Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Golden Cove (90675-00); 2022 Intel Core i3-12100; 4 x 3300MHz; alder, supercop-20260831
[Page version: 20260905 10:39:45]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 45938 | 46711 | 47656 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 59768 | 60752 | 62060 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 82182 | 83090 | 84211 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 84486 | 85531 | 86917 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 99895 | 100640 | 101544 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 144162 | 146074 | 147873 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 334523 | 336783 | 340776 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 341556 | 342938 | 344888 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 387130 | 390278 | 393498 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 663134 | 666583 | 672052 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 790706 | 794090 | 797934 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 954604 | 959592 | 964028 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 1025937 | 1035280 | 1040769 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 2240102 | 2264840 | 2321195 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2702497 | 2712146 | 2949309 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 2747898 | 2763231 | 2937978 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 3581390? | 3764279? | 5561866? | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 3433012? | 4188087? | 5793944? | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 4678990 | 4712166 | 5379446 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 4884015? | 5053193? | 7245579? | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 5887499 | 5920167 | 5967421 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 6417185 | 6426782 | 6439138 | T: lotus128 |
| 7037746 | 7163855 | 7663170 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 7653479 | 7687754 | 8651962 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 8093644 | 8118438 | 9850932 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 9186629 | 9216346 | 9338483 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 9665047 | 9891429 | 11196221 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 11136629 | 11156387 | 11208628 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 11738391? | 11783258? | 15130663? | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 12541469 | 12547872 | 12557516 | T: lotus192 |
| 15927330 | 15991889 | 16049203 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 15874489 | 16067759 | 18839162 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 15115723 | 16153236 | 17435522 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 20394673 | 20411910 | 20435293 | T: lotus256 |
| 20470679 | 20527528 | 21439295 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 21856128 | 21905551 | 22000966 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 26858254 | 27971355 | 30439188 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 27898242 | 28578180 | 29550393 | T: C:mceliece |
| 28977928 | 29219033 | 29698905 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 37282169 | 37380586 | 37516874 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 30666862? | 41533060? | 63958265? | T: ronald1024 |
| 41509140 | 41937772 | 42762281 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 48878274 | 48998412 | 49171644 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 54484036 | 54801518 | 55487656 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 64265321 | 64400715 | 64548695 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 65678941 | 65789029 | 65984759 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 45597319? | 69444057? | 117152513? | T: rsa2048 |
| 73962796 | 74394291 | 74918752 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 46988399? | 80406347? | 117126001? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 81592626 | 82114471 | 82826168 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 87121077 | 87238177 | 87420075 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 128085953 | 128525670 | 129332353 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 138897800? | 211965514? | 303280515? | T: ronald1536 |
| 260165952? | 364111867? | 559652268? | T: ronald2048 |
| 914029847? | 1389041143? | 2141354626? | T: ronald3072 |
| 2457438821 | 2525606097 | 2581247671 | T: pqrsa15 |
| 2029619947? | 2902920415? | 4727231250? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 14884 | 15261 | 15794 | T: rsa2048 |
| 15238 | 15586 | 16481 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 25375 | 25868 | 26645 | T: ronald1024 |
| 29051 | 29368 | 29821 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 33329 | 33759 | 34158 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 33861 | 34253 | 35146 | T: ronald1536 |
| 43683 | 44175 | 44917 | T: C:mceliece |
| 45244 | 45882 | 46703 | T: ronald2048 |
| 49024 | 49438 | 50031 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 63020 | 63604 | 64252 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 76727 | 77680 | 78688 | T: ronald3072 |
| 83675 | 84264 | 84949 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 85100 | 85861 | 86665 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 91510 | 91877 | 92393 | T: lotus128 |
| 111460 | 112316 | 113496 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 120400 | 121536 | 123079 | T: ronald4096 |
| 134609 | 135097 | 135749 | T: lotus192 |
| 149714 | 151189 | 152645 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 159892 | 161359 | 163226 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 188614 | 189383 | 190216 | T: lotus256 |
