Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Zen 3 (a50f00); 2021 AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G; 6 x 3900MHz; cezanne, supercop-20251222
[Page version: 20260221 06:44:50]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 46849 | 47532 | 48678 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 61998 | 63345 | 64511 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 88101 | 89563 | 91193 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 88841 | 89754 | 91305 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 112350 | 113497 | 115051 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 152805 | 153937 | 155502 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 333729 | 336224 | 338963 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 374767 | 377325 | 380313 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 406327 | 410805 | 412847 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 544930 | 547540 | 550628 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 783049 | 785259 | 789052 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 984993 | 988844 | 993859 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1290647 | 1307886 | 1319217 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2562815 | 2570631 | 2578821 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 3061773 | 3081461 | 3107979 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 3407869 | 3425379 | 3437432 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 3985870? | 4007477? | 5716963? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 4173579 | 4181107 | 4208585 | T: C:4hfe |
| 5378429 | 5398380 | 6222400 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 4187963? | 5420254? | 6735006? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 6902270 | 6931160 | 6957825 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 7037119? | 7069538? | 11185483? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 7741713 | 7745859 | 7759981 | T: lotus128 |
| 8425706 | 8437292 | 8447390 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 9402279? | 9487191? | 12358714? | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 10478511 | 10535127 | 12566377 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 11067756 | 11138160 | 12607829 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 11328261 | 11413045 | 11759124 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 13180511 | 13254988 | 13400112 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 14768216 | 14782271 | 14830843 | T: lotus192 |
| 16043890 | 16101926 | 17984976 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 16258466 | 16514301 | 19208687 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 19045678? | 19427910? | 24393441? | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 21937237 | 21973487 | 22032628 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 22430114 | 22501404 | 22548180 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 20691324 | 23805042 | 23826274 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 24789751 | 24822320 | 25005958 | T: lotus256 |
| 27304493 | 28189265 | 28995373 | T: C:mceliece |
| 29951261 | 30205168 | 30623776 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 29426035 | 33079799 | 34547615 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 37513611 | 37579427 | 37720789 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 42985765 | 43341405 | 43906238 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 48893326 | 48958001 | 49063921 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 55414644 | 55678295 | 56143696 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 38789259? | 58119241? | 78507631? | T: ronald1024 |
| 65557559 | 65680885 | 65781371 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 65714958 | 65807467 | 65922737 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 75048727 | 75350661 | 75948598 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 80502624 | 80750258 | 81198779 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 49421039? | 82009094? | 115791187? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 87132120 | 87463550 | 87789976 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 60187259? | 92419344? | 150245245? | T: rsa2048 |
| 131002328 | 131429166 | 132256648 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 141752949? | 222622352? | 360997907? | T: ronald1536 |
| 299966169? | 474214686? | 665981426? | T: ronald2048 |
| 1292858888? | 1638493469? | 2339362698? | T: ronald3072 |
| 2610587365 | 2668395241 | 2729959815 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 2572784947? | 3734231349? | 5863075134? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 7977 | 8000 | 8014 | T: C:4hfe |
| 16700 | 17055 | 17451 | T: rsa2048 |
| 16998 | 17217 | 18458 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 29993 | 30555 | 31721 | T: ronald1024 |
| 34064 | 34285 | 34558 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 35854 | 36422 | 36923 | T: C:mceliece |
| 38351 | 38591 | 40861 | T: ronald1536 |
| 40510 | 40731 | 40932 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 50521 | 51915 | 53324 | T: ronald2048 |
| 59028 | 59359 | 59722 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 75217 | 75467 | 75882 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 82785 | 85402 | 87100 | T: ronald3072 |
| 85608 | 86348 | 86916 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 92549 | 93118 | 93984 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 113960 | 114743 | 115768 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 119031 | 119349 | 119698 | T: lotus128 |
| 125802 | 127958 | 130354 | T: ronald4096 |
| 152713 | 153871 | 154984 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 163147 | 165528 | 168418 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 181680 | 182383 | 182889 | T: lotus192 |
| 206052 | 207371 | 209548 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 231209 | 231978 | 233513 | T: lotus256 |
