VAMPIRE	eBACS: ECRYPT Benchmarking of Cryptographic Systems	ECRYPT II

Measurements of public-key cryptosystems on one machine: aarch64; Cortex-A53 (410fd034); 2018 Broadcom BCM2837B0; 4 x 1400MHz; pi3aplus, supercop-20250922

[Page version: 20251125 18:44:47]

eBATS (ECRYPT Benchmarking of Asymmetric Systems) is a project to measure the performance of public-key systems. This page presents benchmark results collected in eBATS for public-key encryption:

• Time (cycles) to generate a key pair: a secret key and a corresponding public key.
• Time to encrypt a short message (59 bytes).
• Time to decrypt a short message, i.e., to recover a short message from a (larger) ciphertext.
• Space (bytes) for a secret key.
• Space for a public key.
• Ciphertext length for a 0-byte message.
• Ciphertext overhead for a 23-byte message: the ciphertext length minus 23 bytes.
• Ciphertext overhead for a long message: the ciphertext length minus the message length.

Each table row lists the first quartile of many speed measurements, the median of many speed measurements, the third quartile of many speed measurements, and the name of the primitive. Measurements with large variance are indicated in red with question marks. The symbol C: means that the current SUPERCOP database does not list IND-CCA2 security as a goal for this public-key cryptosystem. The symbol T: (starting with supercop-20200816) means that the SUPERCOP database at the time of benchmarking did not list constant time as a goal for this implementation. The symbol T!!! means that constant time was listed as a goal for this implementation, but that the implementation failed TIMECOP. (TIMECOP failures are not necessarily security issues; they can sometimes be resolved by, e.g., declaring that a rejection-sampling condition is safe to declassify.)

There is a separate page with more information about each public-key cryptosystem and each implementation. Designers and implementors interested in submitting new public-key cryptosystems and new implementations of existing cryptosystems should read the call for submissions.

Test results

Graphs: (pkcycles,pkbytes) (ccycles,pkbytes) (ccycles,cbytes) (mcycles,cbytes) (pkbytes,cbytes)