 | 2000551 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2648372 | 2653237 | 2656306 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 99137 | 99870 | 100594 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 111193 | 111479 | 112169 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 169128 | 170123 | 171354 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 233582 | 237718 | 239024 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 428260 | 431755 | 433407 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 934717 | 947945 | 971011 | T: lotus128 |
| 1001977 | 1024492 | 1040044 | T: C:mceliece |
| 1238840 | 1242224 | 1248083 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 1524676 | 1537354 | 1551597 | T: lotus192 |
| 1696738 | 1699311 | 1705309 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1691216 | 1700383 | 1706488 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1754903 | 1778959 | 1796927 | T: ronald1024 |
| 2056701 | 2068689 | 2080247 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 2105024 | 2112747 | 2120647 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 2243157 | 2248116 | 2254447 | T: lotus256 |
| 2380547 | 2389737 | 2399582 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 2421779 | 2434819 | 2443311 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 2507331 | 2520548 | 2539510 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 2843485 | 2854592 | 2864437 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 3028298 | 3039219 | 3051471 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 3156207 | 3166430 | 3175824 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 3183694 | 3188428 | 3198714 | T: rsa2048 |
| 3176987 | 3197394 | 3197976 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 4230641 | 4237773 | 4264749 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 4514335 | 4539874 | 4571924 | T: ronald1536 |
| 7626323 | 7654566 | 7683322 | T: ronald2048 |
| 20490355 | 20539024 | 20600186 | T: ronald3072 |
| 42537362 | 42603872 | 42660870 | T: ronald4096 |
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