| 249617 | 250700 | 252113 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 257994 | 258796 | 259772 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 342558 | 343783 | 345744 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 423318 | 424854 | 426564 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 494043 | 499623 | 503176 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 532395 | 534096 | 535562 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 543186 | 544423 | 545674 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 571316 | 579324 | 580698 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 607616 | 609163 | 610403 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 665400? | 669080? | 885633? | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 686183 | 687091 | 688288 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 746473 | 748779 | 761780 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 779868 | 783141 | 946526 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 798121 | 805088 | 813791 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 835203 | 836732 | 843916 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 905183 | 911312 | 923757 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 994618 | 997161 | 1004568 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1003979 | 1010268 | 1165470 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 1130058 | 1139129 | 1141507 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1215982 | 1227237 | 1402862 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 1274375 | 1277467 | 1280688 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1337727 | 1340979 | 1348391 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1455497 | 1460281 | 1472280 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1478106 | 1487803 | 1489493 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1552583 | 1555495 | 1558305 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1644156 | 1652983 | 1661141 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1762449 | 1765212 | 1770300 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 1827629 | 1829219 | 1833339 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 1981706 | 1991205 | 2000350 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 2055306 | 2063474 | 2071478 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 2236623 | 2242715 | 2252704 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2567932 | 2571544 | 2578028 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2782113 | 2789672 | 2797331 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 2849421 | 2861723 | 2865342 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 2964821 | 2979538 | 2987258 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 14216732 | 14227722 | 14238786 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 36553 | 36746 | 36873 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 40381 | 40456 | 40537 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 62211 | 62262 | 62354 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 83951 | 84012 | 84087 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 88274 | 88674 | 88929 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 110379 | 115721 | 118227 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 125131 | 125477 | 126207 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 136059 | 136450 | 136676 | T: lotus128 |
| 161811 | 162163 | 165777 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 170737 | 171137 | 180830 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 207820 | 210180 | 212180 | T: lotus192 |
| 222867 | 225429 | 228595 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 275540 | 276541 | 277191 | T: lotus256 |
| 286567 | 288848 | 295730 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 605364 | 609344 | 617833 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 636623 | 638906 | 640042 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 717416 | 724749 | 731917 | T: ronald1024 |
| 776003 | 779221 | 792895 | T: C:mceliece |
| 831727 | 842669 | 851716 | T: C:4hfe |
| 869097 | 879142 | 887275 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 871321 | 880074 | 890764 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1063283 | 1068185 | 1078434 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1161992 | 1171831 | 1182653 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1288087 | 1301048 | 1316679 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1334673 | 1344147 | 1352944 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1385054 | 1396900 | 1409476 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1516090 | 1519386 | 1522538 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1598843 | 1605213 | 1614807 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1663809 | 1676336 | 1684418 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1818165 | 1819601 | 1821925 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 1840880 | 1847478 | 1859737 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1930066 | 1934312 | 1941883 | T: rsa2048 |
| 1934963 | 1936556 | 1943517 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 1977184 | 1982526 | 2000243 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 1972370 | 1985473 | 1997671 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2000724 | 2010544 | 2020881 | T: ronald1536 |
| 2206569 | 2238136 | 2246948 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2447095 | 2455243 | 2457824 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 2439683 | 2456711 | 2492694 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 2648330 | 2651926 | 2665730 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 2804083 | 2820013 | 2842339 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 3129803 | 3140663 | 3157082 | T: ronald2048 |
| 4880031 | 4886129 | 4890946 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 4939139 | 4949078 | 4960280 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 5160638 | 5177315 | 5230752 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 6188268 | 6200970 | 6205493 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 7181708 | 7226146 | 7231680 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 8101115 | 8104661 | 8230619 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 8370739 | 8395933 | 8419788 | T: ronald3072 |
| 9644017 | 9677956 | 9839014 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 9969791 | 10018215 | 10021783 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 11013778 | 11067019 | 11133316 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 12283783 | 12303198 | 12322962 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 14285298 | 14294999 | 14315287 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 14835359 | 14849275 | 14902623 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 15102215 | 15132555 | 15157533 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 17681360 | 17718050 | 17748935 | T: ronald4096 |
| 99451390 | 99563768 | 99682258 | T: pqrsa15 |
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