| 195727 | 196780 | 198272 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 218360 | 219524 | 220811 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 243986 | 246221 | 248272 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 292050 | 294186 | 296426 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 366055 | 368085 | 371553 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 428474 | 429916 | 431201 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 446510 | 448066 | 450546 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 461838 | 463011 | 464976 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 483250 | 484644 | 492743 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 496439 | 498580 | 501800 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 528056 | 530066 | 532459 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 557477 | 558479 | 560130 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 589664 | 591746 | 594969 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 614669 | 617253 | 619692 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 623552 | 626925 | 630601 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 686306 | 688298 | 690391 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 696101 | 700240 | 702871 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 791243 | 798861 | 814428 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 830486 | 834117 | 837574 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 954409 | 956522 | 958987 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 989380 | 994140 | 1010382 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1087509 | 1091038 | 1095099 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1093856 | 1099531 | 1104252 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 1134654 | 1138314 | 1144166 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 1195971 | 1209542 | 1261759 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 1228485 | 1231768 | 1235259 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 1409836 | 1416168 | 1423153 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 1414098 | 1418411 | 1430637 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1711306 | 1716328 | 1721586 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 1741409 | 1745323 | 1753366 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 1866851 | 1881255 | 1899854 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 1918946 | 1922542 | 1927516 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 2075185 | 2082667 | 2090831 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 2426272 | 2435034 | 2447722 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 2511454 | 2520020 | 2534402 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 2550515 | 2555361 | 2567000 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 13071191 | 13090219 | 13112790 | T: pqrsa15 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 29150 | 29384 | 29748 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 33255 | 33548 | 34147 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 52040 | 52646 | 53083 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 69046 | 69445 | 70463 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 74737 | 75751 | 76492 | T: r5nd1pke5d |
| 93592 | 95540 | 99126 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 106225 | 107322 | 109827 | T: r5nd1pke0d |
| 139073 | 141381 | 148870 | T: r5nd3pke5d |
| 140994 | 144710 | 145467 | T: lotus128 |
| 163532 | 163818 | 164172 | T: lotus192 |
| 187381 | 190309 | 195618 | T: r5nd3pke0d |
| 233963 | 234709 | 235535 | T: lotus256 |
| 237883 | 240707 | 246617 | T: r5nd5pke0d |
| 283735 | 290457 | 297740 | T: r5nd5pke5d |
| 536891 | 538610 | 542573 | T: r5n11pke0d |
| 610174 | 619891 | 628370 | T: C:mceliece |
| 663971 | 670970 | 676682 | T: ronald1024 |
| 703735 | 712866 | 723896 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 939119 | 948474 | 960769 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 974565 | 985750 | 1000042 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 1177194 | 1186744 | 1201527 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1192324 | 1200697 | 1214267 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1325721 | 1331829 | 1336578 | T: r5n13pke0d |
| 1419975 | 1426911 | 1438924 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1467906 | 1475047 | 1484723 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1468444 | 1476487 | 1488828 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1578586 | 1580729 | 1583162 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 1582551 | 1586361 | 1591153 | T: rsa2048 |
| 1596763 | 1603263 | 1610888 | T: ledapkc1264 |
| 1630314 | 1639187 | 1660088 | T: r5n15pke0d |
| 1708230 | 1716759 | 1730610 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1736585 | 1743034 | 1749911 | T: ronald1536 |
| 1758289 | 1769809 | 1781491 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1889615 | 1899249 | 1913315 | T: ledapkc1364 |
| 1914452 | 1926715 | 1949078 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2036446 | 2057002 | 2074073 | T: ledapkc1464 |
| 2155314 | 2166526 | 2185445 | T: ledapkc12sl |
| 2313533 | 2338146 | 2389784 | T: ledapkc13sl |
| 2510105 | 2601471 | 2620708 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 2687647 | 2708640 | 2735731 | T: ledapkc14sl |
| 2827094 | 2838437 | 2848288 | T: ronald2048 |
| 4387205 | 4401141 | 4427035 | T: ledapkc3364 |
| 4505477 | 4517348 | 4528763 | T: ledapkc3264 |
| 4812210 | 4867280 | 4905220 | T: ledapkc3464 |
| 6252436 | 6271243 | 6303698 | T: ledapkc32sl |
| 6419902 | 6452506 | 6481106 | T: ledapkc33sl |
| 7193350 | 7224024 | 7260660 | T: ledapkc34sl |
| 7562364 | 7584887 | 7603579 | T: r5n13pke0smallct |
| 7599134 | 7613260 | 7631838 | T: ronald3072 |
| 10086968 | 10138033 | 10223906 | T: ledapkc5264 |
| 11238502 | 11261541 | 11285325 | T: ledapkc5364 |
| 11722098 | 11754827 | 11785027 | T: ledapkc5464 |
| 15408387 | 15449298 | 15504878 | T: ledapkc53sl |
| 15515427 | 15541676 | 15572383 | T: ledapkc52sl |
| 15505003 | 15547572 | 15600242 | T: ledapkc54sl |
| 16277213 | 16302920 | 16325499 | T: ronald4096 |
| 89944691 | 89998596 | 90058766 | T: pqrsa15 |
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