Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: amd64; Golden Cove (90675-00); 2022 Intel Core i3-12100; 4 x 3300MHz; alder, supercop-20251222
[Page version: 20260221 06:44:50]
eBATS
(ECRYPT Benchmarking
of Asymmetric Systems)
is a project
to measure the performance of public-key systems.
This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS
for public-key encryption:
- Time (cycles) to generate a key pair:
a secret key and a corresponding public key.
- Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
- Time to decrypt a short message,
i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
- Space (bytes) for a secret key.
- Space for a public key.
- Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
- Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message:
the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
- Ciphertext overhead for a long message:
the ciphertext length minus the message length.
Each table row lists
the first quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ1 starting with supercop-20260214),
the median of many speed measurements (or StQ2 starting with supercop-20260214),
the third quartile of many speed measurements (or StQ3 starting with supercop-20260214), and
the name of the primitive.
Measurements with large interquartile range (or stabilized interquartile range) are indicated in red with question marks.
The symbol
C:
means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security
as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem.
The symbol
T:
(starting with supercop-20200816)
means that the SUPERCOP database
at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time
as a goal for this implementation.
The symbol
T!!!
means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation,
but that the implementation failed TIMECOP.
(TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues;
they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)
There is a
separate page
with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation.
Designers and implementors
interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems
and new implementations of existing cryptosystems
should read the call for submissions.
Test results
Graphs:
(pkcycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,pkbytes)
(ccycles,cbytes)
(mcycles,cbytes)
(pkbytes,cbytes)
| Cycles to generate a key pair |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 335411 | 338366 | 340775 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 414022 | 417062 | 420096 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 678996 | 682079 | 686170 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 997390 | 1001005 | 1007058 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 6147792 | 6156662 | 6188284 | T: lotus128 |
| 12540283 | 12545731 | 12558277 | T: lotus192 |
| 20422291 | 20448234 | 20656960 | T: lotus256 |
| 21428020 | 21467737 | 21533377 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 22255715 | 22324222 | 22394104 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 29727764 | 30189890 | 30850360 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 30002006 | 30520978 | 31515822 | T: C:mceliece |
| 36942733 | 38091706 | 38990135 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 41844368 | 42848672 | 43484332 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 51506328 | 52113484 | 53072747 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 39930632? | 52333265? | 76026818? | T: ronald1024 |
| 52963100 | 53236116 | 53645115 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 63137578 | 63709249 | 64529529 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 42653431? | 68090219? | 106387322? | T: rsa2048 |
| 68358394 | 69584071 | 70684582 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 71721804 | 72096057 | 72598935 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 48526323? | 72291030? | 113447432? | T: cargocult2048 |
| 79412113 | 80298960 | 81835998 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 85767458 | 86755933 | 87640681 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 124447261 | 124832131 | 125539085 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 165194872? | 221238720? | 287690198? | T: ronald1536 |
| 269558417? | 419341272? | 670645386? | T: ronald2048 |
| 858679250? | 1123369385? | 1825975232? | T: ronald3072 |
| 2150178089? | 3158099902? | 5024976380? | T: ronald4096 |
|
| Cycles to encrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 14910 | 15282 | 15975 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 15080 | 15683 | 16346 | T: rsa2048 |
| 25724 | 26097 | 26693 | T: ronald1024 |
| 29224 | 29582 | 29972 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 33856 | 34149 | 35024 | T: ronald1536 |
| 38954 | 39243 | 39724 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 44738 | 45886 | 46964 | T: ronald2048 |
| 46185 | 46731 | 47438 | T: C:mceliece |
| 54758 | 55287 | 55894 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 69779 | 70322 | 70874 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 76432 | 77265 | 78481 | T: ronald3072 |
| 85384 | 85926 | 86600 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 93286 | 93657 | 94127 | T: lotus128 |
| 120738 | 121898 | 123217 | T: ronald4096 |
| 134801 | 135296 | 135849 | T: lotus192 |
| 188659 | 189002 | 189620 | T: lotus256 |
| 221159 | 221813 | 222969 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 339361 | 341140 | 342746 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 381902 | 383691 | 391999 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 447559 | 450700 | 461150 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 470345 | 476714 | 481481 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 481125 | 486195 | 509987 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 539449 | 547101 | 562262 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 590842 | 628366 | 632497 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 699056 | 701246 | 703200 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 832555 | 834114 | 837746 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 978633 | 988896 | 992498 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 1231256 | 1234219 | 1237721 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
|
| Cycles to decrypt 59 bytes |
| 25% | 50% | 75% | system |
| 29445 | 29708 | 30287 | T: C:ntruees401ep2 |
| 41051 | 41569 | 41868 | T: C:ntruees439ep1 |
| 57574 | 58010 | 58983 | T: C:ntruees593ep1 |
| 78899 | 79465 | 80270 | T: C:ntruees743ep1 |
| 102416 | 102826 | 112912 | T: C:ntruees787ep1 |
| 109031 | 109130 | 109249 | T: lotus128 |
| 163704 | 164121 | 164707 | T: lotus192 |
| 233428 | 233701 | 234071 | T: lotus256 |
| 621334 | 627131 | 641118 | T: mcnie4q1281 |
| 614480 | 629328 | 636321 | T: C:mceliece |
| 665663 | 671497 | 677284 | T: ronald1024 |
| 904121 | 919724 | 949125 | T: mcnie4q1282 |
| 939682 | 947802 | 970131 | T: mcnie3q1281 |
| 1168105 | 1180015 | 1209111 | T: mcnie3q1282 |
| 1176239 | 1192533 | 1215758 | T: mcnie4q1921 |
| 1397825 | 1407529 | 1435862 | T: mcnie4q1922 |
| 1443913 | 1450238 | 1457857 | T: mcnie3q1921 |
| 1437916 | 1455989 | 1481263 | T: mcnie4q2561 |
| 1586957 | 1590222 | 1593824 | T: cargocult2048 |
| 1589422 | 1591846 | 1595860 | T: rsa2048 |
| 1695972 | 1705134 | 1722919 | T: mcnie4q2562 |
| 1718074 | 1725732 | 1732344 | T: mcnie3q1922 |
| 1736345 | 1745951 | 1752618 | T: ronald1536 |
| 1897781 | 1910047 | 1920260 | T: mcnie3q2561 |
| 2471909 | 2480118 | 2528682 | T: mcnie3q2562 |
| 2826896 | 2835339 | 2844033 | T: ronald2048 |
| 7594017 | 7609555 | 7622211 | T: ronald3072 |
| 16279642 | 16300943 | 16322284 | T: ronald4096 |
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